First Aid Merit Badge

Free Resources and Answers

Time: 2–4 weeks
Difficulty: Moderate
Setting: Indoor, outdoor practice
Best For: Scouts interested in safety, emergency response, helping others
Hands-On Level: High
Eagle Required: Yes

The First Aid merit badge teaches you skills which can help in real emergencies. You learn how to respond when someone is hurt or sick and how to stay calm while helping others. These skills are useful at home, at school, on campouts, and in your community. As you work on this badge, you will practice ways to care for people until medical help arrives.

While earning the First Aid merit badge, you will learn how to handle many different situations. You will practice treating cuts, burns, fractures, and other injuries. You will also learn about shock, heart attacks, strokes, allergic reactions, and other medical emergencies. Along the way, you will discover why it is important to use universal precautions and keep a good first aid kit nearby.

You will also learn important emergency response skills such as CPR and how to use an AED. The badge teaches you how to move an injured person safely and protect yourself while giving care. By completing the First Aid merit badge, you will build confidence and be better prepared to help others when they need you most.

The requirements for this merit badge were updated effective January 1, 2025.

Download the First Aid Merit Badge Requirements

First Aid Merit Badge Pamphlet

First Aid Merit Badge Printable Requirement Check Off Sheet

Checklist for All Merit Badges

Help with Answers for First Aid Merit Badge Requirements

Find specific helps for some of the First Aid merit badge requirements listed below. Some of these resources will just give the answers. Others will provide engaging ways for older Scouts to introduce these concepts to new Scouts.

• Requirement 1: Handling a First Aid Emergency
• Requirement 2: Preparing for First Aid Emergencies
• Requirement 3: Wounds with No External Bleeding
• Requirement 4: Bleeding Wounds
• Requirement 5: Breathing Emergencies
• Requirement 6: Loss of Consciousness
• Requirement 7: Heart Attack
• Requirement 8: Muscle and Bone Injuries
• Requirement 9: Head and Spine Injuries
• Requirement 10: Moving a Patient
• Requirement 11: Heat- and Cold-related Conditions
• Requirement 12: Mental Health Conditions
• Requirement 13: Miscellaneous Conditions
• Requirement 14: Teach a First Aid Skill
• Requirement 15: Careers and Opportunities
• More Resources

Requirement 1a: Assessing a First Aid Emergency

What You Need To Do

Show the steps for checking a first aid emergency. Include checking the area for dangers before helping the injured person.

Helpful Tips

• Stop and look around before going near the victim.
• Watch for fire, traffic, electricity, or falling objects.
• Check if the area is safe for you and others.
• Call for help right away if the scene is dangerous.
• Wear gloves if they are available.
• Check if the victim is awake and breathing.
• Stay calm and speak clearly.
• Keep other people away from hazards.

Resources

• The 3 C’s of First Aid: Check, Call, Care (website)
• Check for Scene Safety (video)

Leader Tips

• Set up simple practice scenes for Scouts.
• Include common outdoor and home emergencies.
• Remind Scouts to protect themselves first.
• Give Scouts time to practice the steps several times.

Requirement 1b: Getting Emergency Medical Help

What You Need To Do

Describe how to contact emergency medical help at home and during a wilderness camping trip.

Helpful Tips

• Call 911 for serious emergencies at home.
• Give your location clearly and slowly.
• Keep emergency phone numbers nearby.
• Send two people for help on a wilderness trip if there is no phone signal.
• Carry a map of the camping area.
• Know the closest ranger station or road.
• Use whistles or signal devices if needed.
• Stay with the injured person unless the area is unsafe.

Resources

• What to Say When You Call 911 (video)
• What Happens When You Call 911 (video)
• Preparing for a Medical Emergency at Home (website)
• Calling for Help for a Wilderness Emergency (website)

Leader Tips

• Practice emergency calls with Scouts.
• Use maps during camping trip discussions.
• Review how to give clear directions.
• Talk about communication problems in remote areas.

Requirement 1c: Preventing the Spread of Infection

What You Need To Do

Show how to lower the risk of spreading infection while giving first aid. Include proper disposal of used supplies.

Helpful Tips

• Wash your hands before and after first aid.
• Wear disposable gloves when handling blood.
• Use a face shield for rescue breaths if available.
• Avoid touching your face during treatment.
• Put used gloves and bandages in a sealed bag.
• Clean reusable equipment after use.
• Cover cuts on your own hands.
• Replace used supplies in the first aid kit.

Resources

• Standard Precautions (video)
• How to Remove Disposable Gloves (video)
• Using Personal Protective Equipment in First Aid (video)

Leader Tips

• Provide gloves and other safety items for practice.
• Show proper cleanup methods after activities.
• Remind Scouts to treat all blood as infectious.
• Check that Scouts dispose of supplies correctly.

Requirement 1d: Airway and Breathing

What You Need To Do

Show how to check and manage a person’s airway and breathing during an emergency.

Helpful Tips

• Check if the person is breathing normally.
• Look for chest movement.
• Listen for breathing sounds.
• Tilt the head and lift the chin to open the airway.
• Remove visible objects from the mouth carefully.
• Call for emergency help if breathing stops.
• Start CPR if needed and if trained.
• Keep watching the person’s breathing until help arrives.

Resources

• Head Tilt, Chin Lift, Jaw Thrust (video)
• Look, Listen, Feel (video)

Leader Tips

• Use CPR manikins during practice.
• Demonstrate the head tilt and chin lift slowly.
• Let Scouts repeat the steps several times.
• Watch for correct hand placement and positioning.

Requirement 1e: Examining an Accident Victim

What You Need To Do

Show how to do a full check of an injured person after an accident.

Helpful Tips

• Check the victim from head to toe.
• Look for bleeding, swelling, or broken bones.
• Ask where the person feels pain.
• Compare both sides of the body for differences.
• Check skin color and temperature.
• Watch for changes in breathing or alertness.
• Keep the person still if a neck or back injury is possible.
• Continue checking the victim until help arrives.

Resources

• Head to Toe Exam (video)

Leader Tips

• Use role-playing activities for practice.
• Remind Scouts to move slowly during exams.
• Encourage teamwork during first aid scenarios.
• Review common signs of serious injuries.

Requirement 1f: Shock

What You Need To Do

Discuss why shock is a medical emergency and how to respond to it.

Helpful Tips

• Shock happens when the body does not get enough blood flow.
• Signs include pale skin, weakness, fast breathing, and confusion.
• Call for emergency medical help quickly.
• Keep the person lying down if possible.
• Raise the feet slightly unless there is a leg injury.
• Cover the person with a blanket to keep warm.
• Do not give food or drinks.
• Stay calm and keep talking to the victim.

Resources

• Recognizing Shock (video)
• Shock From Bleeding (video)
• Shock and Bleeding (video)

Leader Tips

• Review common signs of shock often.
• Use realistic examples during discussions.
• Remind Scouts to treat shock quickly.
• Include shock treatment in first aid practice activities.

Requirement 1g: Triage

What You Need To Do

Define triage and describe situations where triage is used during emergencies.

Helpful Tips

• Triage means deciding who needs help first.
• Triage is used when many people are injured at the same time.
• Serious breathing problems get immediate attention.
• Heavy bleeding also needs quick treatment.
• People with minor injuries may wait longer.
• Natural disasters often require triage.
• Large traffic accidents may require triage.
• Stay calm and follow directions from emergency workers.

Resources

• Multiple Casualties in a Remote Location (video)
• Triage (video)

Leader Tips

• Use group activities to practice triage decisions.
• Create simple emergency scenarios for discussion.
• Remind Scouts to focus on the most serious injuries first.
• Keep activities organized and easy to follow.

Requirement 2a: Health and Medical Records

What You Need To Do

Get a copy of the Scout Annual Health and Medical Record. Discuss why this form is important during Scouting activities and emergencies.

Helpful Tips

• Keep your medical form current and complete.
• Include all allergies on the form.
• List all medications you take regularly.
• Include emergency contact information.
• Bring the form to campouts and long activities.
• Store the form in a safe and easy-to-find place.
• Review immunization records with a parent or guardian.
• Update the form after major health changes.

Resources

• Scout Health Forms (website)
• Scouting America Medical Form (website)

Leader Tips

• Remind Scouts to check expiration dates on forms.
• Review where forms are stored during activities.
• Discuss privacy and safe handling of medical records.
• Encourage families to update forms each year.

Requirement 2b: First Aid Kits

What You Need To Do

Build a personal first aid kit for hiking and backpacking. Inspect a larger first aid kit with your counselor and discuss what is included and what may be missing.

Helpful Tips

• Use a small waterproof container or bag.
• Pack adhesive bandages in different sizes.
• Include moleskin for blisters.
• Carry antiseptic wipes and gloves.
• Pack gauze pads and medical tape.
• Include tweezers and small scissors.
• Check expiration dates on medications and ointments.
• Replace used items after every trip.
• Practice using each item in your kit.
• Keep the kit easy to reach in your backpack.

Resources

• First Aid Kits: What Should Be Included? (website)
• Kim’s Game with a First Aid Kit (website)
• Personal, Family, and Troop First Aid Kit Checklist (PDF)
• First Aid KIt Checklists (website)

Leader Tips

• Let Scouts compare different first aid kits.
• Review which items work best for outdoor activities.
• Encourage Scouts to keep kits organized.
• Ask Scouts why each item belongs in the kit.

Requirement 3a: Closed Wounds

What You Need To Do

Describe the signs of bruises and hematomas. Show first aid steps and ways to help prevent these injuries.

Helpful Tips

• A bruise causes skin discoloration and soreness.
• A hematoma is a larger collection of blood under the skin.
• Use a cold pack to reduce swelling.
• Keep the injured area raised if possible.
• Rest the injured body part.
• Wear proper sports and safety gear.
• Be careful around rough surfaces and hard objects.
• Get medical help if swelling or pain becomes severe.

Resources

• The Science of Skin (video)
• How a Wound Heals Itself (video)
• How Wounds Heal (video)
• Bruise: What to Do (video)
• First Aid for Bruises (website)
• First Aid for a Hematoma (video)
• How Bruises Change Color (video)

Leader Tips

• Use simple examples of common bruises.
• Demonstrate cold pack treatment safely.
• Discuss prevention during sports and outdoor activities.
• Remind Scouts to report serious injuries quickly.

Requirement 3b: Thermal Burns and Scalds

What You Need To Do

Describe different levels of heat burns and scalds. Show first aid steps and ways to prevent burns.

Helpful Tips

• Superficial burns cause redness and pain.
• Partial thickness burns may blister.
• Full thickness burns damage deeper tissue.
• Cool burns with clean running water.
• Do not use ice directly on burns.
• Cover burns with a clean dry dressing.
• Stay away from hot stoves, fires, and steam.
• Use caution around campfires and cooking gear.

Resources

• Types of Burns (video)
• Thermal, Chemical and Electrical Burns (video)

Leader Tips

• Review the different burn levels clearly.
• Demonstrate safe cooling methods.
• Discuss fire safety at camp and home.
• Remind Scouts not to pop blisters.

Requirement 3c: Chemical Burns

What You Need To Do

Describe signs of chemical burns. Show first aid steps and ways to prevent chemical injuries.

Helpful Tips

• Chemical burns may cause redness and pain.
• Some chemicals can damage skin quickly.
• Flush the area with large amounts of water.
• Remove contaminated clothing carefully.
• Avoid touching chemicals with bare hands.
• Read warning labels before using products.
• Wear gloves and eye protection when needed.
• Store chemicals safely away from children.

Resources

• Chemical Burns (website)

Leader Tips

• Discuss common household chemicals.
• Demonstrate safe flushing procedures.
• Review safety equipment for chemical use.
• Encourage careful label reading.

Requirement 3d: Electrical Burns

What You Need To Do

Describe signs of electrical burns. Show first aid steps and ways to prevent electrical injuries.

Helpful Tips

• Electrical burns may have small outside wounds.
• Internal injuries can still be serious.
• Do not touch the victim until power is off.
• Call emergency services for serious shocks.
• Watch for breathing problems.
• Use outlet covers and safe cords at home.
• Stay away from downed power lines.
• Keep electrical devices away from water.

Resources

• Electrical Burns (website)

Leader Tips

• Stress scene safety before helping.
• Review electrical dangers around campsites.
• Discuss hidden internal injuries.
• Use examples Scouts may see at home.

Requirement 3e: Sunburn

What You Need To Do

Describe signs of sunburn. Show first aid steps and ways to prevent sunburn.

Helpful Tips

• Sunburn causes red and painful skin.
• Severe sunburn may blister.
• Move into shade right away.
• Drink extra water after sun exposure.
• Apply cool wet cloths to the skin.
• Use sunscreen with good SPF protection.
• Reapply sunscreen during outdoor activities.
• Wear hats and lightweight long sleeves.

Resources

• Sunburn (video)
• Sunburn, Causes, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment (video)

Leader Tips

• Discuss sunscreen use before outdoor events.
• Encourage hydration during activities.
• Review signs of severe sunburn.
• Remind Scouts to protect ears and necks.

Requirement 3f: Snow Blindness

What You Need To Do

Describe signs of snow blindness. Show first aid steps and ways to prevent it.

Helpful Tips

• Snow blindness affects the eyes after bright sun exposure.
• Symptoms include pain and watery eyes.
• Vision may become blurry.
• Move indoors or into shade.
• Cover the eyes with a cool cloth.
• Wear sunglasses with UV protection.
• Use eye protection during snow activities.
• Avoid staring at bright snow for long periods.

Resources

• Snow Blindness (video)

Leader Tips

• Discuss winter eye safety before trips.
• Show examples of proper sunglasses.
• Review symptoms Scouts should report quickly.
• Include snow blindness in cold weather planning.

Requirement 3g: Cold Injuries

What You Need To Do

Describe immersion foot, frostnip, frostbite, and ice burns. Show first aid steps and ways to prevent these injuries.

Helpful Tips

• Immersion foot comes from wet cold conditions.
• Frostnip affects the surface of the skin.
• Frostbite damages deeper tissue.
• Ice burns can happen from direct contact with extreme cold.
• Warm affected areas slowly.
• Remove wet clothing quickly.
• Wear dry layers in cold weather.
• Protect hands, feet, ears, and face outdoors.

Resources

• Immersion (Trench) Foot (video)
• Immersion (Trench) Foot (website)
• Frostbite (video)
• Frostbite (website)

Leader Tips

• Review proper cold weather clothing.
• Discuss early warning signs often.
• Encourage Scouts to check each other for cold injuries.
• Practice layering before winter outings.

Requirement 3h: Abrasions

What You Need To Do

Describe abrasions such as chafing and rope burns. Show first aid steps and ways to prevent these injuries.

Helpful Tips

• Abrasions scrape the top layer of skin.
• Clean the wound gently with water.
• Cover the area with a clean bandage.
• Use ointment if appropriate.
• Wear gloves when handling ropes.
• Keep skin dry during long hikes.
• Wear properly fitting clothing and shoes.
• Stop activities if chafing becomes painful.

Resources

• How To Prevent Chafing While Hiking (website)
• Treatment of Rope Burns (website)

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate proper wound cleaning.
• Discuss prevention during hiking and climbing.
• Encourage proper gear use.
• Review rope handling safety.

Requirement 3i: Blisters

What You Need To Do

Describe blisters on the hands, feet, buttocks, and shoulders. Show first aid steps and ways to prevent them.

Helpful Tips

• Blisters form from rubbing and pressure.
• Cover hot spots before blisters form.
• Use moleskin or bandages for protection.
• Keep feet clean and dry.
• Wear properly fitting shoes and packs.
• Change wet socks quickly.
• Avoid popping blisters when possible.
• Adjust backpack straps to reduce rubbing.

Resources

• How to Prevent and Treat Blisters (website)

Leader Tips

• Review proper boot and pack fitting.
• Demonstrate moleskin placement.
• Encourage regular sock changes on hikes.
• Discuss prevention before long outdoor activities.

Requirement 3j: Puncture Wounds

What You Need To Do

Describe puncture wounds from splinters, nails, rope splinters, and fish hooks. Show first aid steps and ways to prevent them.

Helpful Tips

• Puncture wounds can carry dirt deep into the skin.
• Wash the wound with clean water.
• Remove small splinters carefully with tweezers.
• Cover the wound with a clean bandage.
• Get medical help for deep wounds.
• Wear shoes outdoors.
• Use gloves when handling rough wood or rope.
• Be careful around fishing equipment.

Resources

• Splinters (video)
• Tips for Removing Splinters, Including Tape and White Glue (website)
• Puncture Wounds on the Feet (website)
• Removing a Fishhook (video)

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate safe splinter removal.
• Discuss infection risks from puncture wounds.
• Review safe tool and fishing practices.
• Encourage Scouts to report deep wounds quickly.

Requirement 3k: Poisonous Plant Rash

What You Need To Do

Describe rashes from poisonous plants. Show first aid steps and ways to prevent exposure.

Helpful Tips

• Poisonous plants may cause itchy red rashes.
• Wash exposed skin quickly with soap and water.
• Avoid scratching the rash.
• Wash clothing and gear after exposure.
• Learn to identify poison ivy and similar plants.
• Wear long pants on trails.
• Stay on marked paths during hikes.
• Use barrier creams if appropriate.

Resources

• Poisonous Plants (video)
• Poisonous Plants (website)

Leader Tips

• Show pictures of common poisonous plants.
• Review outdoor clothing choices.
• Discuss cleanup after exposure.
• Remind Scouts to avoid touching unknown plants.

Requirement 3l: Bug Bites

What You Need To Do

Describe bites from chiggers, ticks, mosquitoes, and biting gnats. Show first aid steps and ways to prevent bites.

Helpful Tips

• Wash bug bites with soap and water.
• Avoid scratching bites.
• Use anti-itch cream if needed.
• Check for ticks after outdoor activities.
• Remove ticks carefully with tweezers.
• Wear insect repellent outdoors.
• Wear long sleeves in buggy areas.
• Keep tents zipped closed.

Resources

• First Aid for Chigger Bites (video)
• Removing a Tick and Preventing Tick Bites (website)
• Preventing and Treating Mosquito Bites (website)
• Biting Gnats (video)

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate proper tick removal.
• Discuss insect-borne illnesses briefly.
• Encourage regular tick checks at camp.
• Review safe repellent use.

Requirement 3m: Bee Stings

What You Need To Do

Describe signs of bee stings. Show first aid steps and ways to prevent stings.

Helpful Tips

• Bee stings cause pain and swelling.
• Remove the stinger quickly if present.
• Wash the area with soap and water.
• Apply a cold pack for swelling.
• Watch for trouble breathing or severe swelling.
• Stay calm around bees and wasps.
• Avoid sweet drinks left uncovered outdoors.
• Wear shoes outside.

Resources

• How to Treat a Bee Sting (video)
• What if a Bee Stings You? (video)
• Never Pinch a Bee Sting (video)

Leader Tips

• Discuss allergic reactions seriously.
• Demonstrate safe stinger removal.
• Review when emergency help is needed.
• Encourage Scouts to report sting allergies.

Requirement 3n: Spider Bites

What You Need To Do

Describe signs of spider bites. Show first aid steps and ways to prevent spider bites.

Helpful Tips

• Most spider bites cause redness and pain.
• Some bites may blister or swell.
• Wash the bite with soap and water.
• Apply a cold pack to reduce pain.
• Keep the bite area still if pain increases.
• Get medical help for severe symptoms.
• Shake out shoes and sleeping bags before use.
• Avoid reaching into dark spaces without looking.

Resources

• Black Widow vs Brown Recluse Spider Bites (video)
• Spider Bites (website)

Leader Tips

• Review common spiders found in your area.
• Discuss signs of serious reactions.
• Encourage careful campsite habits.
• Remind Scouts to report unusual symptoms quickly.

Requirement 3o: Scorpion Stings

What You Need To Do

Describe signs of scorpion stings. Show first aid steps and ways to prevent stings.

Helpful Tips

• Scorpion stings can cause pain and numbness.
• Wash the sting area with soap and water.
• Apply a cool pack for pain.
• Keep the person calm and still.
• Watch for breathing problems or muscle twitching.
• Wear shoes in desert or rocky areas.
• Check bedding and boots before use.
• Use a flashlight when walking at night outdoors.

Resources

• How Scorpion Stings Work (video)
• Scorpion Stings (website)

Leader Tips

• Discuss where scorpions are commonly found.
• Review signs needing emergency care.
• Encourage careful campsite checks.
• Demonstrate safe outdoor habits in desert areas.

Requirement 3p: Mammal and Human Bites

What You Need To Do

Describe bites from pets, wild mammals, and humans. Show first aid steps and ways to prevent bites.

Helpful Tips

• Animal and human bites can cause infection.
• Wash the wound well with soap and water.
• Cover the wound with a clean dressing.
• Get medical help for deep bites.
• Watch for redness and swelling.
• Stay away from unfamiliar animals.
• Do not feed wild animals.
• Use caution around frightened or injured pets.

Resources

• Treatment of Animal and Human Bites (video)

Leader Tips

• Discuss rabies risks from wild animals.
• Review safe behavior around pets.
• Encourage quick reporting of all bites.
• Demonstrate proper wound cleaning.

Requirement 3q: Venomous Snake Bites

What You Need To Do

Describe signs of venomous snake bites. Show first aid steps and ways to prevent snake bites.

Helpful Tips

• Venomous snake bites may cause swelling and severe pain.
• Keep the victim calm and still.
• Call emergency medical services immediately.
• Keep the bite area below heart level.
• Remove jewelry near the bite area.
• Do not cut the bite or suck out venom.
• Watch where you step and place your hands outdoors.
• Wear boots and long pants on trails.

Resources

• First Aid for Snake Bites (website)
• First Aid for Snake Bites (video)
• Venomous Snakes (website)

Leader Tips

• Review local venomous snakes before outings.
• Discuss safe hiking habits.
• Remind Scouts not to approach snakes.
• Practice calm emergency response during activities.

Requirement 4a: Nosebleeds

What You Need To Do

Describe signs of a nosebleed. Show first aid steps and ways to help prevent nosebleeds.

Helpful Tips

• Nosebleeds often happen after injury or dry weather.
• Sit upright and lean slightly forward.
• Pinch the soft part of the nose.
• Hold pressure for at least 10 minutes.
• Breathe through the mouth during treatment.
• Do not lean the head backward.
• Avoid picking or rubbing the nose.
• Use protective gear during sports activities.

Resources

• Nosebleed (video)

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate correct head position clearly.
• Remind Scouts to stay calm during bleeding.
• Review when medical help is needed.
• Practice timing steady pressure correctly.

Requirement 4b: Mild or Moderate Bleeding

What You Need To Do

Describe mild and moderate bleeding from scratches, scrapes, and shallow cuts. Show first aid steps and ways to prevent these injuries.

Helpful Tips

• Wash the wound gently with clean water.
• Remove dirt carefully if possible.
• Apply direct pressure if bleeding continues.
• Use antibiotic ointment if appropriate.
• Cover the wound with a clean bandage.
• Change dressings when they become dirty or wet.
• Wear protective clothing during outdoor activities.
• Use caution with knives and sharp tools.

Resources

• Care of Minor Wounds (video)

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate safe wound cleaning methods.
• Encourage Scouts to keep wounds covered.
• Review proper bandage placement.
• Discuss infection prevention during activities.

Requirement 4c: Severe Bleeding

What You Need To Do

Describe severe bleeding from deep cuts. Show first aid steps and ways to prevent serious injuries.

Helpful Tips

• Severe bleeding is a medical emergency.
• Call for emergency medical help quickly.
• Apply firm direct pressure with a clean cloth.
• Add more dressings if blood soaks through.
• Raise the injured limb if possible.
• Keep the victim calm and still.
• Wear gloves when handling blood.
• Use tools and knives carefully during activities.

Resources

• Using Direct Pressure to Control Life-Threatening Bleeding (video)

Leader Tips

• Practice direct pressure techniques safely.
• Discuss signs of dangerous blood loss.
• Review emergency response steps often.
• Encourage calm communication during practice scenarios.

Requirement 4d: Tourniquets

What You Need To Do

Explain when tourniquets should and should not be used. Describe benefits and dangers of tourniquets and show how to place one without tightening it.

Helpful Tips

• Tourniquets are used for life-threatening bleeding on arms or legs.
• Use direct pressure first when possible.
• Place the tourniquet above the wound.
• Avoid placing it over a joint.
• A tourniquet can slow or stop severe bleeding.
• Improper use can damage tissue and nerves.
• Do not loosen a tourniquet after it is tightened.
• Practice placement carefully during training.

Resources

• How to Use a Tourniquet (video)
• Tourniquet Mistakes (video)

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate proper placement step by step.
• Review situations where tourniquets are not needed.
• Discuss risks from incorrect use.
• Keep practice controlled and safe.

Requirement 5a: Choking

What You Need To Do

Describe signs of choking. Show first aid steps and ways to help prevent choking.

Helpful Tips

• A choking person may grab their throat.
• The person may not be able to speak or cough.
• Ask if the person is choking before helping.
• Give abdominal thrusts if trained and needed.
• Call emergency services for severe choking.
• Encourage careful chewing during meals.
• Avoid talking or laughing with food in the mouth.
• Keep small objects away from young children.

Resources

• Back Blows and Abdominal Thrusts for Choking (video)
• First Aid for an Unresponsive Choking Adults (video)

Leader Tips

• Practice choking response skills regularly.
• Demonstrate abdominal thrusts safely.
• Review emergency action steps clearly.
• Use realistic but simple practice scenarios.

Requirement 5b: Asthma Attacks

What You Need To Do

Describe signs of an asthma attack. Show first aid steps and ways to help prevent attacks.

Helpful Tips

• Asthma attacks can cause wheezing and trouble breathing.
• Help the person stay calm and seated upright.
• Assist with an inhaler if needed.
• Call emergency services if breathing worsens.
• Avoid smoke and strong odors around people with asthma.
• Encourage regular use of prescribed medications.
• Watch for coughing during exercise.
• Carry inhalers during outdoor activities.

Resources

• What is Asthma? (video)
• Using Albuterol for an Asthma Attack (video)
• Pursed Lip Breathing for Asthma (video)

Leader Tips

• Review inhaler use with Scouts if appropriate.
• Discuss common asthma triggers.
• Encourage Scouts to share medical concerns privately.
• Monitor breathing problems during active events.

Requirement 5c: Anaphylaxis

What You Need To Do

Describe signs of anaphylaxis from allergies. Show first aid steps and ways to help prevent severe allergic reactions.

Helpful Tips

• Anaphylaxis can cause swelling and breathing trouble.
• Symptoms may appear quickly after exposure.
• Use an epinephrine auto-injector if prescribed.
• Call emergency medical services immediately.
• Keep the person lying down if possible.
• Watch breathing closely until help arrives.
• Read food labels carefully.
• Avoid known allergy triggers during activities.

Resources

• Food Allergy with Anaphylaxis (video)
• How to Inject an EpiPen (video)

Leader Tips

• Review emergency allergy plans before outings.
• Demonstrate trainer auto-injectors if available.
• Encourage Scouts to report allergies early.
• Discuss quick response during severe reactions.

Requirement 5d: Inhalation Injuries

What You Need To Do

Describe inhalation injuries from smoke, fumes, or chemicals. Show first aid steps and ways to prevent these injuries.

Helpful Tips

• Inhalation injuries can damage the lungs and airway.
• Symptoms include coughing and trouble breathing.
• Move the victim to fresh air quickly.
• Call emergency services for serious breathing problems.
• Loosen tight clothing around the neck.
• Avoid breathing smoke from fires.
• Use proper ventilation around chemicals.
• Stay away from toxic fumes and burning materials.

Resources

• Airway Burns (video)
• Carbon Monoxide Poisoning (video)

Leader Tips

• Discuss smoke dangers during fire safety lessons.
• Review safe chemical handling practices.
• Practice emergency evacuation procedures.
• Encourage Scouts to report breathing problems quickly.

Requirement 5e: Altitude Sickness

What You Need To Do

Describe signs of altitude sickness. Show first aid steps and ways to prevent altitude sickness.

Helpful Tips

• Altitude sickness can happen at high elevations.
• Symptoms include headache, nausea, dizziness, and tiredness.
• Move to a lower elevation if symptoms become worse.
• Drink plenty of water during hikes.
• Rest often while climbing.
• Avoid climbing too quickly.
• Eat regular meals during outdoor trips.
• Watch other Scouts for signs of sickness.

Resources

• High Altitude Illness Treatment and Prevention (video)

Leader Tips

• Discuss altitude plans before mountain trips.
• Encourage slow climbing and hydration.
• Review warning signs with Scouts often.
• Monitor Scouts closely at higher elevations.

Requirement 6a: Fainting

What You Need To Do

Describe signs of fainting. Show first aid steps and ways to help prevent fainting.

Helpful Tips

• Fainting happens when blood flow to the brain drops briefly.
• Signs include dizziness, pale skin, and weakness.
• Help the person lie flat on the ground.
• Raise the legs slightly if there is no injury.
• Loosen tight clothing around the neck.
• Give the person fresh air.
• Encourage regular meals and hydration.
• Avoid standing still for long periods in heat.

Resources

• Fainting (video)

Leader Tips

• Discuss common causes of fainting.
• Demonstrate safe positioning during treatment.
• Encourage hydration during outdoor activities.
• Review when medical help is needed.

Requirement 6b: Hypoglycemia

What You Need To Do

Describe signs of hypoglycemia. Show first aid steps and ways to help prevent low blood sugar emergencies.

Helpful Tips

• Hypoglycemia means blood sugar is too low.
• Symptoms include shaking, sweating, and confusion.
• Give a sugary drink or snack if the person is awake.
• Stay with the person until they improve.
• Call for medical help if the person becomes unconscious.
• Eat regular meals during activities.
• Carry snacks on hikes and campouts.
• Follow medical instructions for diabetes care.

Resources

• Diabetic Emergencies (video)

Leader Tips

• Discuss low blood sugar during outdoor planning.
• Encourage Scouts to carry emergency snacks.
• Review symptoms that need quick action.
• Respect privacy during medical discussions.

Requirement 6c: Seizures

What You Need To Do

Describe signs of seizures. Show first aid steps and ways to help prevent injuries during a seizure.

Helpful Tips

• Seizures may cause shaking and loss of awareness.
• Move dangerous objects away from the person.
• Protect the head with a soft item if possible.
• Do not hold the person down.
• Do not place anything in the mouth.
• Turn the person on the side after shaking stops.
• Time how long the seizure lasts.
• Call emergency services for long or repeated seizures.

Resources

• First Aid for a Seizure (video)

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate safe protection during seizures.
• Discuss common seizure myths.
• Encourage calm behavior during emergencies.
• Review when emergency help is needed.

Requirement 6d: Drug Overdose and Alcohol Poisoning

What You Need To Do

Describe signs of drug overdose and alcohol poisoning. Show first aid steps and ways to help prevent these emergencies.

Helpful Tips

• Signs may include slow breathing and confusion.
• The person may become unconscious.
• Call emergency medical services immediately.
• Keep the airway open.
• Turn the person on the side if vomiting occurs.
• Stay with the person until help arrives.
• Avoid illegal drugs and misuse of medications.
• Never leave an intoxicated person alone.

Resources

• Naloxone Treatment of an Opioid Overdose (video)
• Alcohol Poisoning (video)

Leader Tips

• Keep discussions factual and direct.
• Review emergency response steps clearly.
• Encourage Scouts to seek adult help quickly.
• Stress the dangers of delayed treatment.

Requirement 6e: Underwater Hypoxic Blackout

What You Need To Do

Describe signs of underwater hypoxic blackout. Show first aid steps and ways to help prevent this emergency.

Helpful Tips

• Underwater hypoxic blackout can happen during breath-holding activities.
• The person may suddenly lose consciousness underwater.
• Remove the person from the water quickly and safely.
• Call emergency medical services immediately.
• Start rescue breathing or CPR if needed and trained.
• Never practice extended breath holding alone.
• Follow safe swimming rules at all times.
• Use the buddy system during water activities.

Resources

• Underwater Blackout (website)

Leader Tips

• Discuss safe swimming practices often.
• Review risks of breath-holding contests.
• Practice water safety procedures regularly.
• Encourage close supervision during swimming activities.

Requirement 6f: Cold Water Shock and Drowning

What You Need To Do

Describe signs of cold water shock and drowning. Show first aid steps and ways to help prevent these emergencies.

Helpful Tips

• Cold water shock can cause gasping and panic.
• Drowning victims may struggle quietly in the water.
• Call for emergency help immediately.
• Remove the person from the water safely.
• Start CPR if needed and trained.
• Wear life jackets during boating activities.
• Avoid dangerous water conditions.
• Swim only in approved areas with supervision.

Resources

• Understanding Cold Water Shock (video)
• How to Perform CPR for a Drowning Victim (video)

Leader Tips

• Review Safe Swim Defense principles.
• Discuss risks from cold water exposure.
• Practice rescue skills with supervision.
• Encourage proper life jacket use.

Requirement 6g: Lightning Strike and Electric Shock

What You Need To Do

Describe signs of lightning strikes and electric shock injuries. Show first aid steps and ways to help prevent these emergencies.

Helpful Tips

• Lightning strikes can cause burns and heart problems.
• Electric shock may stop breathing or heartbeat.
• Move the victim only after the danger is gone.
• Call emergency medical services immediately.
• Start CPR if needed and trained.
• Move indoors during thunderstorms.
• Stay away from metal objects in storms.
• Avoid damaged electrical equipment.

Resources

• First Aid for Electrical Shocks and Lightning Strikes (video)

Leader Tips

• Review thunderstorm safety before outings.
• Discuss safe shelter locations outdoors.
• Practice emergency response scenarios.
• Remind Scouts to avoid downed power lines.

Requirement 7a: What a Heart Attack Is

What You Need To Do

Explain what happens during a heart attack and why it is a medical emergency.

Helpful Tips

• A heart attack happens when blood flow to part of the heart is blocked.
• The heart muscle can become damaged without oxygen.
• Heart attacks need fast medical treatment.
• Chest pain or pressure is a common symptom.
• Quick action can save a person’s life.
• Call emergency medical services right away.
• Stay calm and act quickly during emergencies.
• Healthy habits can lower heart attack risk.

Resources

• What Happens During a Heart Attack (video)
• Heart Attack vs. Cardiac Arrest (video)

Leader Tips

• Use simple diagrams of the heart if helpful.
• Keep explanations short and clear.
• Discuss why quick treatment matters.
• Encourage Scouts to stay calm during emergencies.

Requirement 7b: Signs of a Heart Attack

What You Need To Do

Describe symptoms of a heart attack and show first aid steps for this emergency.

Helpful Tips

• Chest pain or pressure is a common sign.
• Pain may spread to the arm, jaw, back, or neck.
• The person may sweat or feel short of breath.
• Call emergency medical services immediately.
• Help the person rest in a comfortable position.
• Loosen tight clothing if needed.
• Stay with the person until help arrives.
• Watch for changes in breathing or alertness.

Resources

• Symptoms & Signs of a Heart Attack in Women & Men (video)

Leader Tips

• Review common heart attack symptoms often.
• Discuss differences between mild and severe symptoms.
• Encourage quick action during emergencies.
• Practice calm communication skills.

Requirement 7c: Conditions for CPR

What You Need To Do

Describe when CPR should be started on a person.

Helpful Tips

• CPR is used when a person is unresponsive.
• The person must not be breathing normally.
• Gasping is not normal breathing.
• Check the scene for safety first.
• Call emergency medical services before starting CPR if possible.
• Send someone to get an AED nearby.
• Continue CPR until help arrives or the person responds.
• Use proper training and approved methods.

Resources

• Responding to Cardiac Arrest (video)

Leader Tips

• Review scene safety before CPR practice.
• Demonstrate how to check responsiveness and breathing.
• Encourage Scouts to work calmly in teams.
• Reinforce the importance of calling for help early.

Requirement 7d: CPR Skills

What You Need To Do

Show proper CPR skills using an approved training device.

Helpful Tips

• Place the heel of your hand in the center of the chest.
• Keep your arms straight during compressions.
• Push hard and fast at a steady rhythm.
• Allow the chest to rise fully after each compression.
• Follow current CPR guidelines from training.
• Switch rescuers when possible to avoid fatigue.
• Practice regularly to improve skills.
• Use a training manikin during practice sessions.

Resources

• Hands-Only CPR (video)

Leader Tips

• Watch hand placement carefully during practice.
• Encourage full chest recoil after compressions.
• Give Scouts time for repeated practice.
• Use realistic but supportive training situations.

Requirement 7e: Automated External Defibrillators

What You Need To Do

Explain what an AED does and why it is important during some cardiac emergencies.

Helpful Tips

• An AED checks the heart’s rhythm.
• The device can deliver an electric shock if needed.
• AEDs give spoken instructions during use.
• AEDs are used along with CPR.
• Turn the AED on as soon as it arrives.
• Follow the device instructions carefully.
• Keep the victim still during analysis.
• Continue CPR when instructed by the AED.

Resources

• Using an AED (video)

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate AED parts and pads clearly.
• Discuss how AEDs improve survival chances.
• Encourage Scouts to stay calm during use.
• Review safety around water and metal surfaces.

Requirement 7f: Using an AED

What You Need To Do

Show or simulate proper AED use with a training device if available.

Helpful Tips

• Turn on the AED immediately.
• Expose and dry the chest if needed.
• Attach pads exactly as shown on the device.
• Make sure nobody touches the person during analysis.
• Stand clear if a shock is advised.
• Resume CPR right after the shock if instructed.
• Follow all voice prompts from the AED.
• Practice with a trainer device during meetings.

Resources

• AEDs in Scouting (website)

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate pad placement step by step.
• Review safety commands such as “clear.”
• Let Scouts practice with trainer AEDs often.
• Correct mistakes gently during practice.

Requirement 7g: AED Locations

What You Need To Do

Find common AED locations in your community and discuss why these locations are important.

Helpful Tips

• AEDs are often found in schools and gyms.
• Many churches and community centers have AEDs.
• Sports fields and camps may also have them.
• AEDs are placed where many people gather.
• Quick access helps during emergencies.
• Look for AED signs in public buildings.
• Ask adults where AEDs are located during events.
• Some smartphone apps can help locate nearby AEDs.

Resources

• Where to Place AEDs (website)

Leader Tips

• Walk through meeting places to locate AEDs.
• Discuss why visibility and access matter.
• Encourage Scouts to look for AED signs regularly.
• Include AED locations in emergency planning.

Requirement 8a: Types of Muscle and Bone Injuries

What You Need To Do

Explain the differences and similarities between strains, muscle tears, tendon ruptures, sprains, dislocations, simple fractures, and compound fractures.

Helpful Tips

• A strain affects muscles or tendons.
• A sprain affects ligaments around a joint.
• A muscle tear damages muscle fibers.
• A tendon rupture means a tendon tears completely.
• A dislocation happens when a bone moves out of a joint.
• A simple fracture does not break the skin.
• A compound fracture breaks the skin and has a higher infection risk.
• Pain, swelling, and limited movement are common in many of these injuries.

Resources

• Understanding Limb Injuries: Strains, Sprains, Dislocations, Fractures (video)
• Muscle Strains and Tears (video)
• Dislocations and Types of Fractures (video)

Leader Tips

• Use diagrams or models during discussions.
• Compare injuries side by side for clarity.
• Review common causes from sports and outdoor activities.
• Encourage Scouts to use correct terms during practice.

Requirement 8b: Muscle Strains, Tears, and Tendon Ruptures

What You Need To Do

Describe signs of muscle strains, muscle tears, and tendon ruptures. Show first aid steps for these injuries.

Helpful Tips

• Muscle injuries often cause pain and swelling.
• A torn muscle may bruise or weaken movement.
• A tendon rupture may cause sudden sharp pain.
• Rest the injured area immediately.
• Apply a cold pack to reduce swelling.
• Wrap the injury with an elastic bandage if appropriate.
• Raise the injured area if possible.
• Warm up before sports and physical activity.

Resources

• Muscle Strains and Tears (video)

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate proper cold pack use.
• Discuss injury prevention during sports.
• Encourage Scouts to stop activity after injuries.
• Review when medical care is needed.

Requirement 8c: Sprains, Fractures, and Dislocations

What You Need To Do

Describe signs and possible complications of sprains, fractures, and dislocations.

Helpful Tips

• Sprains often cause swelling and joint pain.
• Fractures may cause deformity or loss of movement.
• Dislocations can change the shape of a joint.
• Severe pain may prevent movement.
• Swelling and bruising are common signs.
• Nerve or blood vessel damage can happen with serious injuries.
• Keep injured areas still until help arrives.
• Use proper safety gear during activities.

Resources

• Fractures and Dislocations (video)

Leader Tips

• Compare the injuries using real-life examples.
• Discuss complications from untreated injuries.
• Encourage careful observation during practice.
• Review when emergency help is needed.

Requirement 8d: Bandages for Injuries

What You Need To Do

Show how to use slings, elastic wraps, and cravat bandages for common injuries.

Helpful Tips

• Arm slings support injured arms and shoulders.
• Keep the hand slightly raised in a sling.
• Elastic wraps help support sprains.
• Wrap bandages firmly but not too tightly.
• Check fingers and toes for normal color and warmth.
• Rewrap bandages if swelling increases.
• Practice tying cravat bandages several times.
• Keep knots away from injured areas.

Resources

• Bandages for Sprained Ankle, Head, Upper Arm, Collarbone (video)
• Elastic Wrap for Ankle Sprain (video)
• Wrist Wrap (video)

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate each bandage slowly.
• Allow Scouts time for repeated practice.
• Check circulation after wrapping bandages.
• Encourage Scouts to work in pairs.

Requirement 8e: Splinting Injuries

What You Need To Do

Show proper handling and splinting for finger, toe, wrist, arm, leg, and ankle injuries.

Helpful Tips

• Keep injured body parts still during treatment.
• Support the injury before moving the person.
• Splint joints above and below the injury.
• Pad splints for comfort when possible.
• Tie splints securely without cutting off circulation.
• Check fingers or toes for warmth and color after splinting.
• Avoid straightening badly injured limbs.
• Get medical help for serious injuries.

Resources

• Buddy Taping Toes (video)
• Splints for Arms and Legs (video)
• Upper Leg Splint (video)
• Leg Splints (video)

Leader Tips

• Use simple materials for splinting practice.
• Demonstrate safe lifting and support methods.
• Review circulation checks after splinting.
• Encourage teamwork during practice activities.

Requirement 9a: Head, Neck, and Back Injuries

What You Need To Do

Describe signs of head, neck, and back injuries. Explain possible complications and ways to help prevent these injuries.

Helpful Tips

• Head injuries may cause confusion or headache.
• Neck and back injuries can affect movement and feeling.
• Serious injuries may damage the brain or spinal cord.
• Numbness or weakness can be warning signs.
• Keep the person still after a serious fall or hit.
• Wear helmets during sports and cycling.
• Use seat belts in vehicles.
• Follow safety rules during outdoor activities.

Resources

• Head, Neck, and Spine Injuries (video)
• Assessing a Head Injury (video)

Leader Tips

• Discuss common causes of spinal injuries.
• Review why movement can make injuries worse.
• Encourage careful behavior during sports and camp activities.
• Practice calm emergency response skills.

Requirement 9b: Concussions

What You Need To Do

Describe signs of a concussion and show first aid steps for this injury.

Helpful Tips

• A concussion is a brain injury caused by a blow to the head.
• Symptoms may include headache, dizziness, or confusion.
• The person may feel sick or have blurry vision.
• Remove the person from sports or activities immediately.
• Keep the person resting and calm.
• Watch for worsening symptoms.
• Get medical care after a suspected concussion.
• Wear proper protective gear during activities.

Resources

• What Is a Concussion? (video)
• First Aid for Concussions (video)

Leader Tips

• Review concussion symptoms carefully.
• Encourage Scouts to report head injuries right away.
• Stress the importance of medical evaluation.
• Discuss return-to-play safety rules.

Requirement 9c: Open Head Wounds

What You Need To Do

Show first aid for an open head wound using a triangular or other bandage.

Helpful Tips

• Wear gloves before treating bleeding wounds.
• Apply gentle pressure around the wound if possible.
• Use a clean dressing over the injury.
• Secure the dressing with a triangular bandage.
• Avoid pressing on objects stuck in the wound.
• Watch for changes in alertness or breathing.
• Keep the person still and calm.
• Call for medical help for serious injuries.

Resources

• Forehead Cravat Bandage (video)

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate bandaging techniques slowly.
• Review safety precautions during treatment.
• Encourage careful handling of head injuries.
• Check bandage placement during practice.

Requirement 9d: Neck and Back Injuries

What You Need To Do

Show first aid steps for a person with a possible neck or back injury.

Helpful Tips

• Keep the person’s head and neck still.
• Tell the person not to move.
• Call emergency medical services immediately.
• Support the head in the position found.
• Do not twist or bend the neck or back.
• Watch breathing and alertness closely.
• Move the person only if there is immediate danger.
• Stay calm and reassure the injured person.

Resources

• Head, Neck, and Spine Injuries During Sports (video)

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate head stabilization techniques carefully.
• Practice communication during emergency scenarios.
• Stress the dangers of unnecessary movement.
• Review when movement is necessary for safety.

Requirement 10a: When To Move an Injured Person

What You Need To Do

Describe situations when an injured person should or should not be moved.

Helpful Tips

• Move a person only if there is immediate danger.
• Fire, smoke, or falling objects may require movement.
• Suspected neck or back injuries need extra caution.
• Keep injured people still when possible.
• Call emergency medical services quickly.
• Watch breathing and alertness closely.
• Protect the head and neck during movement.
• Stay calm and work carefully.

Resources

• When to Move an Injured Person (website)

Leader Tips

• Use realistic examples during discussions.
• Review dangers from unnecessary movement.
• Practice decision-making during emergency scenarios.
• Encourage Scouts to focus on safety first.

Requirement 10b: Choosing a Moving Method

What You Need To Do

Explain how to choose the best way to move a sick or injured person. Show different transport methods.

Helpful Tips

• Check the person’s injuries before moving them.
• Choose methods based on the person’s size and condition.
• Use the safest method available.
• Work with a partner when possible.
• Keep the person’s body supported during movement.
• Move slowly and carefully.
• Avoid twisting the person’s body.
• Practice different carries during training.

Resources

• Lifts and Carries (website)

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate several carrying methods.
• Discuss when each method works best.
• Encourage teamwork and communication.
• Watch body mechanics during practice.

Requirement 10c: Moving a Person from a Smoke-Filled Room

What You Need To Do

Show how to move a person from a smoke-filled room alone and with a partner.

Helpful Tips

• Stay low to avoid smoke.
• Check for dangers before entering the area.
• Drag the person by the shoulders if alone.
• Support the head and neck during movement.
• Work together when using a two-person carry.
• Move quickly but carefully.
• Take the person to fresh air immediately.
• Call emergency services as soon as possible.

Resources

• Fire and EMS Training | Moving a Victim | Moving a Patient (video)

Leader Tips

• Practice movements in open safe areas.
• Stress scene safety before rescue attempts.
• Review low crawling techniques.
• Encourage clear communication between partners.

Requirement 10d: Transporting a Person with a Sprained Ankle

What You Need To Do

Show how to move a person with a sprained ankle by yourself and with a partner.

Helpful Tips

• Help the injured person avoid putting weight on the ankle.
• Use a walking assist if the person can move safely.
• Support the injured side during walking.
• Use a two-person carry if needed.
• Move slowly over uneven ground.
• Watch for pain or swelling during movement.
• Wrap the ankle for support if possible.
• Stop if the injury becomes worse.

Resources

• Human Crutch Techniques (video)

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate safe walking assists first.
• Encourage good balance during carries.
• Practice on flat ground before harder terrain.
• Remind Scouts to communicate during movement.

Requirement 10e: Improvised Stretchers

What You Need To Do

Work with helpers to make an improvised stretcher and move an unconscious person safely.

Helpful Tips

• Use strong poles and blankets or jackets for the stretcher.
• Make sure the stretcher is stable before lifting.
• Lift together on a signal.
• Keep the person level during movement.
• Walk slowly and carefully.
• Watch for obstacles along the path.
• Keep the head supported during transport.
• Communicate clearly with all helpers.

Resources

• Improvised Stretchers (video)

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate stretcher building with simple materials.
• Review lifting safety before practice.
• Encourage teamwork and planning.
• Watch for proper support during movement.

Requirement 11a: Dehydration and Over-Hydration

What You Need To Do

Describe signs of dehydration and over-hydration. Show first aid steps and ways to help prevent these conditions.

Helpful Tips

• Dehydration happens when the body loses too much fluid.
• Signs include thirst, dark urine, dizziness, and weakness.
• Over-hydration happens when too much water lowers salt levels in the body.
• Symptoms may include headache, nausea, and confusion.
• Drink water regularly during activities.
• Eat snacks with salt during long outdoor events.
• Rest in shade during hot weather.
• Watch urine color to help check hydration.

Resources

• What is Dehydration? (video)
• Overhydration (video)

Leader Tips

• Encourage regular water breaks during activities.
• Discuss balanced fluid intake with Scouts.
• Watch for early warning signs during hikes.
• Review hydration plans before outdoor events.

Requirement 11b: Heat Cramps and Muscle Pain

What You Need To Do

Describe signs of heat cramps and muscle pain after exertion. Show first aid steps and ways to help prevent these problems.

Helpful Tips

• Heat cramps cause painful muscle tightening.
• Heavy exercise in hot weather increases the risk.
• Stop activity and rest in a cool place.
• Drink water or sports drinks slowly.
• Stretch cramped muscles gently.
• Avoid overexertion during hot weather.
• Take breaks during strenuous activity.
• Stay hydrated throughout the day.

Resources

• Heat Cramps, Heat Exhaustion, and Heat Stroke (video)
• Muscle Damage from Over-exercising (video)

Leader Tips

• Schedule rest breaks during hot weather.
• Encourage stretching before activities.
• Watch for muscle cramping during events.
• Remind Scouts to pace themselves.

Requirement 11c: Heat Exhaustion

What You Need To Do

Describe signs of heat exhaustion. Show first aid steps and ways to help prevent heat exhaustion.

Helpful Tips

• Heat exhaustion can cause weakness and heavy sweating.
• The person may feel dizzy or sick.
• Move the person to a cool shaded area.
• Loosen tight clothing.
• Give cool water slowly if the person is awake.
• Use cool wet cloths on the skin.
• Wear lightweight clothing in hot weather.
• Avoid too much activity during the hottest part of the day.

Resources

• Heat Exhaustion vs Heat Stroke (video)

Leader Tips

• Review heat illness signs before outdoor activities.
• Encourage frequent hydration breaks.
• Monitor Scouts closely during hot weather.
• Practice quick response during heat emergencies.

Requirement 11d: Heat Stroke

What You Need To Do

Describe signs of heat stroke. Show first aid steps and ways to help prevent heat stroke.

Helpful Tips

• Heat stroke is a life-threatening emergency.
• Symptoms may include confusion and very high body temperature.
• The person may stop sweating.
• Call emergency medical services immediately.
• Move the person to a cool area quickly.
• Cool the body with wet cloths or cool water.
• Fan the person if possible.
• Prevent heat stroke by staying hydrated and limiting heat exposure.

Resources

• Diagnosis and Treatment of Heat Stroke (video)

Leader Tips

• Stress the seriousness of heat stroke.
• Practice emergency response steps regularly.
• Encourage Scouts to report symptoms early.
• Monitor weather conditions during activities.

Requirement 11e: Chest Pain from Cold Exposure

What You Need To Do

Describe chest pain connected to cold exposure. Show first aid steps and ways to help prevent this condition.

Helpful Tips

• Cold air can make breathing harder for some people.
• Chest pain may happen during heavy activity in cold weather.
• Move the person to a warmer place.
• Help the person rest quietly.
• Loosen tight clothing if needed.
• Watch for trouble breathing or worsening pain.
• Dress in warm layers during cold weather.
• Cover the mouth and nose with a scarf in cold air.

Resources

• Heart Attacks from Shoveling Snow (video)

Leader Tips

• Discuss cold weather safety before outings.
• Encourage proper clothing during winter activities.
• Review warning signs that need medical help.
• Monitor Scouts during strenuous cold-weather activities.

Requirement 11f: Hypothermia

What You Need To Do

Describe signs of hypothermia. Show first aid steps and ways to help prevent hypothermia.

Helpful Tips

• Hypothermia happens when body temperature drops too low.
• Shivering and confusion are common signs.
• Move the person to a warm dry place.
• Remove wet clothing carefully.
• Wrap the person in dry blankets or sleeping bags.
• Give warm drinks if the person is awake.
• Wear layers in cold weather.
• Keep clothing and gear dry outdoors.

Resources

• Hypothermia (video)
• C.O.L.D. Guidelines for Staying warm (website)
• Frostbite and Hypothermia (website)
• Recognize the “Umbles” and Avoid Hypothermia (video)

Leader Tips

• Review layering and dry clothing before trips.
• Encourage Scouts to report feeling very cold.
• Practice cold weather emergency plans.
• Watch for early hypothermia signs during outings.

Requirement 12a: Stressful Situations

What You Need To Do

Describe reactions people may have during stressful situations such as public speaking, swimming tests, climbing, or meeting new people.

Helpful Tips

• Stress can cause shaking or nervousness.
• Some people may sweat or breathe faster.
• Fear can make it hard to focus.
• People may become quiet or avoid activities.
• Homesickness can cause sadness or worry at camp.
• New situations may feel uncomfortable at first.
• Stress reactions are different for each person.
• Taking slow deep breaths can help people stay calm.

Resources

• 3 Tools for Situational Anxiety (video)
• Overcoming Social Anxiety (video)
• Power of Self-Confidence (video)
• Getting Ready for Tryouts (video)

Leader Tips

• Discuss common stress situations openly.
• Encourage Scouts to support each other.
• Share simple coping ideas during activities.
• Watch for Scouts struggling during new experiences.

Requirement 12b: Managing Stressful Situations

What You Need To Do

Describe ways to prepare for and manage stressful situations safely and calmly.

Helpful Tips

• Practice skills before difficult activities.
• Ask questions if instructions are unclear.
• Break large tasks into smaller steps.
• Take slow deep breaths to stay calm.
• Talk to trusted adults or friends for support.
• Stay positive during challenging activities.
• Get enough sleep before stressful events.
• Encourage others during group activities.

Resources

• Techniques to Manage Stress (video)
• Box Breathing | The Breathing Exercise Used By Navy SEALs (video)
• Tips for Overcoming Phone Anxiety (video)
• How To STOP Letting Social Anxiety Control You (video)

Leader Tips

• Give clear instructions before activities.
• Allow extra practice time for nervous Scouts.
• Praise effort and improvement.
• Create a supportive and respectful environment.

Requirement 12c: Warning Signs of Danger

What You Need To Do

Describe signs that may show a person could be a danger to themselves or others.

Helpful Tips

• Sudden anger or violent behavior can be warning signs.
• Talking about hopelessness may signal danger.
• Threatening to hurt others is serious.
• Extreme sadness or withdrawal can be warning signs.
• Giving away important belongings may be concerning.
• Dangerous behavior should not be ignored.
• Alcohol or drug misuse may increase risk.
• Trust your instincts if something feels wrong.

Leader Tips

• Keep discussions calm and factual.
• Encourage Scouts to take warning signs seriously.
• Remind Scouts not to handle dangerous situations alone.
• Stress the importance of getting adult help quickly.

Requirement 12d: Getting Help in Dangerous Situations

What You Need To Do

Describe what actions to take if someone may be a danger to themselves or others.

Helpful Tips

• Tell a trusted adult immediately.
• Stay with the person if it is safe.
• Call emergency services for immediate danger.
• Speak calmly and respectfully.
• Avoid arguing or threatening the person.
• Keep dangerous objects away if possible.
• Take all threats seriously.
• Get help from trained adults or professionals quickly.

Leader Tips

• Remind Scouts to involve adults immediately.
• Discuss emergency contacts before activities.
• Encourage calm communication during emergencies.
• Reinforce that safety comes first.

Requirement 13a: Object in the Eye

What You Need To Do

Describe signs of an object in the eye. Show first aid steps and ways to help prevent eye injuries.

Helpful Tips

• Dust or objects in the eye may cause pain and tearing.
• The eye may become red or hard to open.
• Do not rub the eye.
• Flush the eye gently with clean water.
• Blink several times to help remove small particles.
• Cover the eye loosely if pain continues.
• Wear safety glasses during activities with flying debris.
• Keep hands away from the eyes during outdoor work.

Resources

• 5 Ways To Safely Remove Something Stuck In Your Eye (video)
• Penetrating and Chemical Eye Injuries (video)

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate safe eye flushing methods.
• Review eye protection during activities.
• Encourage Scouts to report eye injuries quickly.
• Discuss when medical care is needed.

Requirement 13b: Tooth Injuries

What You Need To Do

Describe signs of broken, chipped, loosened, or knocked out teeth. Show first aid steps and ways to help prevent dental injuries.

Helpful Tips

• Tooth injuries may cause pain and bleeding.
• Rinse the mouth gently with water.
• Apply a cold pack to reduce swelling.
• Handle a knocked out tooth by the crown only.
• Place a knocked out tooth in milk if possible.
• Get dental care quickly after tooth injuries.
• Wear mouth guards during sports.
• Avoid chewing hard objects like ice.

Resources

• Dental Emergencies (video)
• Dental Injuries (website)

Leader Tips

• Review safe handling of knocked out teeth.
• Discuss sports safety equipment.
• Encourage quick medical or dental care.
• Demonstrate cold pack placement.

Requirement 13c: Food Poisoning

What You Need To Do

Describe vomiting and diarrhea from food poisoning. Show first aid steps and ways to help prevent food poisoning.

Helpful Tips

• Food poisoning may cause stomach cramps and nausea.
• Vomiting and diarrhea can lead to dehydration.
• Encourage small sips of water or clear fluids.
• Rest in a cool comfortable place.
• Watch for signs of severe dehydration.
• Wash hands before preparing food.
• Keep cold foods cold and hot foods hot.
• Cook meats to safe temperatures.

Resources

• First Aid for Vomiting and Diarrhea (video)

Leader Tips

• Discuss food safety during camp cooking.
• Review handwashing practices often.
• Encourage proper food storage at camp.
• Remind Scouts to report symptoms early.

Requirement 13d: Abdominal Pain

What You Need To Do

Describe signs of abdominal pain. Show first aid steps and ways to help prevent some causes of stomach pain.

Helpful Tips

• Abdominal pain may range from mild to severe.
• The person may feel sick or have cramping.
• Help the person rest comfortably.
• Watch for fever or vomiting.
• Call for medical help if pain becomes severe.
• Do not give food if surgery may be needed.
• Drink water regularly during activities.
• Practice good food safety habits.

Resources

• Causes of Abdominal Pain (website)
• Appendicitis (video)
• What Does Appendix Pain Feel Like? (video)

Leader Tips

• Discuss warning signs needing medical care.
• Encourage Scouts to report severe pain quickly.
• Review hydration and nutrition during outings.
• Keep first aid responses calm and organized.

Requirement 13e: Stroke

What You Need To Do

Describe signs of a stroke. Show first aid steps and ways to help prevent strokes.

Helpful Tips

• A stroke happens when blood flow to the brain is interrupted.
• Signs may include face drooping or arm weakness.
• Speech may become slurred or confused.
• Call emergency medical services immediately.
• Note the time symptoms started.
• Keep the person calm and comfortable.
• Watch breathing and alertness closely.
• Healthy eating and exercise may lower stroke risk.

Resources

• Types of Strokes (video)
• First Aid for Stroke (video)
• FAST Symptoms and Signs of a Stroke (video)
• What Causes Strokes? (video)

Leader Tips

• Review the FAST stroke warning signs.
• Practice quick emergency response discussions.
• Stress the importance of calling for help immediately.
• Encourage Scouts to stay calm during emergencies.

Requirement 14: Teaching First Aid with the EDGE Method

What You Need To Do

Create a plan to teach a first aid skill or topic using the EDGE Method. Discuss your plan with your counselor and teach the skill to family members or other Scouts.

Helpful Tips

• EDGE stands for Explain, Demonstrate, Guide, and Enable.
• Choose a simple first aid skill for your lesson.
• Gather supplies before teaching.
• Practice the skill several times ahead of time.
• Explain the steps clearly and slowly.
• Demonstrate the skill where everyone can see.
• Let learners practice while you guide them.
• Encourage questions during the activity.
• Give positive feedback during practice.
• Keep your lesson organized and easy to follow.

Resources

• Scouting’s Teaching EDGE (website)
• The Teaching EDGE: The Best Way To Teach Someone a New Skill (website)

Leader Tips

• Help Scouts choose skills appropriate for teaching.
• Encourage simple and clear lesson plans.
• Give Scouts time to practice teaching before presenting.
• Focus on communication and confidence during instruction.

Requirement 15a: Visiting an Emergency Medical Station

What You Need To Do

Visit an emergency medical station or training center. Talk with emergency responders about their work and careers, then discuss what you learned with your counselor.

Helpful Tips

• Prepare questions before your visit.
• Ask responders about a typical workday.
• Find out what training they completed.
• Pay attention during demonstrations and tours.
• Ask how emergency workers help the community.
• Learn about teamwork during emergencies.
• Take notes during your visit if allowed.
• Thank the staff for their time and service.

Resources

• EMS Training Center Virtual Tour (video)

Leader Tips

• Help Scouts prepare respectful interview questions.
• Encourage active listening during visits.
• Discuss safety and behavior before tours.
• Remind Scouts to share specific examples afterward.

Requirement 15b: Interviewing an EMS Professional

What You Need To Do

Interview an emergency medical services professional about their career and job duties. Discuss what you learned with your counselor.

Helpful Tips

• Ask how the person became interested in EMS work.
• Find out what training and certifications are required.
• Ask about challenges and rewards of the job.
• Learn about work schedules and responsibilities.
• Ask what skills are most important in emergencies.
• Take notes during the interview.
• Dress neatly and be respectful.
• Thank the person after the interview.

Resources

• A Day with a Paramedic (video)
• Female EMS Helicopter Pilot: A Day in a Life (video)
• An ER Nurse (video)

Leader Tips

• Help Scouts prepare interview questions ahead of time.
• Encourage polite and professional behavior.
• Discuss career pathways in emergency services.
• Ask Scouts to reflect on what interested them most.

Requirement 15c: EMS Career Opportunities

What You Need To Do

Research three careers that use emergency medical skills. Choose one career for deeper research and discuss what you learned with your counselor.

Helpful Tips

• Possible careers include paramedic, nurse, and firefighter.
• Research training and education requirements carefully.
• Look into certification and licensing requirements.
• Compare starting salaries and job opportunities.
• Find out how long training programs take.
• Research costs for classes and equipment.
• Explore advancement opportunities in the field.
• Consider which work environment fits your interests.

Careers To Investigate Further

• Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)
• Paramedic
• Registered Nurse
• Emergency Room Doctor
• Firefighter
• Search and Rescue Worker
• Wilderness First Responder
• Athletic Trainer
• Lifeguard
• Military Medic
• Ski Patrol Member
• Disaster Response Worker

Resources

• 5 Careers that Require CPR & First Aid Certification (video)

Leader Tips

• Encourage Scouts to use reliable career sources.
• Discuss both education and practical experience.
• Help Scouts compare different medical careers.
• Encourage realistic career planning discussions.

Requirement 15d: EMS Skills for Hobbies and Healthy Living

What You Need To Do

Describe how emergency medical skills could help with hobbies or healthy lifestyle activities. Research training and organizations connected to those activities.

Helpful Tips

• First aid skills are useful during hiking and camping.
• Lifeguarding combines water safety and emergency care.
• Outdoor leadership programs often require first aid training.
• CPR training can help during sports activities.
• Research local clubs and organizations for training.
• Look into costs for classes and certifications.
• Set short-term and long-term personal goals.
• Keep practicing emergency response skills regularly.

Ideas To Explore

• Backpacking and wilderness camping
• Rock climbing and rappelling
• Canoeing and kayaking
• Lifeguarding at pools or camps
• Coaching youth sports
• Volunteering at community events
• Serving on camp staff
• Search and rescue volunteering
• Disaster relief volunteering
• Leading outdoor adventure trips
• Scuba diving and water rescue
• Fitness and personal training

Resources

• EMS and Fire Volunteers in Washington State (video)

Leader Tips

• Encourage Scouts to connect skills with personal interests.
• Discuss local training opportunities and organizations.
• Help Scouts create realistic personal goals.
• Reinforce the value of ongoing practice and training.

More Merit Badge Resources

Merit badges let Scouts explore many different topics, including sports, crafts, science, trades, business, and future careers. With over 100 merit badges to choose from, there’s something for everyone. Earning badges like the First Aid merit badge helps Scouts build important skills and learn how to apply them in real life. You don’t need to complete rank advancements to start earning merit badges, so any Scout can begin at any time.

Merit badges are grouped into areas like Outdoor Skills and Adventure, Science and Nature, and Health and Safety. Some badges focus on hobbies, while others teach valuable skills like first aid or entrepreneurship. The First Aid merit badge, for example, helps Scouts prepare for emergencies and support others in need. Talk to your Scoutmaster to explore the options and start earning merit badges that interest you and build your skills.

Learn More about Scouts BSA

Scouts BSA is a program for youth aged 11 to 17 that builds character, leadership, and skills through adventure and service. Activities like camping, hiking, and backpacking help Scouts develop teamwork and confidence while exploring the outdoors. Earning badges such as the First Aid merit badge allows Scouts to learn valuable life skills, preparing them to respond in emergencies and assist others.

The program focuses on personal growth and leadership, encouraging Scouts to take on challenges and work toward goals like the Eagle Scout rank. Through merit badges, including the First Aid merit badge, Scouts gain practical knowledge and experience that can benefit them in daily life. Scouts BSA welcomes youth from all backgrounds, creating a supportive environment where they can grow and succeed while living by the Scout Oath and Law.

It is clear that earning the First Aid merit badge is a valuable accomplishment for any scout. Through completing the requirements outlined by the Boy Scouts of America, scouts gain essential first aid skills that can be applied in various emergency situations. From early rank requirements to learning about triage, universal precautions, and first aid kits, scouts develop a comprehensive understanding of first aid principles.

By earning the First Aid merit badge, scouts not only gain life-saving skills but also develop confidence, leadership abilities, and a sense of responsibility. These skills and qualities can benefit scouts in various aspects of their lives, both within and outside of scouting. Whether it’s providing first aid to a family member, a friend, or even a stranger, scouts will have the confidence and ability to respond effectively in emergency situations.

It is important to note that while the First Aid merit badge can be earned individually, there may be opportunities to work on certain requirements as a group or patrol. Additionally, scouts with medical conditions or disabilities can still earn the First Aid merit badge by working with their counselor or instructor to make any necessary accommodations or modifications.

The First Aid merit badge is a valuable achievement that equips scouts with essential first aid skills and fosters personal growth. By earning this badge, scouts become prepared to respond to emergencies and make a positive impact in their communities.