Wilderness Survival

Free Resources and Answers

Time: 1–2 weeks
Difficulty: Challenging
Setting: Outdoor, backcountry
Best For: Scouts interested in survival skills, camping, outdoor adventure
Hands-On Level: High
Requires Camping/Travel: Yes
Eagle Required: No

The Wilderness Survival merit badge helps you learn what to do when things do not go as planned in the outdoors. Whether you are on a hike, a campout, or a backcountry trek, knowing basic survival skills can help you stay safe and make good decisions. This badge teaches practical skills you can use if you become lost, separated from your group, or faced with an unexpected emergency.

As you work on this merit badge, you will learn about the priorities of survival and how to handle common wilderness challenges. You will explore topics such as shelter building, fire starting, signaling for help, finding water, and dealing with hazards. You will also learn how preparation and good judgment can prevent many survival situations from happening in the first place.

One important lesson of this badge is that survival is not just about skills. Your attitude and ability to stay calm are just as important. Through hands-on activities and outdoor experiences, you will practice techniques that build confidence and self-reliance. These skills can help you enjoy outdoor adventures safely while being prepared for the unexpected.

The requirements for the Wilderness Survival merit badge were updated on January 1, 2026.

Download the Wilderness Survival Merit Badge pamphlet requirements

Wilderness Survival Merit Badge Pamphlet

Wilderness Survival Merit Badge Check Off Sheet

Checklist for All Merit Badges

Find specific helps for the Wilderness Survival merit badge requirements listed on this page. Some of these resources will just give the answers. Others will provide engaging ways for older Scouts to introduce these concepts to new Scouts.

• Requirement 1: Hazards and First Aid
• Requirement 2: Priorities for Survival
• Requirement 3: Avoiding Panic
• Requirement 4: First Aid Kits
• Requirement 5: Shelter
• Requirement 6: Fire Building
• Requirement 7: Signaling
• Requirement 8: Water
• Requirement 9: Food
• Requirement 10: Careers
• Additional Resources for Wilderness Survival Merit Badge

Requirement 1a-1: Dehydration

What You Need To Do

Show or describe first aid for dehydration and ways to prevent it while outdoors.

Helpful Tips

• Drink water often during outdoor activities.
• Carry enough water for your trip.
• Refill water bottles when possible.
• Watch for thirst, dry mouth, and dark urine.
• Rest in the shade if you become overheated.
• Replace fluids after heavy sweating.
• Eat meals and snacks during long activities.
• Use water treatment methods when collecting water outdoors.

Resources

• Dehydration: Hiking in the Desert (video)
• Symptoms, and Treatment of Dehydration (website)

Leader Tips

• Use outdoor activities to discuss hydration habits.
• Encourage Scouts to carry water at meetings and outings.
• Review signs of dehydration before hikes.
• Let Scouts practice explaining first aid steps.

Requirement 1a-2: Heatstroke

What You Need To Do

Show or describe first aid for heatstroke and ways to prevent it in hot weather.

Helpful Tips

• Drink water throughout the day.
• Wear light-colored clothing.
• Take breaks in shaded areas.
• Avoid heavy activity during the hottest part of the day.
• Watch for confusion, dizziness, and very high body temperature.
• Move the person to a cooler place.
• Cool the person with water and wet cloths.
• Get emergency medical help right away.

Resources

• Diagnosis and Treatment of Heat Stroke (video)

Leader Tips

• Review heat safety before summer activities.
• Encourage frequent water breaks.
• Point out shaded rest areas during outings.
• Give Scouts chances to practice emergency responses.

Requirement 1a-3: Hypothermia

What You Need To Do

Show or describe first aid for hypothermia and ways to prevent it in cold conditions.

Helpful Tips

• Dress in layers during cold weather.
• Keep clothing dry.
• Wear a hat and gloves when temperatures are low.
• Watch for shivering and slurred speech.
• Move the person to a warm, sheltered area.
• Replace wet clothing with dry clothing.
• Wrap the person in blankets or sleeping bags.
• Give warm drinks if the person is awake and alert.

Resources

• Recognize the “Umbles” and Avoid Hypothermia (video)
• Hypothermia (video)
• Frostbite and Hypothermia (website)

Leader Tips

• Include cold-weather safety in trip planning.
• Check clothing before outdoor activities.
• Discuss weather forecasts with Scouts.
• Practice shelter and warming skills outdoors.

Requirement 1a-4: Shock

What You Need To Do

Show or describe first aid for shock and ways to reduce the risk after an injury or illness.

Helpful Tips

• Call for help when needed.
• Keep the person lying down.
• Keep the person warm with a blanket or jacket.
• Stay calm and speak clearly.
• Watch breathing and responsiveness.
• Do not give food or drinks.
• Treat serious injuries if it is safe to do so.
• Stay with the person until help arrives.

Resources

• Shock (video)
• Shock and Bleeding (video)

Leader Tips

• Use realistic scenarios during first aid practice.
• Encourage Scouts to stay calm during emergencies.
• Review the common signs of shock.
• Let Scouts demonstrate the proper response steps.

Requirement 1a-5: Blisters

What You Need To Do

Show or describe first aid for blisters and ways to prevent them while hiking and camping.

Helpful Tips

• Wear properly fitted footwear.
• Break in new boots before long hikes.
• Keep feet clean and dry.
• Change wet socks quickly.
• Cover hot spots before a blister forms.
• Use moleskin or bandages to protect the area.
• Avoid popping blisters when possible.
• Reduce friction by adjusting footwear and socks.

Resources

• How to Prevent and Treat Blisters (website)

Leader Tips

• Check footwear before long hikes.
• Discuss foot care during trip preparation.
• Encourage Scouts to report hot spots early.
• Provide practice using moleskin and bandages.

Requirement 1a-6: Eye Injuries

What You Need To Do

Show or describe first aid for eye injuries and ways to prevent them during outdoor activities.

Helpful Tips

• Wear safety glasses when needed.
• Keep sticks and branches away from faces.
• Do not rub an injured eye.
• Flush the eye with clean water if dirt enters it.
• Cover the injured eye with a clean dressing if needed.
• Get medical help for serious injuries.
• Use caution when handling tools.
• Protect your eyes around campfires.

Resources

• 5 Ways To Safely Remove Something Stuck In Your Eye (video)

Leader Tips

• Include eye safety during tool demonstrations.
• Review common outdoor eye hazards.
• Let Scouts practice basic first aid procedures.
• Encourage safe behavior around branches and tools.

Requirement 1a-7: Ankle And Knee Sprains

What You Need To Do

Show or describe first aid for ankle and knee sprains and ways to prevent them on the trail.

Helpful Tips

• Wear sturdy footwear.
• Watch where you place your feet.
• Use caution on uneven ground.
• Rest the injured area.
• Apply a cold pack if available.
• Wrap the joint with an elastic bandage.
• Avoid putting weight on a serious sprain.
• Use trekking poles for extra balance on difficult trails.

Resources

• First Aid for Ankle Sprains (video)
• Knee Sprains (website)

Leader Tips

• Point out trail hazards during hikes.
• Encourage proper footwear choices.
• Demonstrate bandaging techniques.
• Give Scouts opportunities to practice first aid skills.

Requirement 1a-8: Chiggers, Ticks, Mosquitoes, And Biting Gnats

What You Need To Do

Show or describe first aid for bites from chiggers, ticks, mosquitoes, and biting gnats. Also describe ways to prevent bites.

Helpful Tips

• Use insect repellent as directed.
• Wear long sleeves and long pants in buggy areas.
• Check your body for ticks after outdoor activities.
• Remove ticks with fine-tipped tweezers.
• Wash the bite area with soap and water.
• Avoid scratching itchy bites.
• Stay on trails when possible.
• Treat clothing with approved insect protection when appropriate.

Resources

• Chiggers 101 (video)
• Preventng and Treating Tick Bites (website)
• Preventing and Treating Mosquito Bites (website)
• Biting Gnats (video)

Leader Tips

• Review insect safety before outings.
• Demonstrate proper tick removal.
• Encourage regular tick checks.
• Discuss local insect hazards in your area.

Requirement 1a-9: Bee Stings

What You Need To Do

Show or describe first aid for bee stings and ways to reduce the risk of being stung.

Helpful Tips

• Stay calm around bees.
• Avoid swatting at flying insects.
• Wear shoes outdoors.
• Remove the stinger quickly if present.
• Wash the area with soap and water.
• Apply a cold pack to reduce swelling.
• Watch for signs of a serious allergic reaction.
• Get emergency help for trouble breathing.

Resources

• How to Treat a Bee Sting (video)

Leader Tips

• Review allergic reaction procedures.
• Ask about sting allergies before outings.
• Demonstrate proper stinger removal.
• Keep emergency plans current.

Requirement 1a-10: Spider Bites

What You Need To Do

Show or describe first aid for spider bites and ways to prevent them.

Helpful Tips

• Shake out shoes and clothing before use.
• Avoid reaching into dark spaces without looking.
• Wash the bite area with soap and water.
• Apply a cold pack if needed.
• Watch for increasing pain or swelling.
• Seek medical care for serious symptoms.
• Wear gloves when moving wood or debris.
• Keep tents zipped closed.

Resources

• Black Widow and Brown Recluse Spider Bites (video)
• Black Widow vs. Brown Recluse Spider Bites (video)

Leader Tips

• Discuss common spiders found locally.
• Encourage safe campsite habits.
• Review when medical care is needed.
• Let Scouts practice identifying hazards.

Requirement 1a-11: Scorpion Stings

What You Need To Do

Show or describe first aid for a scorpion sting and ways to prevent stings.

Helpful Tips

• Check shoes before putting them on.
• Avoid placing hands under rocks.
• Wash the sting area with soap and water.
• Apply a cold pack to reduce discomfort.
• Stay calm and limit movement.
• Watch for severe reactions.
• Seek medical help if symptoms worsen.
• Keep sleeping areas clean and closed.

Resources

• Scorpion Stings—Symptoms and Causes (website)

Leader Tips

• Discuss regional wildlife before trips.
• Point out places where scorpions may hide.
• Review first aid procedures.
• Encourage careful campsite habits.

Requirement 1a-12: Bite Of A Wild Mammal

What You Need To Do

Show or describe first aid for a bite from a wild mammal and ways to prevent bites.

Helpful Tips

• Stay away from wild animals.
• Never feed wildlife.
• Wash the wound with soap and water right away.
• Control bleeding with clean dressings.
• Report the bite to an adult immediately.
• Seek medical care as soon as possible.
• Keep food stored properly in camp.
• Give animals plenty of space.

Resources

• Treatment of Animal and Human Bites (video)

Leader Tips

• Discuss wildlife safety before outings.
• Review food storage procedures.
• Emphasize avoiding contact with animals.
• Practice emergency response scenarios.

Requirement 1a-13: Venomous Snake Bite

What You Need To Do

Show or describe first aid for a venomous snake bite and ways to prevent bites.

Helpful Tips

• Watch where you step and place your hands.
• Stay on established trails when possible.
• Leave snakes alone.
• Move away slowly if you see a snake.
• Keep the bitten area still.
• Call for emergency help immediately.
• Remove jewelry near the bite area.
• Do not cut the wound or try to suck out venom.

Resources

• Venomous Snake Bites (website)

Leader Tips

• Review snake safety before outdoor activities.
• Discuss local venomous species.
• Practice emergency communication plans.
• Encourage calm responses during wildlife encounters.

Requirement 1b: Scout Basic Essentials

What You Need To Do

Explain how the Scout Basic Essentials help prevent problems and support survival in the outdoors. Be able to describe how each item can help during an emergency or unexpected situation.

Helpful Tips

• Carry the Scout Basic Essentials on every outing.
• Bring a pocketknife for simple outdoor tasks.
• Carry a first aid kit for minor injuries.
• Keep an extra layer of clothing for changing weather.
• Pack rain gear even if the forecast looks good.
• Carry a flashlight or headlamp with fresh batteries.
• Bring trail food for extra energy.
• Carry plenty of water and a way to treat additional water if needed.
• Keep matches and a fire starter in a waterproof container.
• Carry a map and compass and know how to use them.
• Check your gear before leaving home.
• Replace used or damaged items after each trip.

Resources

• The 10 Scout Basic Outdoor Essentials (website)
• Checklist for a Wilderness Survival Kit (PDF)

Leader Tips

• Conduct gear checks before activities.
• Let Scouts handle and identify each item.
• Use real outdoor scenarios to show how the essentials can solve problems.
• Encourage Scouts to carry the essentials on every outing.

Requirement 1c: Trip Plan

What You Need To Do

Explain how a trip plan can help prevent a wilderness survival situation.

Helpful Tips

• Share your destination with a trusted person.
• Include your route and schedule.
• List the people in your group.
• Include emergency contact information.
• Check weather forecasts before leaving.
• Update the plan if details change.
• Tell someone when you return safely.
• Carry a copy of important information.

Resources

• How to Plan an Adventure | Plan a Camping Trip (video)
• Importance of a Float Plan (website)

Leader Tips

• Include trip planning in meeting activities.
• Use real outing examples when possible.
• Encourage Scouts to create their own plans.
• Review plans before outdoor trips.

Requirement 2: Seven Priorities of Survival

What You Need To Do

Explain the importance of each of the seven priorities of survival in a wilderness location and how they help during an emergency.

Helpful Tips

• Remember STOP: Stop, Think, Observe, and Plan.
• Keep a positive mental attitude and stay calm.
• Treat serious injuries first.
• Carry a first aid kit and know how to use it.
• Build or find shelter to protect yourself from weather.
• Practice safe fire-building skills.
• Carry items for signaling, such as a whistle or signal mirror.
• Drink water regularly and carry water treatment methods.
• Look for safe water sources if needed.
• Save energy by focusing on the most important survival tasks first.
• Carry trail food during outdoor activities.
• Review the seven priorities before every campout or hike.

Resources

• Seven Priorities of Survival (video)

Leader Tips

• Use survival scenarios to discuss priorities.
• Encourage Scouts to explain why the priorities are important.
• Practice shelter, fire, and signaling skills during outings.
• Help Scouts focus on decision-making as well as survival skills.

Requirement 3: Avoiding Panic

What You Need To Do

Describe ways to avoid panic and maintain a high level of morale when lost. Explain why a calm attitude helps during a survival situation.

Helpful Tips

• Use the STOP method: Stop, Think, Observe, and Plan.
• Take slow, deep breaths to stay calm.
• Stay in one place if rescue is expected and the area is safe.
• Take inventory of your food, water, clothing, and equipment.
• Focus on one task at a time.
• Build a shelter to create a sense of security.
• Set small goals for the day.
• Keep a positive attitude and focus on solutions.
• Use a whistle or other signaling device at regular times.
• Stay busy with useful survival tasks.
• Talk with other group members if you are not alone.
• Rest when needed to stay physically and mentally strong.

Resources

• The STOP Method (website)
• Lost? Stop Panic & Think Clearly. (video)
• Box Breathing | The Breathing Exercise Used By Navy SEALs (video)

Leader Tips

• Use realistic scenarios to discuss emotional reactions.
• Encourage Scouts to practice the STOP method.
• Discuss how panic can lead to poor decisions.
• Give Scouts opportunities to solve simple survival problems during activities.

Requirement 4: Personal First Aid And Survival Kits

What You Need To Do

Put together a personal first aid kit and a personal survival kit. Show how the items in each kit are used.

Helpful Tips

• Choose a small container that is easy to carry.
• Include adhesive bandages for minor cuts and scrapes.
• Pack gauze pads and medical tape.
• Carry antiseptic wipes for cleaning wounds.
• Include moleskin for blister care.
• Add disposable gloves to your first aid kit.
• Check expiration dates regularly.
• Practice using the items before an emergency.
• Include a fire starter in your survival kit.
• Carry a flashlight with working batteries.
• Pack a whistle for signaling.
• Include a signal mirror.
• Carry a water bottle.
• Add water purification tablets or another water treatment method.
• Pack an emergency blanket.
• Include a compass.
• Carry a multi-tool or pocketknife if allowed.
• Add paracord for shelter building and repairs.
• Include trail food such as energy bars.
• Keep all items organized and protected from moisture.

Resources

• First Aid Kits: Essential Items (website)
• Personal Family Troop First Aid Kit Checklist (PDF)
• First Aid Kit Checklists (website)
• Scout Basic Essentials for Wilderness Survival (website)
• Survival Kit List (PDF)

Leader Tips

• Let Scouts assemble their own kits whenever possible.
• Ask Scouts to demonstrate the purpose of each item.
• Discuss different survival situations and useful equipment.
• Encourage regular inspection and replacement of supplies.

Requirement 5a-1: Cold And Snowy Conditions

What You Need To Do

Describe the steps you would take to survive in cold and snowy conditions.

Helpful Tips

• Wear clothing in layers.
• Keep clothing dry.
• Put on a hat and gloves before you get cold.
• Build a shelter to block wind and snow.
• Start a fire for warmth if conditions allow.
• Melt snow for drinking water.
• Place insulation between yourself and the ground.
• Avoid sweating from too much activity.
• Watch for signs of hypothermia and frostbite.

Resources

• Prevention and Treatment of Hypothermia (website)
• Cold Weather Survival Skills (video)
• Winter Survival Skills (website)

Leader Tips

• Review cold-weather clothing before outings.
• Discuss the dangers of wet clothing.
• Let Scouts practice building winter shelters.
• Encourage Scouts to carry extra warm layers.

Requirement 5a-2: Wet Conditions

What You Need To Do

Describe the steps you would take to survive in wet conditions.

Helpful Tips

• Find or build shelter quickly.
• Put on rain gear before getting soaked.
• Keep extra clothing dry in waterproof bags.
• Build a fire if it is safe to do so.
• Collect rainwater for drinking if needed.
• Stay off wet ground when resting.
• Move carefully on slippery surfaces.
• Change into dry clothing as soon as possible.
• Protect important gear from moisture.

Resources

• Building Fire in the Rain (video)
• Staying Warm and Dry in Wind and Rain (video)
• Camping in the Rain (video)

Leader Tips

• Discuss the dangers of getting wet in cool weather.
• Demonstrate waterproof packing methods.
• Let Scouts practice finding sheltered locations.
• Review fire-starting methods for damp conditions.

Requirement 5a-3: Hot And Dry Conditions

What You Need To Do

Describe the steps you would take to survive in hot and dry conditions.

Helpful Tips

• Drink water regularly.
• Rest in shaded areas.
• Wear loose-fitting clothing.
• Cover your head with a hat.
• Limit activity during the hottest part of the day.
• Travel during cooler morning or evening hours.
• Watch for signs of dehydration.
• Use signaling devices to attract attention.
• Conserve both water and energy.

Resources

• 10 Desert Survival Tips (video)

Leader Tips

• Review heat-related illnesses before activities.
• Encourage frequent hydration.
• Discuss the value of shade and rest.
• Practice planning for hot-weather outings.

Requirement 5a-4: Windy Conditions

What You Need To Do

Describe the steps you would take to survive in windy conditions.

Helpful Tips

• Find a natural windbreak.
• Build a shelter behind rocks or trees.
• Wear a wind-resistant outer layer.
• Secure loose gear.
• Protect your fire from strong winds.
• Keep extra clothing available.
• Stay low during severe wind.
• Watch for falling branches.
• Use insulated clothing when temperatures are low.

Resources

• Danger of Wind Chill (video)
• Wind Chill Safety: 5 Tips to Prevent Frostbite (video)

Leader Tips

• Point out natural windbreaks during hikes.
• Discuss wind chill and heat loss.
• Let Scouts practice shelter placement.
• Encourage awareness of changing weather.

Requirement 5a-5: At Or On The Water

What You Need To Do

Describe the steps you would take to survive at or on the water.

Helpful Tips

• Wear a life jacket whenever appropriate.
• Stay with your boat if it is safe.
• Use a whistle or mirror for signaling.
• Stay with other people in your group.
• Conserve energy while floating.
• Use the HELP position if alone in cold water.
• Use the huddle position when with others.
• Collect rainwater if possible.
• Protect yourself from sun exposure.

Resources

• Lifesaving Merit Badge (website)
• What to do if Your Boat Capsizes (website)

Leader Tips

• Review water safety before activities.
• Discuss signaling methods used on the water.
• Practice life jacket use.
• Reinforce the importance of staying calm.

Requirement 5b: Proper Outdoor Clothing

What You Need To Do

Show that you know the proper clothing to wear during extremely hot weather, extremely cold weather, and wet conditions.

Helpful Tips

• Wear light-colored clothing in hot weather.
• Use a wide-brimmed hat for sun protection.
• Wear layers in cold weather.
• Choose wool or synthetic fabrics instead of cotton.
• Wear a waterproof outer layer in wet conditions.
• Keep extra socks available.
• Protect your hands and head in cold weather.
• Adjust clothing as weather changes.
• Keep rain gear easy to reach.

Resources

• Packing Lists for Hot and Cold Weather Camping (website)

Leader Tips

• Let Scouts compare clothing for different conditions.
• Discuss why cotton can be a poor choice.
• Review clothing before outings.
• Encourage Scouts to dress for the forecast.

Requirement 5c: Bears And Raccoons

What You Need To Do

Explain how to protect yourself from bears and raccoons.

Helpful Tips

• Store food away from your sleeping area.
• Keep campsites clean.
• Pack out all trash.
• Use bear-resistant containers when required.
• Never keep food in your tent.
• Do not feed wildlife.
• Secure coolers and food containers.
• Clean cooking equipment after meals.
• Stay calm if you encounter a bear.

Resources

• Preventing and Managing Bear Encounters (video)
• Keeping Raccoons Away from your Campsite (video)

Leader Tips

• Review food storage procedures before campouts.
• Demonstrate proper bear bag techniques when appropriate.
• Discuss local wildlife concerns.
• Encourage good campsite cleanliness habits.

Requirement 5d: Forest And Snow Shelters

What You Need To Do

Describe how to build or find survival shelters in a forest or in snow.

Helpful Tips

• Look for natural shelter before building one.
• Use fallen branches instead of cutting live trees.
• Build a lean-to in forested areas.
• Consider a debris hut for warmth.
• Add insulation on the ground.
• Build small shelters to hold body heat.
• Dig a snow cave when snow conditions allow.
• Create a ventilation hole in snow shelters.
• Choose locations away from hazards.

Resources

• Tree Well Shelter (video)
• A Quick Shelter under a Tree (video)

Leader Tips

• Let Scouts examine different shelter designs.
• Discuss site selection before construction.
• Encourage low-impact outdoor skills.
• Review shelter safety concerns.

Requirement 5e: Natural Shelter

What You Need To Do

Improvise a natural shelter using techniques with little impact on the environment. Spend a night in the shelter.

Helpful Tips

• Use materials already on the ground.
• Avoid damaging living plants.
• Choose a safe and dry location.
• Build the shelter before dark.
• Make the shelter just large enough for your body.
• Add insulation beneath your sleeping area.
• Test the shelter before nightfall.
• Bring required safety equipment.
• Scatter natural materials after use when appropriate.

Resources

• How to Build a Survival Shelter (video)

Leader Tips

• Review Leave No Trace principles before the project.
• Check shelter locations for safety.
• Encourage Scouts to use natural materials responsibly.
• Discuss improvements after the overnight experience.

Requirement 6: Fire Building

What You Need To Do

Using three different methods other than matches, build and light three fires. Show that you can safely start a fire using different fire-starting techniques.

Helpful Tips

• Gather tinder, kindling, and fuel wood before starting.
• Choose a safe fire location.
• Clear away leaves and other flammable materials.
• Keep water or dirt nearby for safety.
• Practice with a ferrocerium rod.
• Try using flint and steel.
• Practice focusing sunlight with a magnifying glass on a sunny day.
• Learn how a bow drill works.
• Use dry tinder whenever possible.
• Protect your fire from wind.
• Start with small materials and gradually add larger sticks.
• Fully extinguish every fire when finished.

Resources

• 4 Emergency Fire Starters (video)

Leader Tips

• Review fire safety rules before demonstrations.
• Let Scouts practice several fire-starting methods.
• Encourage preparation before attempting ignition.
• Verify that fires are completely extinguished after use.

Requirement 7a: Signaling For Rescue

What You Need To Do

Explain and show how lost or stranded Scouts could send signals to attract the attention of ground, airborne, or water search teams.

Helpful Tips

• Carry a whistle on outdoor trips.
• Use three whistle blasts as a distress signal.
• Wear bright clothing when possible.
• Wave a brightly colored item to attract attention.
• Build large ground signals using rocks, logs, or branches.
• Create an SOS signal in an open area.
• Use smoke from a fire to increase visibility.
• Flash a light at night.
• Stay in an open location when signaling.
• Use several signaling methods at the same time.

Resources

• How to Signal for Ground Rescue (video)
• Surface to Air Visual and Body Signals (website)
• Distress Signals for Water Emergencies (video)

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate different signaling methods during outings.
• Let Scouts create ground signals.
• Discuss when each signaling method works best.
• Encourage Scouts to carry signaling devices.

Requirement 7b: Signal Mirror

What You Need To Do

Demonstrate how to use a signal mirror.

Helpful Tips

• Stand where sunlight reaches the mirror.
• Hold the mirror near your face.
• Locate the rescue aircraft, boat, or person.
• Aim the reflected light toward the target.
• Sweep the bright reflection across the target.
• Continue signaling until you are noticed.
• Practice with a distant object before an emergency.
• Keep the mirror clean and protected.
• Carry the mirror where it is easy to reach.

Resources

• How to Use a Signal Mirror (video)

Leader Tips

• Provide opportunities for hands-on practice.
• Use safe targets during demonstrations.
• Let Scouts practice aiming reflected light.
• Review signal mirror safety and care.

Requirement 7c: Ground-To-Air Signals

What You Need To Do

Describe five ground-to-air signals from memory and tell what they mean.

Helpful Tips

• Remember that signals should be large and easy to see.
• Use materials that contrast with the ground.
• Practice drawing the signals before the requirement review.
• Learn both the symbol and its meaning.
• Place signals in open areas when possible.
• Review the signals regularly.
• Work with another Scout to quiz each other.
• Use rocks, logs, branches, or trenches to create signals.

Common Ground-To-Air Signals

• X = Unable to proceed
• Y = Yes or affirmative
• N = No or negative
• F = Need food and water
• I = Need medical supplies or medical assistance
• Arrow = Direction of travel
• SOS = Distress or need rescue
• U = You are headed in the wrong direction
• LL = All is well

Leader Tips

• Review the most commonly used signals.
• Let Scouts build signals outdoors.
• Quiz Scouts on meanings during activities.
• Encourage practice before the requirement review.

Requirement 8: Water Treatment

What You Need To Do

Demonstrate three ways to treat water found in the outdoors to prepare it for drinking.

Helpful Tips

• Collect water from the cleanest source available.
• Remove leaves, dirt, and other debris before treatment.
• Boil water for at least one minute.
• Use a water filter designed for outdoor use.
• Follow the directions for water treatment tablets.
• Allow chemical treatments enough time to work.
• Keep treated water in a clean container.
• Avoid drinking untreated water.
• Carry more than one water treatment method when possible.
• Practice using treatment methods before an outdoor trip.
• Check water filters regularly for damage.
• Treat water even if it looks clean.

Resources

• Purifying Water (video)
• Melting Snow for Water (website)

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate several water treatment methods.
• Let Scouts practice using filters and treatment tablets.
• Discuss the advantages and limits of each method.
• Emphasize the importance of safe drinking water in survival situations.

Requirement 9: Wild Plants And Wildlife

What You Need To Do

Explain why it usually is not wise to eat wild plants or wildlife in a wilderness survival situation.

Helpful Tips

• Focus on shelter, water, and signaling before food.
• Remember that people can survive much longer without food than without water.
• Avoid eating plants unless you are completely certain they are safe.
• Avoid eating mushrooms found in the wild.
• Stay in one location if rescue is expected.
• Save energy for important survival tasks.
• Avoid hunting or trapping animals in a survival situation.
• Be aware that some wild foods can cause illness.
• Avoid foods that may upset your stomach.
• Keep your attention on staying safe and being found.
• Use your emergency food supply if you have one.
• Stay calm and follow your survival plan.

Leader Tips

• Discuss the risks of misidentifying plants and animals.
• Emphasize the importance of water, shelter, and signaling.
• Encourage Scouts to conserve energy during survival situations.
• Review why food is usually a lower survival priority.

Requirement 10a: Wilderness Survival Careers

What You Need To Do

Research a career related to wilderness survival. Discuss the training, education, costs, job duties, salary, job outlook, and advancement opportunities with your counselor.

Helpful Tips

• Choose a career that interests you.
• Use reliable sources for your research.
• Write down important facts as you research.
• Look for education and training requirements.
• Find information about daily job duties.
• Research salary and employment opportunities.
• Look for ways people advance in the field.
• Talk to a professional if possible.
• Prepare notes before meeting with your counselor.
• Consider what parts of the career appeal to you.

Careers To Consider

• Park ranger
• Search and rescue worker
• Wilderness guide
• Outdoor educator
• Forestry technician
• Wildlife biologist
• Environmental scientist
• Emergency management specialist
• Conservation officer
• Natural resource manager

Resources

• Wilderness Jobs (website)
• Unusual Careers in the Wilderness (video)

Leader Tips

• Encourage Scouts to choose careers that match their interests.
• Help Scouts locate reliable research sources.
• Discuss how outdoor skills apply to different careers.
• Ask Scouts to share what they found most interesting.

Requirement 10b: Hobbies And Volunteer Service

What You Need To Do

Explore how wilderness survival skills could be used in a hobby or volunteer activity. Research training, expenses, supporting organizations, and possible goals.

Helpful Tips

• Choose a hobby or service activity you enjoy.
• Research any required training.
• Find out what equipment is needed.
• Estimate the costs involved.
• Look for local groups or organizations.
• Set a short-term goal you can achieve soon.
• Set a long-term goal for future growth.
• Look for opportunities to practice your skills.
• Talk with experienced participants when possible.
• Be ready to discuss your plans with your counselor.

Hobbies To Consider

• Camping
• Backpacking
• Hiking
• Fishing
• Nature study
• Orienteering
• Geocaching
• Outdoor photography
• Canoeing
• Kayaking
• Bird watching
• Conservation projects

Resources

• Ultralight Backpacking (website)

Leader Tips

• Encourage Scouts to connect skills with personal interests.
• Discuss local opportunities for outdoor service.
• Help Scouts identify realistic goals.
• Support Scouts as they explore new outdoor activities.

National Outdoor Awards – Adventure Segment Requirements

For Scouts pursuing the Wilderness Survival merit badge, earning the National Outdoor Award Adventure Segment can be a natural next step. Both accolades promote outdoor preparedness and adventure but the National Outdoor Award takes it up a notch, challenging Scouts to venture into more demanding high-adventure activities like multi-day backpacking or sailing.

Completing the Wilderness Survival merit badge even fulfills one of the requirements for the Adventure Segment. If you’re an older Scout finding your regular activities a bit too routine, this could be a great way to up the ante. Consider integrating the National Outdoor Awards into your troop’s activities to enrich everyone’s outdoor experience.

Spending a Night in the Woods Alone

A reader asks about a Scout spending the night in the woods alone. He was wondering if this was done as part of the Wilderness Survival merit badge. It might be part of the Wilderness Survival merit badge, which does include an overnight stay in an improvised shelter.

Alternatively, it could relate to an Order of the Arrow induction, where Scouts “sleep apart from other campers.” Importantly, “alone” in a Scouting context doesn’t mean complete isolation. Whether for a merit badge or OA event, safety measures are in place, and adults are nearby to ensure well-being. So, “alone” is a bit of a nuanced term in these scenarios.

More Merit Badge Resources

The Wilderness Survival Merit Badge teaches Scouts how to stay safe and calm in nature when things do not go as planned. Scouts learn how to build shelters, find water, signal for help, and take care of themselves in difficult situations. These skills build confidence and self-reliance. The badge also encourages problem-solving and teamwork, since surviving outdoors often depends on staying alert and helping others.

This badge fits into the larger merit badge program by adding practical outdoor experience to a wide range of learning opportunities. With over 135 merit badges available, Scouts can explore science, arts, sports, service, and adventure. Wilderness Survival connects strongly to the outdoor spirit of Scouting, reminding Scouts that preparation and knowledge are key to success. It helps them grow in responsibility, leadership, and respect for nature, all central goals of the merit badge program.

Learn More about Scouts BSA

The Wilderness Survival Merit Badge fits into the Scouts BSA program by teaching responsibility, preparation, and leadership under pressure. Scouts learn how to plan ahead, stay calm, and make smart decisions when facing challenges outdoors. These experiences build confidence and self-control. Leading a group or helping others in a survival situation strengthens leadership and teamwork skills that carry over into troop activities and daily life.

This badge also supports fitness, citizenship, and personal development. Wilderness survival requires physical strength and mental focus, encouraging Scouts to stay active and alert. It also teaches respect for nature and care for the environment, which connects to good citizenship. By learning to depend on their knowledge instead of technology, Scouts discover independence and resourcefulness. The Wilderness Survival Merit Badge helps develop the strength, character, and sense of responsibility that are central to the Scouts BSA program.

What is the purpose of the Wilderness Survival Merit Badge?

The Wilderness Survival Merit Badge aims to equip Scouts with the skills and knowledge to survive and stay safe in outdoor settings, teaching basic survival techniques, first aid, and emergency preparedness.

Who can earn the Wilderness Survival Merit Badge?

Any registered Scout BSA member can earn the Wilderness Survival Merit Badge. It’s recommended for those who have an interest in outdoor activities, but no prerequisite skills are required.

What are the main components of the Wilderness Survival Merit Badge requirements?

The requirements for the Wilderness Survival Merit Badge cover topics like identifying hazards, first aid, priorities in survival situations, and improvising natural shelters. Scouts will also learn to build fires without matches and assemble a personal survival kit.

Do I actually have to spend a night in a shelter I build for the Wilderness Survival Merit Badge?

Yes, one of the requirements for the Wilderness Survival Merit Badge is to build a natural shelter and spend a night in it to demonstrate your understanding of the techniques involved.

Can I use the skills learned for other merit badges for the Wilderness Survival Merit Badge?

Absolutely. Skills like first aid and outdoor preparedness are useful for badges like Hiking, Camping, and First Aid.

Are there any risks involved in the Wilderness Survival Merit Badge?

As with any outdoor activity, there are inherent risks, but following the guidelines and taking precautions will minimize them. Your Wilderness Survival Merit Badge will help you earn the badge using appropriate safety measures.

The Wilderness Survival Merit Badge teaches Scouts the skills they need to survive in the outdoors. It goes beyond the basics by focusing on real-life survival situations. Scouts learn how to stay safe in the wilderness by understanding the seven priorities of survival. These priorities help them make good decisions when faced with dangerous situations. The badge also covers first aid for outdoor injuries and how to handle emergencies in the backcountry.

One of the most important parts of the Wilderness Survival Merit Badge is mental preparedness. Scouts learn how to stay calm and keep a positive attitude, which can make a big difference in survival situations. Staying calm can help them avoid panic, think clearly, and make smart choices.

Scouts also practice survival skills with hands-on activities. They build shelters with materials they find in nature, and they learn how to start a fire without matches. These skills are not only useful but also fun to practice. The badge teaches Scouts to be responsible, keeping their impact on the environment as small as possible.

Earning the Wilderness Survival Merit Badge gives Scouts practical knowledge for outdoor adventures. They are better prepared for emergencies and more confident in their ability to handle challenges in the wild. This badge is important for any Scout who spends time in nature.