Signs, Signals, and Codes Merit Badge

Free Resources and Answers

Time: 2–4 weeks
Difficulty: Easy, Moderate
Setting: Indoor, outdoor practice
Best For: Scouts interested in communication, puzzles, signaling
Hands-On Level: Moderate
Eagle Required: No

The Signs, Signals, and Codes merit badge introduces you to the many ways people share information. You will work with messages sent through signs, sounds, lights, flags, hand movements, and written symbols.

As you earn this badge, you will practice several types of communication. You may use Morse code, semaphore, American Sign Language, braille, trail signs, and other systems. You will also look at symbols you see in daily life.

These skills can help you in the outdoors, during emergencies, and when working with others. By learning how different systems work, you will become better at sending, receiving, and understanding messages.

The requirements for the Signs, Signals, and Codes merit badge were updated on January 1, 2026.

Signs, Signals, and Codes Merit Badge Requirements

Signs, Signals, and Codes Merit Badge Pamphlet

Signs, Signals, and Codes Merit Badge Printable Requirement Check Off Sheet

Checklist for All Merit Badges

Help with Answers for Signs, Signals, and Codes Merit Badge Requirements

Find specific helps for some of the Signs, Signals, and Codes Merit Badge requirements listed below. Some of these resources will just give the answers. Others will provide engaging ways for older Scouts to introduce these concepts to new Scouts.

• Requirement 1: Why We Signal
• Requirement 2: Emergency Signaling
• Requirement 3: Morse and ASL
• Requirement 4: Semaphore and Flags
• Requirement 5: Braille Basics
• Requirement 6: Sound and Silent Signals
• Requirement 7: Trail Sign Hike
• Requirement 8: Action Signals
• Requirement 9: Everyday Symbols
• Requirement 10: Secret Codes
• More Resources

Requirement 1: Why We Signal

What You Need To Do

Discuss why people use signs, signals, and codes. Also cover a few ways these methods have changed over time.

Helpful Tips

• Signs, signals, and codes help people share messages without speaking.
• Some methods work across long distances.
• Some are useful when noise makes speech hard to hear.
• Others help during emergencies or when silence is needed.
• Early methods included hand signs, smoke, fires, drums, and mirrors.
• People had to agree on the meaning of each signal.
• Semaphore uses arm or flag positions to represent letters.
• Morse code uses short and long signals to represent letters and numbers.
• Telegraph systems used Morse code to send messages by electricity.
• Modern communication still uses symbols, signals, and codes every day.

Resources

• History of Communication: From Cave Paintings to TikTok (video)

Leader Tips

• Ask the Scout for examples from home, school, sports, or Scouting.
• Let the Scout compare an old signaling method with a modern one.
• Use pictures or simple demonstrations when possible.
• Keep the discussion focused on why each method is useful.

Requirement 2: Emergency Signaling

What You Need To Do

Discuss why signaling is important during an emergency. Cover several distress signals for attracting search-and-rescue aircraft, and use photos or drawings to show examples.

Helpful Tips

• Emergency signals help rescuers find people when phones and radios do not work.
• Three short whistle blasts are a common distress signal.
• A whistle carries farther than shouting and saves your voice.
• Large ground signals can help aircraft spot you from above.
• Use rocks, logs, clothing, or other gear to make large shapes.
• Bright clothing, a space blanket, or other moving objects can attract attention.
• A signal mirror can reflect sunlight toward an aircraft.
• Smoke can attract attention during the day.
• Fire can attract attention at night when it can be used safely.
• Stay in one place when lost unless moving is needed for immediate safety.
• Make each signal large, clear, and easy to see.
• Use photos or drawings to show the signals discussed with the counselor.

Common Signals

• V – Need assistance
• X – Need emergency help
• Y – Yes (affirmative)
• N – No (negative)
• → – Proceeding in this direction
• I – I am injured
• L – All is well
• F – Need food and water
• W – Need medical supplies
• SOS – International distress signal (can be written or signaled as three short, three long, three short)

Resources

• Signaling in Emergencies—A Beginners Guide to Getting Noticed (video)
• How To Send a Rescue Signal by Semaphore (video)

Leader Tips

• Give Scouts several emergency situations to compare.
• Let them choose the best signal for each situation and explain their choice.
• Use sample photos or simple drawings of ground-to-air signals.
• Stress safe use of fire and the value of staying in one place.

Requirement 3a: Morse Code

What You Need To Do

Describe Morse code and several ways it can be sent. Spell your first name in Morse code, then send or receive a message of six to 10 words.

Helpful Tips

• Morse code uses short and long signals called dots and dashes.
• Each letter and number has its own pattern.
• A dot is a short signal.
• A dash lasts about three times as long as a dot.
• Morse code can be sent with sound, light, tapping, flags, or hand movements.
• A flashlight can show short and long flashes.
• A whistle or buzzer can make short and long sounds.
• Clear pauses separate letters and words.
• Write your first name in dots and dashes before sending it.
• Choose a simple message with six to 10 words.
• Send the message slowly and focus on accuracy.
• Use a Morse code chart to check each letter.

Full Morse code alphabet for letters A to Z and numbers 0 to 9:

A • —
B — • • •
C — • — •
D — • •
E •
F • • — •
G — — •
H • • • •
I • •
J • — — —
K — • —
L • — • •
M — —
N — •
O — — —
P • — — •
Q — — • —
R • — •
S • • •
T —
U • • —
V • • • —
W • — —
X — • • —
Y — • — —
Z — — • •

Numbers
1 • — — — —
2 • • — — —
3 • • • — —
4 • • • • —
5 • • • • •
6 — • • • •
7 — — • • •
8 — — — • •
9 — — — — •
0 — — — — —

Resources

• How Does Morse Code Work? (video)
• International Morse Code (website)

Leader Tips

• Let Scouts choose a signaling method they can use easily.
• Give them time to practice their names before the full message.
• Pair Scouts so one can send while the other receives.
• Focus on clear timing and accurate messages instead of speed.

Requirement 3b: American Sign Language

What You Need To Do

Describe American Sign Language and how people use it today. Spell your first name with ASL fingerspelling, then send or receive a message of six to 10 words.

Helpful Tips

• American Sign Language is usually called ASL.
• ASL is a visual language used by many Deaf and hard-of-hearing people.
• It uses hand shapes, movements, body position, and facial expressions.
• ASL has its own grammar and sentence structure.
• Fingerspelling uses hand shapes for letters of the alphabet.
• Names are often fingerspelled.
• Practice each letter of your first name before spelling the full name.
• Keep your hand steady and make each letter clear.
• Choose a simple message with six to 10 words.
• Practice the signs in the message before sending it.
• Watch the signer’s hands, face, and movements when receiving a message.
• Use a reliable ASL resource to check unfamiliar signs.

Resources

• American Sign Language Translator: Put in words and see how to spell them (website)
• Learn ASL Alphabet (video)
• A Few Things To Know About American Sign Language (video)

Leader Tips

• Use clear pictures or videos from a reliable ASL source.
• Give Scouts time to practice fingerspelling with a partner.
• Let Scouts repeat a sign or message when needed.
• Focus on respectful use of ASL and clear communication.

Requirement 4a: What Semaphore Is

What You Need To Do

Give a brief explanation of semaphore. Cover why it is used, how it works, and where people use it.

Helpful Tips

• Semaphore sends messages by using two flags.
• The signaler holds one flag in each hand.
• Different arm positions represent different letters.
• The receiver watches the flag positions and records the letters.
• Semaphore works best when the signaler and receiver can see each other clearly.
• It can be useful when speech is hard to hear.
• It has been used at sea, on land, and during Scout activities.
• Bright flag colors make the signals easier to see.
• Clear arm positions are more important than speed.

Resources

• Semaphore (video)
• Semaphore Chart (photo)
• How To Use Semaphore Flags in a Treasure Hunt (video)

Leader Tips

• Show Scouts a semaphore alphabet chart.
• Let them try a few letters before discussing the full system.
• Ask where visual signaling could be useful.
• Focus on the basic purpose and use of semaphore.

Requirement 4b: Semaphore Flags and Nautical Flags

What You Need To Do

Describe the difference between semaphore flags and nautical flags. Focus on how each type of flag sends a message.

Helpful Tips

• Semaphore uses two flags held by a person.
• The position of the flags represents a letter.
• The same pair of flags can be used for the whole alphabet.
• Nautical flags have different colors and patterns.
• Each nautical flag represents a letter or number.
• Some nautical flags also have a special meaning.
• Nautical flags are usually flown from a ship or line.
• Semaphore flags move from position to position.
• Nautical flags keep their meaning based on their design.
• Both systems send visual messages over a distance.

Here are examples of nautical flags and what they mean:

• A (Alpha) – White and blue; “I have a diver down. Keep well clear.”
• B (Bravo) – Solid red; “I am carrying or loading dangerous cargo.”
• C (Charlie) – Blue, white, red (vertical stripes); “Yes” or “Affirmative.”
• D (Delta) – Yellow and blue (horizontal stripes); “Keep clear. I am maneuvering with difficulty.”
• E (Echo) – Red with a blue square; “I am altering my course to starboard (right).”
• F (Foxtrot) – White with red diamond; “I am disabled. Communicate with me.”
• G (Golf) – Blue and yellow vertical stripes; “I need a pilot.”
• H (Hotel) – White and red vertical halves; “I have a pilot on board.”
• I (India) – Yellow with a black circle; “I am altering my course to port (left).”
• J (Juliet) – Blue, white, and red (horizontal stripes); “I am on fire and carrying dangerous goods. Stay clear.”
• K (Kilo) – Yellow and blue (divided diagonally); “I wish to communicate.”
• L (Lima) – Yellow and black checkered; “Stop your ship immediately.”
• M (Mike) – Blue with a white X; “My ship is stopped and not moving.”
• N (November) – Blue and white checkered; Used with Charlie for “No” or “Negative.”
• O (Oscar) – Yellow and red (diagonal); “Man overboard.”
• P (Papa) – Blue with white square center; “All personnel return to ship.” (Harbor use)
• Q (Quebec) – Solid yellow; “My ship is healthy. I request free pratique (entry to port).”
• R (Romeo) – Red with yellow cross; No special meaning in International Code, but used for port operations.
• S (Sierra) – White with blue square center; “I am moving astern (backing up).”
• T (Tango) – Red, white, and blue (vertical stripes); “Keep clear. I am trawling.”
• U (Uniform) – Red and white quarters; “You are running into danger.”
• V (Victor) – White with red X; “I require assistance.”
• W (Whiskey) – Blue with white square center; “I require medical assistance.”
• X (X-ray) – White with blue cross; “Stop what you’re doing and wait for instructions.”
• Y (Yankee) – Yellow and red diagonal stripes; “I am dragging my anchor.”
• Z (Zulu) – Blue, yellow, red, black triangles; “I require a tug.”

Resources

• How To Read Signal Flags! (video)
• Nautical Flag Word Search Activity (video)
• Crack the Code of NATO’s Flag Signals (video)

Leader Tips

• Place a semaphore chart beside a nautical flag chart.
• Let Scouts compare the two systems.
• Use real flags when possible.
• Ask Scouts to describe the differences in their own words.

Requirement 4c: Use Semaphore and Identify Nautical Flags

What You Need To Do

Spell your first name and send or receive a six- to 10-word message with semaphore. Then use pictures or drawings to identify 10 nautical flags and discuss why the flags are important.

Helpful Tips

• Practice the semaphore letters in your first name first.
• Hold one flag in each hand.
• Face the receiver directly.
• Keep each arm position clear.
• Pause between letters so the receiver can follow the message.
• Choose a simple message with six to 10 words.
• Send the message slowly and focus on accuracy.
• Use pictures or drawings for the 10 nautical flags.
• Include each flag’s name or letter.
• Include the meaning of each flag.
• The Alpha flag warns of a diver in the water.
• The Oscar flag means a person is overboard.
• The Victor flag means assistance is needed.
• The Whiskey flag means medical assistance is needed.
• Nautical flags help ships share safety information without speaking.

Leader Tips

• Pair Scouts so one sends and one receives the semaphore message.
• Let Scouts practice before completing the full message.
• Provide a nautical flag chart for reference.
• Ask how each selected flag could help prevent danger or bring help.

Requirement 5a: Read Braille

What You Need To Do

Describe how braille works and how people with vision loss use it to read and communicate. Identify the braille letters in your name, then decode a message of at least six words.

Helpful Tips

• Braille uses raised dots arranged in small cells.
• Each braille cell can have up to six dots.
• The dots are arranged in two columns and three rows.
• Different dot patterns represent letters, numbers, and symbols.
• Braille can be read by touch with the fingertips.
• It can also be read by sight when practicing from a chart.
• Use a braille alphabet chart to find the letters in your name.
• Check each dot pattern before moving to the next letter.
• Decode the six-word message one letter at a time.
• Leave spaces between words as you write the decoded message.
• Raised braille appears on books, signs, labels, and other materials.
• Refreshable braille displays can create raised dots from digital text.

Braille Dot Patterns

• a: dot 1
• b: dots 1 and 2
• c: dots 1 and 4
• d: dots 1, 4, and 5
• e: dots 1 and 5
• f: dots 1, 2, and 4
• g: dots 1, 2, 4, and 5
• h: dots 1, 2, and 5
• i: dots 2 and 4
• j: dots 2, 4, and 5
• k: dots 1 and 3
• l: dots 1, 2, and 3
• m: dots 1, 3, and 4
• n: dots 1, 3, 4, and 5
• o: dots 1, 3, and 5
• p: dots 1, 2, 3, and 4
• q: dots 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
• r: dots 1, 2, 3, and 5
• s: dots 2, 3, and 4
• t: dots 2, 3, 4, and 5
• u: dots 1, 3, and 6
• v: dots 1, 2, 3, and 6
• w: dots 2, 4, 5, and 6
• x: dots 1, 3, 4, and 6
• y: dots 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6
• z: dots 1, 3, 5, and 6 

Resources

• The Story of Reading Braille (video)
• Write and Read Braille (video)

Leader Tips

• Give Scouts a clear braille alphabet chart.
• Provide raised braille samples when possible.
• Let Scouts work slowly through each letter and word.
• Focus on accurate reading instead of speed.

Requirement 5b: Create a Braille Message

What You Need To Do

Create a braille message with at least six words. Share the completed message with your counselor.

Helpful Tips

• Choose a short message with at least six words.
• Write the regular text first.
• Count the words before making the braille version.
• Use a braille alphabet chart for each letter.
• Keep each braille cell separate and easy to read.
• Leave clear spaces between words.
• Check each letter against the chart.
• Read the message again after it is complete.
• Braille dots can be drawn for sight reading.
• Raised dots can be made with braille tools or other suitable materials.
• Work from left to right when reading the finished message.
• Keep a copy of the regular text to check your work.

Leader Tips

• Check the word count before the Scout begins.
• Let the Scout choose a message with simple words.
• Provide tools or materials for making clear braille cells.
• Have the Scout compare the finished message with the original text.

Requirement 6a: Sound-Only Signals

What You Need To Do

Describe six sound-only signals used today. Compare the benefits and limits of sound signals with other types of signals.

Helpful Tips

• A sound-only signal sends a message without using a visual sign.
• Emergency sirens warn people about danger.
• Police, fire, and ambulance sirens warn traffic to move aside.
• Train horns warn drivers and pedestrians near railroad crossings.
• Boat horns help vessels communicate when visibility is poor.
• Fire alarms warn people to leave a building.
• Car horns warn others about danger or get attention.
• Sound can travel when people cannot see each other.
• Sound can reach people in darkness, fog, or heavy brush.
• Loud noise, wind, or distance can make sound signals hard to hear.
• People with hearing loss may not receive a sound signal.
• Visual signals work better when silence is needed.
• Sound signals do not require a clear line of sight.
• The best signal depends on the place, distance, and situation.

Resources

• How To Use Sound Signaling Devices on a Boat (video)
• Ship Whistle Signals Explained—Fog, Anchor, Warnings (video)
• Musical Communication in the Navy (video)

Leader Tips

• Ask Scouts to find sound signals they hear in daily life.
• Compare several situations where sound or visual signals would work best.
• Let Scouts discuss both benefits and limits.
• Focus on choosing the right signal for the situation.

Requirement 6b: Silent Scout Signals

What You Need To Do

Demonstrate six silent Scout signals. Use the signals to direct the movements and actions of your patrol or troop.

Helpful Tips

• Silent Scout signals use hand and arm movements instead of words.
• Everyone in the group needs to see the person giving the signal.
• Clear and steady movements make signals easier to follow.
• A raised hand is commonly used to call for attention and quiet.
• Direction signals can guide a group where to move.
• Stop signals can halt a patrol or troop.
• Sit and stand signals can control group movement without speaking.
• Gathering signals can bring Scouts together in one place.
• Practice each signal before directing the group.
• Hold a signal long enough for Scouts to see it.
• Make sure the group responds before giving the next signal.
• Use the signals in a real patrol or troop setting.
• Pick signals suited to the group and activity.

Here are some common silent signals and what they mean:

• Hand raised straight up – Stop and stay quiet
• Arm extended forward, palm down, move hand downward – Sit down
• Arm extended forward, palm up, move hand upward – Stand up
• Arm pointing in a direction – Go that way
• Hand making a circular motion above head – Gather in close or form a circle
• Pointing to eyes, then to another person or object – Look over there

Resources

• Silent Scout Signals (website)
• Scout Silent Hand Signals (PDF)

Leader Tips

• Review the six signals before the Scout directs the group.
• Give the Scout enough space to be seen by everyone.
• Let the Scout lead a short movement activity using only silent signals.
• Focus on clear signals and group response.

Requirement 7: Trail Sign Hike

What You Need To Do

Create a trail at least one mile long for your patrol or troop to follow. Use at least six different trail signs or markers, then remove or return the markers after the hike.

Helpful Tips

• Plan the full route before placing any trail signs.
• Choose a safe area suited for the patrol or troop.
• Make sure the trail covers at least one mile.
• Use at least six different types of signs or markers.
• Arrows can show the direction to travel.
• Stones, sticks, leaves, or marks in dirt can form trail signs.
• Place each sign where Scouts can find it without damaging the area.
• Avoid moving plants or disturbing animal homes.
• Make the signs clear enough to guide the group.
• Keep the route away from unsafe areas.
• After the group finishes, walk the trail again.
• Remove all signs you added.
• Return sticks, stones, and other natural items to their original places.
• Follow the Leave No Trace Seven Principles and the Outdoor Code during cleanup.

Resources

• Leave No Trace (website)
• Outdoor Code (website)
• Tracking Signs (PDF)
• Understanding the Debate on Rock Cairns: Environmental Impact and Folklore Explained (video)

Leader Tips

• Review the route for safety before the activity begins.
• Let the Scout plan and place the trail markers.
• Have the patrol or troop follow the trail without extra directions.
• Check the cleanup afterward so the area is left as it was found.

Requirement 8a: Sports Official Signals

What You Need To Do

Demonstrate five hand signals used by sports officials. Give the meaning of each signal and why officials use it.

Helpful Tips

• Sports officials use hand signals during games and matches.
• The signals help players, coaches, and spectators follow each call.
• Visual signals work well in loud places.
• A football touchdown signal uses both arms raised straight up.
• A basketball traveling signal uses fists rotated around each other.
• A baseball safe signal uses both arms extended to the sides.
• A soccer direct free kick signal uses one arm pointed forward.
• A volleyball double contact signal uses two raised fingers.
• Pick five signals from sports you can demonstrate clearly.
• Use the correct movement for each signal.
• Include the meaning of every signal.
• Include why the signal is useful during the game.

Resources

• Soccer Referee Hand Signals (video)
• Basketball Referee Penalties and Signals (video)
• How To Know What the Referee Is Signaling While Watching Football (video)

Leader Tips

• Let the Scout choose familiar sports when possible.
• Use official signal charts for accurate movements.
• Have the Scout demonstrate each signal clearly.
• Ask how the signal helps people follow the action.

Requirement 8b: Heavy Equipment Signals

What You Need To Do

Demonstrate five hand signals used around heavy equipment. Give the meaning of each signal and why workers use it.

Helpful Tips

• Heavy equipment can be loud and hard to see around.
• Hand signals help operators and spotters work together.
• The operator needs a clear view of the person giving signals.
• A stop signal tells the operator to stop movement.
• A forward signal directs the machine ahead.
• A reverse signal directs the machine backward.
• A raise signal directs a load upward.
• A lower signal directs a load downward.
• The spotter should stand in a safe place.
• Signals should be large and easy to see.
• The operator and spotter should use the same set of signals.
• Clear signals can help prevent crashes and injuries.

Resources

• Basic Hand Signals for Heavy Equipment Operators (video)
• Cascadia Tech Excavator Hand Signal (video)

Leader Tips

• Use a trusted safety chart for the selected signals.
• Keep all practice away from moving heavy equipment.
• Let the Scout demonstrate as a spotter.
• Focus on clear movements and safe positioning.

Requirement 8c: Aircraft Carrier Crew Signals

What You Need To Do

Demonstrate five signals used by an aircraft carrier catapult crew. Give the meaning of each signal and why the crew uses it.

Helpful Tips

• Aircraft carrier flight decks are very loud.
• Crew members use large visual signals instead of spoken commands.
• Signals help pilots and deck crews work together.
• A start engine signal uses a circular arm motion.
• A wing signal can direct the pilot to spread or fold the wings.
• A brake signal can direct the pilot to hold the aircraft in place.
• A chock signal can direct ground crew around the aircraft wheels.
• A launch signal tells the crew when the aircraft is ready to be sent forward.
• Crew members need clear views of each other.
• Every person must follow the signals in the correct order.
• The signals support safe and organized flight deck work.
• Use accurate pictures or videos when practicing the signals.

Resources

• Aircraft Carrier’s Crew Hand Signals Explained—Preflight and Launch (video)

Leader Tips

• Use reliable military or aviation sources for signal examples.
• Give the Scout room to make large arm movements.
• Practice the sequence without equipment or aircraft.
• Focus on the meaning and purpose of each signal.

Requirement 8d: Cyclist Hand Signals

What You Need To Do

Demonstrate five signals used by cyclists. Give the meaning of each signal and why riders use it.

Helpful Tips

• Cyclists use hand signals to show what they plan to do.
• Drivers, pedestrians, and other cyclists can see these signals.
• A left turn signal uses the left arm straight out.
• A right turn may use the right arm straight out.
• Another right turn signal uses the left arm bent upward.
• A stop signal uses the left arm bent downward.
• A slowing signal can use a downward arm motion.
• A rider can point toward a pothole or other road hazard.
• Give each signal before making the move.
• Check traffic before turning or changing position.
• Keep control of the bicycle while using one hand.
• Practice in a safe place before using signals near traffic.
• Local traffic laws can affect which signals cyclists should use.

Resources

• How To Use Hand Signals While Cycling | Essential Group Ride Communication for Bike Riders (video)

Leader Tips

• Use a safe area away from traffic for practice.
• Let the Scout demonstrate while standing before riding.
• Check local laws when reviewing bicycle signals.
• Focus on clear signals and safe bike control.

Requirement 8e: Another Activity

What You Need To Do

Choose an activity with your counselor and demonstrate five signals used in it. Give the meaning of each signal and why people use it.

Helpful Tips

• Choose an activity with a clear set of hand or visual signals.
• Good choices may include swimming, scuba diving, marching bands, lifeguarding, or airport ground crews.
• Pick an activity with at least five useful signals.
• Use reliable sources to find the correct movements.
• Demonstrate each signal clearly.
• Give the meaning of every signal.
• Include the purpose of each signal.
• Some signals warn about danger.
• Others give directions or control movement.
• Many signals work well in loud places.
• Some signals work when speaking is not possible.
• Practice all five before meeting with your counselor.

Leader Tips

• Help the Scout choose an activity with a standard signal system.
• Check the source used for the signals.
• Let the Scout practice before the demonstration.
• Focus on accurate movements and clear meanings.

Requirement 9: Everyday Symbols

What You Need To Do

Share 10 symbols used in everyday life. Create your own symbol and give its meaning.

Helpful Tips

• Symbols use pictures, shapes, colors, or marks to share a message.
• Many symbols can be recognized quickly.
• A stop sign tells drivers to stop.
• A recycling symbol marks items or places for recycling.
• An exit symbol shows a way out.
• A restroom symbol marks a restroom.
• A no smoking symbol shows where smoking is not allowed.
• A first aid symbol marks medical help or supplies.
• A power symbol appears on many electronic devices.
• A wheelchair symbol marks accessible places or services.
• A poison warning label alerts to harmful chemicals
• A heart symbol is often used to show care or health
• Choose 10 symbols you see in daily life.
• Give the meaning of each symbol.
• Make your own symbol simple and easy to recognize.
• Choose a clear message for your symbol before drawing it.

Leader Tips

• Ask the Scout to collect examples from several places.
• Let the Scout describe each symbol before giving extra help.
• Encourage a simple design for the new symbol.
• Ask how the design helps people get the message quickly.

Requirement 9a: Traffic Signs

What You Need To Do

Show 10 examples of traffic signs. Give the meaning of each sign.

Helpful Tips

• Traffic signs give rules, warnings, and directions.
• A stop sign means come to a full stop.
• A yield sign means give the right of way when needed.
• A speed limit sign shows the highest legal speed.
• A no U-turn sign bans U-turns.
• A pedestrian crossing sign warns about people crossing.
• A school crossing sign warns about children near a school.
• A slippery when wet sign warns about reduced traction.
• A merge sign warns about traffic joining a lane.
• A deer crossing sign warns about animals near the road.
• A railroad crossing sign warns about train tracks ahead.
• Use pictures or drawings of the 10 signs.
• Give the meaning of each one.
• Include several types of traffic signs when possible.

Resources

• Understanding Road Signs || Traffic Signs (video)
• Learning Traffic Signs/Road Signs With Their Meanings (video)

Leader Tips

• Use signs the Scout may see near home or school.
• Ask the Scout to sort the signs by rules, warnings, or directions.
• Let the Scout give the meaning before checking the answer.
• Focus on how each sign helps people stay safe.

Requirement 9b: Topographical Map Symbols

What You Need To Do

Use a topographical map to describe the map legend and why it is important. Find 10 symbols on the map and give the meaning of each one.

Helpful Tips

• A map legend explains the symbols used on a map.
• The legend may also explain colors and line styles.
• Always check the legend for the map being used.
• Contour lines show the shape and height of the land.
• Closely spaced contour lines show steeper ground.
• Blue lines often show streams or rivers.
• Blue shapes often show lakes or ponds.
• Dashed lines may show trails.
• Solid lines may show roads.
• Small squares or rectangles may show buildings.
• Green areas may show woods or other vegetation.
• Railroad symbols mark rail lines.
• Find 10 symbols that appear on the actual map.
• Use the legend to check the meaning of each symbol.

Resources

• How To Read a Topo Map (video)

Leader Tips

• Use a real topographical map with a clear legend.
• Let the Scout find symbols directly on the map.
• Ask how the symbols could help with trip planning.
• Keep the discussion tied to the map being used.

Requirement 9c: Text Symbols and Emoticons

What You Need To Do

Discuss why people use text-message symbols. Share 10 favorite symbols or emoticons, then ask a parent, guardian, or counselor to identify each one.

Helpful Tips

• Text symbols can share feelings or ideas quickly.
• Emoticons use keyboard characters.
• Emojis use small pictures.
• A smiley face can show happiness.
• A sad face can show sadness.
• A wink can show joking or playfulness.
• A heart can show care or affection.
• A surprised face can show shock.
• A neutral face can show little emotion.
• A confused face can show doubt or uncertainty.
• Meanings can change between people or groups.
• The same symbol may have more than one meaning.
• Choose 10 symbols you use or recognize.
• Show them without giving the answers first.
• Compare the other person’s answers with your meanings.

Here are common text symbols and emoticons:

• 🙂 – Happy 😊
• 🙁 – Sad 😢
• 😉 – Wink 😉
• 😀 – Big smile 😄
• 😛 – Sticking out tongue 😛
• <3 – Heart ❤️
• XD – Laughing 😆
• :O – Surprise or shock 😮
• :/ – Unsure or mixed feelings 😕
• 😐 – No emotion or neutral 😐

Resources

• What Do Emojis Mean? | Understanding Emoji Meanings and Usage (video)

Leader Tips

• Let the Scout choose symbols familiar to them.
• Avoid giving clues before the other person answers.
• Compare any different meanings after the test.
• Focus on how symbols can help or confuse communication.

Requirement 10: Create a Secret Code

What You Need To Do

Briefly discuss the history of cryptography. Create your own secret code, use it to write a message of up to 25 words, and test the code with another person before discussing it with your counselor.

Helpful Tips

• Cryptography is the use of codes or ciphers to hide information.
• People have used secret writing for thousands of years.
• Ancient groups used letter changes and hidden writing.
• The Caesar cipher shifts each letter to another place in the alphabet.
• Secret codes have been used by armies, governments, and spies.
• Modern encryption helps protect passwords and private information.
• A code key gives the rules needed to read the message.
• Your code can replace letters, numbers, words, or symbols.
• Keep the pattern simple enough for someone to use with the key.
• Write a message with no more than 25 words.
• Give the coded message to a friend or fellow Scout.
• See how easily the person can use the code or solve the message.
• Bring the coded message and the code key to your counselor.
• Discuss which parts worked well and which parts made the code easier to break.

Resources

• A Short History of Codes (video)
• Cryptography: The Vigenere Cipher (video)
• The History of Crypto Goes Further Back Than You Think (video)

Leader Tips

• Let the Scout create the code without giving a full system to copy.
• Encourage a clear key so the code can be tested.
• Ask how well the friend could use or solve the code.
• Focus on what made the code effective or weak.

Morse Code Interpreter Strip

The Morse Code interpreter strip is a patch Scouts and leaders can wear to show they can send and receive Morse Code. It is open to everyone in Scouting and does not require a specific rank or age. Scouts must practice and show their skills, but there is no official form or approval process.

Scouts working on the Signs, Signals, and Codes merit badge may also enjoy earning this strip. It builds on what they learn in the badge and gives them another way to use Morse Code. It encourages patience, focus, and independent learning in a simple and fun way.

Secret Codes for Scouts

Secret codes help Scouts build communication and thinking skills. They turn learning into a game. Scouts can try Pig Latin, Ubbi Dubbi, or Morse Code. Each one has simple rules and can be used during meetings, hikes, or campouts. Scouts can also create their own codes, which helps with teamwork and creativity.

This activity connects well with the Signs, Signals, and Codes merit badge. Scouts practice sending messages in fun and different ways. They also build problem-solving and listening skills. These codes encourage Scouts to pay attention and work together while having fun and learning something new.

More Merit Badge Resources

The Signs, Signals, and Codes merit badge helps Scouts learn how people send messages in many different ways. It fits well in the merit badge program because it teaches communication, observation, and clear thinking. Scouts study symbols, gestures, codes, and simple signaling methods. This adds a practical and interesting topic to the wide range of merit badges and shows that Scouting includes many ways to understand and share information.

This badge also connects to others that explore communication and problem-solving. A Scout who enjoys Signs, Signals, and Codes might also try Communication, Orienteering, or Citizenship in the Community. These badges help Scouts see how clear messages support teamwork and understanding. The variety gives them many options to explore.

Learn More about Scouts BSA

The Signs, Signals, and Codes merit badge supports the larger Scouts BSA program by building attention to detail, patience, and steady practice. Scouts learn to watch closely, think before acting, and follow steps. These habits support leadership and personal development.

It also supports citizenship. Scouts see how good communication helps groups stay organized and safe. They learn that clear signals and respectful behavior strengthen their troop and community.

What is the Signs, Signals, and Codes merit badge about?

This merit badge teaches Scouts how people communicate without speaking. It covers things like Morse code, American Sign Language, trail signs, and secret codes.

Do I have to learn Morse code for the Signs, Signals, and Codes merit badge?

Yes. You will learn how to spell your name using Morse code and send or receive a short message.

Is American Sign Language part of the requirements?

Yes. You will spell your name using ASL and send or receive a short message. You do not have to learn full sentences.

What is semaphore?

Semaphore is a system that uses two flags. You hold them in different positions to stand for letters. You will practice using it as part of this merit badge.

What are trail signs?

Trail signs are marks made with sticks, stones, or drawings to guide others. You will make a one-mile trail using at least six different signs.

Do I have to hike for this badge?

Yes, for the trail sign activity. You will set up a trail at least one mile long for your patrol or troop.

Do I need to know the braille alphabet?

Yes. You will learn to read and write short messages using braille. You can do this by sight or touch.

Is this badge hard?

It takes practice, but most Scouts can finish it with time and effort. It’s a fun way to learn about communication.

Can I do the Signs, Signals, and Codes merit badge with my patrol?

Yes. Many parts of the badge are fun to do in a group, like silent signals and trail signs. However, Scouts must complete requirements individually.

Who can teach this merit badge?

A registered merit badge counselor. Ask your Scoutmaster to help you find one.

The Signs, Signals, and Codes merit badge is all about learning how to share information without talking. Scouts discover how people use hand signals, symbols, and codes in different places and for different reasons. These skills help with safety, teamwork, and understanding others. From sending messages with flags to spotting warning signs on the road, this badge teaches clear and quiet communication.

Scouts get hands-on practice with Morse code, American Sign Language, braille, semaphore, and trail signs. They learn how to give and follow instructions using simple tools like sticks, flags, and hand movements. Some activities are just for fun, while others help Scouts learn skills used in real jobs or emergencies.

There’s also a creative side. Scouts make their own secret codes and symbols. They get to test them with friends and talk about how well they work. The Signs, Signals, and Codes merit badge is great for Scouts who enjoy puzzles, games, and learning how things work behind the scenes.

This badge helps Scouts build strong skills in observation, leadership, and problem-solving. It also helps them notice how people around them are always using signs, even when they aren’t saying a word. Whether you’re on a hike, in a crowd, or just texting a friend, the skills you learn in this badge will come in handy.