Orienteering Merit Badge

Free Resources and Answers

Time: 2–4 weeks
Difficulty: Moderate
Setting: Outdoor, field courses
Best For: Scouts interested in navigation, hiking, problem solving
Hands-On Level: High
Requires Camping/Travel: No
Eagle Required: No

The Orienteering merit badge teaches Scouts how to find their way using a map and compass. You will learn how to read maps, understand directions, and move across different types of land. These are skills you can use on hikes, campouts, and outdoor trips. As you practice, you will start to feel more confident making decisions about where to go.

You will spend a lot of time outside while working on this badge. You will walk, and sometimes move faster, as you look for checkpoints along a course. You will also learn how to measure distance by counting your steps. These simple methods help you stay on track, even when there are no signs or trails.

This badge also helps you think ahead and solve problems. You will plan routes, adjust when things do not go as expected, and learn from each course you complete. Many Scouts enjoy the challenge and the chance to work with others. By the end, you will have strong navigation skills and a better understanding of the outdoors.

Orienteering Merit Badge Requirements

Orienteering Merit Badge Pamphlet

Orienteering Merit Badge Printable Requirements Check Off Sheet

Printable checkoff sheet for all Scouts BSA merit badges

Help with Answers for the Orienteering Merit Badge

Find specific helps for the Orienteering merit badge requirements listed on this page. Some of these resources will just give the answers. Others will provide engaging ways for older Scouts to introduce these concepts to new Scouts.

• Requirement 1: Hazards and First Aid
• Requirement 2: Definition
• Requirement 3: Using a Compass
• Requirement 4: Topographic Maps
• Requirement 5: Paces
• Requirement 6: Controls
• Requirement 7: Orienteering Events
• Requirement 8: Event Setup
• Requirement 9: Officiating
• Requirement 10: Teach
• Additional Resources

Requirement 1: Hazards And First Aid

What You Need To Do
Show that you know basic first aid for common outdoor injuries. Explain why it is important to recognize poisonous plants and animals in your area.

Helpful Tips

• Learn how to clean and cover small cuts and scratches right away.
• Carry moleskin or bandages to protect blisters before they get worse.
• Stay calm and get help fast if there is a snakebite. Keep the person still.
• Remove stingers and cool insect stings with a cold cloth or ice pack.
• Check your body for ticks after being outdoors and remove them carefully.
• Drink water often so you do not get dehydrated. Do not wait until you feel thirsty.
• Wear sunscreen and a hat to prevent sunburn and heat problems.
• Dress in layers so you can stay warm and dry in cold weather.

Leader Tips

• Give Scouts a chance to practice basic first aid skills.
• Use simple scenarios so they can think through what to do.
• Review local plants and animals they might see in your area.
• Keep the focus on safety and quick action in the field.

Requirement 2: Definition

What You Need To Do
Explain what orienteering is in your own words. Show that you understand how maps, a compass, and movement all work together.

Helpful Tips

• Orienteering is finding your way using a map and compass.
• You move from one checkpoint to another.
• The checkpoints are marked on a map.
• You use a compass to know which direction to go.
• Plan your route before you start moving.
• You may walk, jog, or run during a course.
• Use an example, like finding points in a park or camp.

Leader Tips

• Ask Scouts to explain it in their own words, not memorize it.
• Have them point to a map while they explain.
• Use a simple course to show how it works.
• Keep the focus on basic understanding, not perfect wording.

Requirement 3a: How A Compass Works

What You Need To Do
Explain how a compass works and name the main parts of an orienteering compass. Show that you understand what each part does.

Helpful Tips

• A compass needle is a small magnet that points toward north.
• The Earth has a magnetic field that makes the needle move.
• Hold the compass flat so the needle can settle.
• The baseplate is clear and helps you measure distance on a map.
• The housing holds the needle and has a rotating dial with directions.
• The direction of travel arrow shows which way to walk.
• Some compasses allow adjustment for declination.
• Some markings glow so you can read them in low light.

Leader Tips

• Let Scouts handle real compasses while they explain.
• Ask them to point to each part as they name it.
• Keep the focus on simple understanding, not technical detail.
• Check that they know how to hold and read the compass.

Requirement 3b: Take And Follow A Bearing

What You Need To Do
Show how to take a compass bearing and follow it in the field.

Helpful Tips

• Hold the compass flat in front of you.
• Turn until the needle lines up with north on the dial.
• Set the desired bearing using the rotating dial.
• Keep the needle lined up as you move.
• Follow the direction of travel arrow.
• Pick a landmark ahead and walk toward it.
• Check your compass often to stay on course.
• Move in a straight line as much as possible.

Leader Tips

• Set up a short course for practice.
• Watch how Scouts hold and read the compass.
• Give quick corrections while they are moving.
• Encourage repetition so they build confidence.

Requirement 4a: Terrain Features

What You Need To Do
Show how a topographic map shows land features. Identify at least five features on a map and in the field.

Helpful Tips

• Contour lines show the shape of the land.
• Close lines mean steep ground.
• Wide spacing means gentle slopes.
• Circles of lines show a hill.
• U-shaped lines often show a valley.
• V-shaped lines can show a ridge or stream direction.
• Look for water features like streams and rivers.
• Match what you see on the map with what you see around you.

Leader Tips

• Use a real map and walk the area if possible.
• Point out features in both the map and the field.
• Keep examples simple and easy to recognize.
• Check that Scouts can match map to ground.

Requirement 4b: Map Symbols

What You Need To Do
Identify and name at least 10 symbols on a topographic map.

Helpful Tips

• Learn symbols for roads and trails.
• Know how buildings are shown on a map.
• Recognize water features like rivers and lakes.
• Look for forest areas marked in green.
• Understand contour lines as a key symbol.
• Notice symbols for open land or parks.
• Study a map legend to learn meanings.
• Practice by pointing out symbols on a real map.

Leader Tips

• Provide maps with clear legends.
• Have Scouts point out symbols as a group.
• Use repetition to help them remember.
• Keep the focus on common symbols.

Requirement 4c: Declination

What You Need To Do
Explain what declination is and why it matters when using a map and compass.

Helpful Tips

• Declination is the difference between true north and magnetic north.
• A compass points to magnetic north.
• Maps are usually based on true north.
• This difference can change your direction.
• Adjusting for declination keeps your route accurate.
• Small errors can lead you far off course.
• Check the declination for your area before starting.
• Use a compass that allows adjustment if possible.
• Read more about magnetic declination.

Leader Tips

• Show the difference using a simple diagram.
• Let Scouts practice adjusting for declination.
• Keep the explanation short and clear.
• Focus on why it matters in real use.

Requirement 4d: North-South Lines

What You Need To Do
Show a topographic map with magnetic north-south lines.

Helpful Tips

• Look for straight lines running up and down the map.
• These lines help you align your compass.
• They are often spaced evenly across the map.
• Use them to keep your direction correct.
• Match these lines with your compass needle.
• Practice lining up the map with your compass.
• Keep the map flat while doing this.
• Check alignment before you start moving.

Leader Tips

• Use maps that clearly show grid lines.
• Demonstrate how to align map and compass.
• Let Scouts try it several times.
• Watch for correct hand placement.

Requirement 4e: Measure Distance

What You Need To Do
Show how to measure distance on a map using a compass.

Helpful Tips

• Find the map scale first.
• Place the edge of the compass along your route.
• Mark the start and end points.
• Compare that length to the scale.
• Convert the map distance to real distance.
• Use the same method each time for accuracy.
• Practice with short distances first.
• Check your results by pacing in the field.

Leader Tips

• Give simple routes for practice.
• Review how map scales work.
• Check that Scouts use the compass edge correctly.
• Encourage repeated practice.

Requirement 4f: Orient A Map

What You Need To Do
Show how to orient a map using a compass.

Helpful Tips

• Place the map on a flat surface.
• Set the compass on the map.
• Line up the compass edge with north-south lines.
• Turn the dial so north matches the direction arrow.
• Rotate the map and compass together.
• Stop when the needle lines up with north.
• The map now matches the real world.
• Check your map often as you move.

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate slowly step by step.
• Have Scouts follow along with their own maps.
• Watch for correct alignment of needle and lines.
• Practice in an open area first.

Requirement 5: Paces

What You Need To Do
Set up a 100-meter course. Find your walking and running pace. Share why pace counting is useful.

Helpful Tips

• Measure out a clear 100-meter distance.
• Walk the course at a normal pace and count your steps.
• Count one foot only each time it hits the ground.
• Repeat the walk to get a consistent number.
• Run the same course and count again.
• Write down both numbers so you remember them. Use a Personal Measurement Log for Orienteering.
• Use your pace count to estimate distance on a course.
• Compare your pace count to your planned distance to stay on track.

Leader Tips

• Help Scouts measure a safe and accurate 100-meter course.
• Watch that they count steps the same way each time.
• Have them repeat the process to check consistency.
• Discuss how pace count helps with navigation in the field.

Requirement 6a: Control Description Symbols

What You Need To Do
Identify 20 control description symbols and give the meaning of each one.

Helpful Tips

• A circle marks the location of a control point.
• A number shows the order of the controls.
• A line or arrow shows the direction to travel.
• A triangle marks the start of the course.
• A square often shows a man-made feature.
• A dot marks a small, exact location.
• A cross shows a small feature like a post or rock.
• A double circle shows a crossing or junction.
• An X marks a dangerous or out-of-bounds area.
• An oval shows a hollow or depression.
• A broken circle can show a pit or quarry.
• A diamond often shows a small hill or knoll.
• A flag symbol shows a visible marker.
• A cliff symbol shows a steep drop.
• A boulder symbol shows a large rock.
• A footbridge symbol shows a crossing over water.
• A fence symbol shows a barrier or crossing point.
• A water hole symbol shows a small pond.
• A ruin symbol shows remains of a structure.
• A trench symbol shows a narrow ditch.

Leader Tips

• Provide a sample control description sheet.
• Have Scouts match symbols to real features.
• Use repetition to build recognition.
• Keep the focus on common symbols first.

Requirement 6b: Control Description Sheet

What You Need To Do
Show a control description sheet and explain the information on it.

Helpful Tips

• The sheet lists each control in order.
• Each line matches a control number.
• Symbols describe the feature at that control.
• The sheet shows where the control is placed.
• It may include details like height or side of a feature.
• Use the sheet along with your map.
• Check the sheet before leaving each control.
• Keep the sheet easy to read and protected.

Leader Tips

• Give Scouts real sheets to review.
• Walk through one example together.
• Ask Scouts to explain each part.
• Connect the sheet to the map and course.

Requirement 6c: Orienteering Terms

What You Need To Do
Explain key orienteering terms and tell when to use them.

Helpful Tips

• An attack point is a clear feature near your control. Use it to guide your final steps.
• A collecting feature leads you toward your control. Use it to stay on track.
• A catching feature tells you that you went too far. Use it to know when to turn back.
• Aiming off means heading slightly to one side on purpose. Use it near a trail or stream.
• Contouring means moving across a slope at the same height. Use it on steep ground.
• Reading ahead means planning your next moves while walking. Use it to stay prepared.
• A handrail is a long feature like a road or stream. Use it to guide your path.
• Relocation means finding your place again if you are lost. Use it when unsure.
• Rough orienteering uses large features for direction. Use it early in a route.
• Fine orienteering uses small details. Use it near a control point.

Leader Tips

• Use simple examples for each term.
• Practice these during a short course.
• Ask Scouts when they would use each one.
• Focus on real use, not just definitions.

Requirement 7a: Take Part In Events

What You Need To Do
Take part in three orienteering events. One must be a cross-country course.

Helpful Tips

• A cross-country course takes you through fields, woods, or hills.
• Use your map and compass to find each control point.
• Move at a steady pace so you stay accurate.
• Urban orienteering uses streets, parks, and buildings.
• Trail orienteering follows a set path with decision points.
• Score orienteering lets you choose which controls to visit.
• Stay aware of time limits during events.
• Focus on accuracy first, then speed as you improve.

Leader Tips

• Help Scouts find local events or set up simple courses.
• Make sure one course meets the cross-country requirement.
• Encourage safe movement and good navigation habits.
• Observe participation and effort, not just speed.

Requirement 7b: Event Reports

What You Need To Do
After each event, create a report with maps, your route, and ways to improve.

Helpful Tips

• Keep a copy of the map used for the event.
• Include the control description sheet if available.
• Draw the route you followed on the map.
• Think about where you slowed down or made mistakes.
• Write down what you would change next time.
• List your main weaknesses during the course.
• Look at your choices between control points.
• Use each report to improve your next event.

Leader Tips

• Show Scouts an example of a simple report.
• Encourage honest reflection on mistakes.
• Keep reports short and focused.
• Review reports and give helpful feedback.

Requirement 8a: Cross-Country Course Setup

What You Need To Do
Set up a cross-country course at least 2,000 meters long with at least five control markers. Prepare a master map and control description sheet.

Helpful Tips

• Choose a safe area with different types of terrain.
• Measure a course that is at least 2,000 meters long.
• Place at least five control markers along the route.
• Spread controls out so they are not too close together.
• Mark each control clearly so it can be found.
• Create a map that shows all control locations.
• Prepare a control description sheet for each point.
• Walk the course to make sure everything works.

Leader Tips

• Help Scouts measure distance and choose safe locations.
• Check that controls are clearly marked and placed well.
• Review the map and description sheet for accuracy.
• Encourage Scouts to test the course before using it.

Requirement 8b: Score Course Setup

What You Need To Do
Set up a score orienteering course with at least 12 control points and a time limit of at least 60 minutes. Assign point values and prepare a master map and control description sheet.

Helpful Tips

• Choose an area large enough for 12 control points.
• Set a time limit of at least 60 minutes.
• Place controls in different locations and difficulty levels.
• Assign higher points to harder or farther controls.
• Mark each control clearly and securely.
• Create a map showing all control locations.
• Prepare a control description sheet for all points.
• Test the course to make sure it works well.

Leader Tips

• Guide Scouts in choosing fair point values.
• Check that the course fits the time limit.
• Review maps and control sheets for clarity.
• Encourage feedback after testing the course.

Requirement 9: Officiating

What You Need To Do
Serve as an official during an orienteering event. Help run the event and support participants.

Helpful Tips

• Learn the basic rules of the event before it starts.
• Arrive early and be ready with any needed supplies.
• Give clear directions to participants at the start.
• Answer questions in a simple and helpful way.
• Watch that participants follow the course rules.
• Check that controls are used correctly.
• Stay alert and look for safety issues.
• Help keep the event running smoothly from start to finish.

Leader Tips

• Assign clear roles so Scouts know what to do.
• Stay nearby to guide but let them take the lead.
• Focus on communication and safety during the event.
• Give feedback after the event to help them improve.

Requirement 10: Teach

What You Need To Do
Teach basic orienteering skills to your patrol, troop, or crew. Help others learn how to use a map and compass.

Helpful Tips

• Bring maps and compasses for everyone to use.
• Use the EDGE Method.
• Show how to hold and read a compass.
• Show how to match a map to the ground.
• Demonstrate how to take and follow a bearing.
• Set up a short course for practice.
• Let Scouts try the skills right away.
• Watch and give simple corrections as they practice.
• Keep the lesson active so everyone stays involved.
• Run an orienteering scavenger hunt.

Leader Tips

• Let the Scout lead while you support as needed.
• Encourage hands-on practice instead of long talks.
• Watch how well the group understands the skills.
• Give feedback after the session to help them improve.

Orienteering Troop Program Feature for Scouts BSA

The orienteering troop program feature gives you more ways to practice these skills. It includes meeting ideas, games, and outdoor activities. These help you learn in small steps and keep things active. You get to use maps and compasses often, which builds skill through repetition.

This program also introduces different types of courses. You might try simple courses at first, then move to more complex ones. Each activity builds on the last. This makes learning steady and clear. It also helps you stay engaged because each meeting feels different.

National Outdoor Badges Award for Hiking

The National Outdoor Award for hiking rewards time spent outdoors. Orienteering skills help you work toward this award. You use maps and compasses while hiking, which builds both navigation and endurance. These skills support each other in a natural way.

As you hike more, you learn how to plan routes and track distance. Orienteering helps you stay aware of where you are. This makes your hikes safer and more organized. You also build stronger habits for outdoor travel.

Hiking Troop Program Feature for Scouts BSA

The hiking troop program feature helps you prepare for real outdoor trips. It teaches planning, safety, and awareness. Orienteering skills fit right into this program. You learn how to follow routes and adjust when needed.

Hiking in different places helps you read terrain better. You see how maps match the real world. This improves your navigation skills. It also helps you make better choices while moving.

Backpacking Troop Program Feature

Backpacking takes orienteering skills to a higher level. You travel longer distances and carry your gear. Good navigation is very important in these situations. You must plan routes and stay aware at all times.

You use maps and compasses to move through new areas. You also learn to adjust when conditions change. This builds problem-solving skills. It also helps you stay calm when plans need to change.

More Merit Badge Resources

The Orienteering merit badge fits well with many other badges. It connects with hiking, backpacking, and outdoor skills. These all use similar ideas like planning and navigation. This helps you build a strong set of skills.

Working on different badges keeps things interesting. Some focus on outdoor activity, while others focus on different topics. Orienteering adds a hands-on skill to your experience. It gives you a break from classroom-style learning.

Learn More about Scouts BSA

The Orienteering merit badge supports the goals of Scouts BSA. It helps you make good decisions and stay aware of your surroundings. You learn to plan ahead and think through problems. These are useful skills in many parts of life.

You also build fitness by moving across different terrain. Walking, climbing, and navigating all take effort. This helps improve strength and endurance. It also makes outdoor time more enjoyable.

What is the Orienteering Merit Badge?

The Orienteering Merit Badge teaches Scouts how to use a map and compass to find their way. It helps Scouts build confidence outdoors. It also gives them a useful skill they can use on hikes and campouts.

Do I need special gear for the Orienteering Merit Badge?

You only need a good compass and a map of the area. Some courses may provide maps. Dress for the weather and wear sturdy shoes. That is all most Scouts need to get started.

What skills will I learn in the Orienteering Merit Badge?

You will learn how to read a map, set a compass, and follow bearings. You also learn pacing to measure distance. You will practice these skills on real courses. This helps you understand how everything works together.

Do I have to run during the Orienteering Merit Badge?

No. You do not have to run. Many Scouts walk the whole course. The goal is to find each point by using your map and compass. Speed is not required.

How long does the Orienteering Merit Badge take?

Most Scouts finish in a few meetings and outings. It depends on how many courses you complete. The badge requires several events, so it takes some planning.

Can beginners earn the Orienteering Merit Badge?

Yes. The badge is made for beginners. You do not need any experience. You will learn step by step. Leaders and counselors will guide you.

Why is the Orienteering Merit Badge useful?

It helps you feel comfortable outdoors. It teaches you how to find your way even without a phone. These skills are handy for hiking, camping, and other adventures.

Do I need to be in good shape for the Orienteering Merit Badge?

Basic fitness is enough. You will walk on trails and uneven ground. Take your time and drink water. Most Scouts handle it well.

Can the Orienteering Merit Badge be done with friends?

Yes. Many Scouts practice in pairs or small groups. It makes learning more fun. You still need to show your own skills, but you can work together while learning.

Where can I practice for the Orienteering Merit Badge?

Parks and Scout camps often have courses. Some local orienteering clubs set up public events. Ask your counselor for places near you.

The Orienteering Merit Badge helps Scouts learn how to find their way outside with a map and compass. It guides them step by step so they can feel calm and confident on a trail. Scouts practice simple methods like taking bearings, reading symbols, and counting their paces. These skills help them move from one point to another without guessing.

The Orienteering Merit Badge also gives Scouts real outdoor practice. They go on short courses where they must locate marked spots. Each point teaches them how to think ahead and plan their path. Scouts learn to stay aware of their surroundings and stay safe as they travel.

The Orienteering Merit Badge works well for any Scout who enjoys being active. It fits into hikes, campouts, and troop events. It also teaches patience and focus. These skills help Scouts grow as leaders because they learn to solve problems and guide others with care.

The Orienteering Merit Badge is a good choice for beginners. Any Scout can start with simple tasks and build up to full courses. With practice, they discover that navigation is not hard. It just takes a little time and steady effort.