Plant Science Merit Badge

Free Resources and Answers

Time: 2–4 weeks
Difficulty: Moderate
Setting: Indoor study, outdoor growing areas
Best For: Scouts interested in plants, gardening, agriculture
Hands-On Level: Moderate
Requires Camping/Travel: No
Eagle Required: No

The Plant Science Merit Badge gives you a chance to learn how plants grow and why they are important. You will explore the parts of a plant and discover what each part does. You will also learn about photosynthesis and the things plants need to stay healthy and grow.

Download an overview of the Plant Science Merit Badge

As you work on the Plant Science Merit Badge, you will spend time observing real plants. You will see how soil, water, sunlight, and temperature affect growth. You will also learn how insects and other animals can help or harm plants in different ways.

This merit badge introduces you to areas such as horticulture, agronomy, and botany. You will gain hands-on experience and learn skills you can use in a garden, at camp, or at home. Along the way, you will see how plants provide food, support wildlife, and help keep our environment healthy.

Merit Badge Requirements and Workbook / Worksheet

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Plant Science Merit Badge Requirements

Plant Science Merit Badge Workbook / Worksheet

Plant Science Merit Badge Pamphlet

Plant Science Merit Badge Printable Requirement Check Off Sheet – Agronomy Option

Plant Science Merit Badge Printable Requirement Check Off Sheet – Horticulture Option

Plant Science Merit Badge Printable Requirement Check Off Sheet – Field Botany Option

Checklist for All Merit Badges

Download an overview of the Plant Science Merit Badge

Help with Answers for Plant Science Merit Badge Requirements

Find specific helps for some of the Plant Science merit badge requirements listed below. Some of these resources will just give the answers. Others will provide engaging ways for older Scouts to introduce these concepts to new Scouts.

For requirement 8, choose ONE of the options and complete each requirement for that option.

Requirement 1: Plant Parts
Requirement 2: Photosynthesis
Requirement 3: Pollinators
Requirement 4: Plant Needs
Requirement 5: Propagation
Requirement 6: Local Plants
Requirement 7: Plant Careers
Requirement 8: Agronomy Option
Requirement 8: Horticulture Option
Requirement 8: Field Botany Option
Requirement 9: Outdoor Ethics
More Resources

Requirement 1: Plant Parts

Make a drawing and identify five or more parts of a flowering plant. Tell what each part does.

Requirement 1: Plant Parts

What You Need To Do

Make a drawing of a flowering plant and label at least five parts. Tell the purpose of each part and how it helps the plant survive and reproduce.

Helpful Tips

Pick a simple flowering plant for your drawing.
Label parts such as roots, stem, leaves, flower, fruit, and seeds.
Roots anchor the plant and take in water and minerals from the soil.
The stem supports the plant and moves water, nutrients, and food through the plant.
Leaves make food by using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
Flowers produce pollen and seeds for reproduction.
Fruits protect seeds and help spread them to new places.
Use neat labels and arrows so each part is easy to identify.
Practice describing each part in your own words before meeting with your counselor.

Resources

Leader Tips

Provide real plants for Scouts to examine while they draw.
Encourage Scouts to label more than five parts if possible.
Ask questions about the purpose of each plant part.
Check drawings for clear labels and accurate information.

Requirement 2: Photosynthesis

Explain photosynthesis and tell why this process is important. Tell at least five ways that humans depend on plants.

Requirement 2: Photosynthesis

What You Need To Do

Explain how photosynthesis works and why it is important. List at least five ways people depend on plants in everyday life.

Helpful Tips

Photosynthesis uses sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make sugar for the plant.
Plants release oxygen during photosynthesis.
Oxygen from plants supports human and animal life.
Plants provide food such as fruits, vegetables, grains, nuts, and beans.
Many farm animals depend on plants for food.
Wood from trees is used to build homes and furniture.
Cotton from plants is used to make clothing.
Paper products come from trees.
Plant roots help hold soil in place and reduce erosion.
Plants provide shelter and food for many kinds of wildlife.
Practice explaining photosynthesis in a few simple sentences.

Resources

Leader Tips

Use diagrams or real plants to show how photosynthesis works.
Encourage Scouts to connect plants to things they use every day.
Ask Scouts for examples of products that come from plants.
Keep discussions focused on practical uses and simple explanations.

Requirement 3: Pollinators

Explain how honeybees and other pollinating insects are important to plant life.

Why Pollinators Matter

What You Need To Do

Explain how photosynthesis works and why it is important. List at least five ways people depend on plants in everyday life.

Helpful Tips

Photosynthesis uses sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make sugar for the plant.
Plants release oxygen during photosynthesis.
Oxygen from plants supports human and animal life.
Plants provide food such as fruits, vegetables, grains, nuts, and beans.
Many farm animals depend on plants for food.
Wood from trees is used to build homes and furniture.
Cotton from plants is used to make clothing.
Paper products come from trees.
Plant roots help hold soil in place and reduce erosion.
Plants provide shelter and food for many kinds of wildlife.
Practice explaining photosynthesis in a few simple sentences.

Resources

Leader Tips

Use diagrams or real plants to show how photosynthesis works.
Encourage Scouts to connect plants to things they use every day.
Ask Scouts for examples of products that come from plants.
Keep discussions focused on practical uses and simple explanations.

Requirement 4: Plant Needs

Explain how water, light, air, temperature, and pests affect plants. Describe the nature and function of soil and explain its importance. Tell about the texture, structure, and composition of fertile soil. Tell how soil may be improved.

Requirement 4: Plant Needs

What You Need To Do

Explain how water, light, air, temperature, and pests affect plants. Describe the purpose of soil, the qualities of fertile soil, and ways to improve soil for plant growth.

Helpful Tips

Water carries nutrients through the plant and helps it stay healthy.
Too little water can cause plants to wilt and dry out.
Too much water can damage roots and cause rot.
Sunlight provides the energy plants use during photosynthesis.
Carbon dioxide from the air is used to make plant food.
Plant roots need air in the soil to stay healthy.
Warm temperatures usually help plants grow faster.
Frost and extreme heat can damage plants.
Insects, diseases, and other pests can harm leaves, stems, roots, and fruits.
Soil supports plants and holds water and nutrients for the roots.
Fertile soil contains sand, silt, clay, organic matter, air, water, and living organisms.
Sandy soil drains quickly, clay soil holds more water, and silt feels smooth.
Good soil structure has loose clumps that allow roots, water, and air to move easily.
Adding compost can improve soil quality and add nutrients.
Mulch helps soil hold moisture and reduces temperature changes.
Avoid compacting soil by staying off garden beds when possible.

Resources

Leader Tips

Let Scouts handle different soil samples when available.
Use garden plants or local examples to discuss plant needs.
Encourage Scouts to compare healthy plants with unhealthy ones.
Keep explanations connected to real growing conditions they can see and use.

Requirement 5: Propagation

Tell how to propagate plants by seeds, roots, cuttings, tubers, and grafting. Grow a plant by ONE of these methods.

Requirement 5: Propagation

What You Need To Do

Describe five ways plants can be propagated: seeds, roots, cuttings, tubers, and grafting. Then grow a plant using one of these methods and keep track of its progress.

Helpful Tips

Seeds contain a young plant and stored food for early growth.
Most seeds need water, air, and the right temperature to sprout.
Root propagation uses sections of roots to grow new plants.
Some perennials can be divided into root sections and replanted.
Cuttings are pieces of stems or leaves taken from a healthy plant.
Cuttings can grow new roots when placed in water or moist soil.
Tubers are underground stems that store food for the plant.
Potatoes are a common example of a tuber.
Each potato eye can produce a new plant.
Grafting joins part of one plant to another plant so they grow together.
Fruit trees are often propagated by grafting.
Choose a propagation method that is easy to complete in your area.
Take photos or keep notes as your plant grows.
Water your plant regularly and provide the correct amount of sunlight.

Resources

Leader Tips

Offer several propagation options so Scouts can choose one that interests them.
Encourage Scouts to document growth with notes or pictures.
Check on projects during meetings to keep Scouts engaged.
Focus on the process of growing the plant, not just the final result.

Requirement 6: Local Plants

List by common name at least 10 native plants and 10 cultivated plants that grow near your home. List five invasive non-native plants in your area and tell how they may be harmful. Tell how the spread of invasive plants may be avoided or controlled in ways that are not damaging to humans, wildlife, and the environment.

Requirement 6: Local Plants

What You Need To Do

Make a list of at least 10 native plants and 10 cultivated plants that grow near your home. Identify five invasive non-native plants in your area, describe problems they cause, and discuss safe ways to prevent or control their spread.

Helpful Tips

Use a field guide, plant app, nature center, or local extension office to identify plants.
Native plants grow naturally in a region and support local wildlife.
Cultivated plants are planted and maintained by people.
Visit parks, gardens, neighborhoods, or natural areas to find examples.
Record common names carefully in a notebook or worksheet.
Take photos to help with identification later.
Invasive plants spread quickly and compete with native plants for space, water, and sunlight.
Some invasive plants reduce food and shelter for wildlife.
Invasive plants can lower plant diversity in natural areas.
Bush honeysuckle, garlic mustard, buckthorn, Japanese knotweed, and kudzu are examples found in many parts of the United States.
Pulling young invasive plants by hand can reduce their spread.
Remove invasive plants before they produce seeds when possible.
Planting native species can help restore affected areas.
Check local resources because invasive species vary by region.

Resources

Leader Tips

Encourage Scouts to use local examples instead of lists from other regions.
Visit a park, nature trail, or garden if possible.
Help Scouts distinguish between native, cultivated, and invasive plants.
Remind Scouts to verify plant identifications with reliable sources.

Requirement 7: Plant Careers

Do ONE of the following:

Explore careers related to this merit badge. Research one career to learn about the training and education needed, costs, job prospects, salary, job duties, and career advancement. Your research methods may include—with your parent or guardian’s permission—an internet or library search, an interview with a professional in the field, or a visit to a location where people in this career work. Discuss with your counselor both your findings and what about this profession might make it an interesting career.
Explore how you could use knowledge and skills from this merit badge to pursue a hobby or healthy lifestyle. Research any training needed, expenses, and organizations that promote or support it. Discuss with your counselor what short-term and long-term goals you might have if you pursued this.

Requirement 7a: Plant Science Careers

What You Need To Do

Research a career related to plant science. Find information about education, training, costs, job duties, salary, job opportunities, and advancement, then discuss your findings with your counselor.

Helpful Tips

Choose a career that matches your interests.
Research the education needed after high school.
Find out how much training programs or college courses cost.
Look up typical job duties performed each day.
Research salary ranges in your area or across the country.
Check job outlook information to see future demand.
Look for opportunities to move into leadership or specialized positions.
Interview a professional if possible.
Visit a workplace if an opportunity is available.
Keep notes so you can discuss your findings with your counselor.

Careers To Consider

Agronomist
Soil scientist
Crop advisor
Farm manager
Greenhouse grower
Nursery manager
Landscape designer
Arborist
Botanist
Plant ecologist
Plant biologist
Herbarium technician
Conservation specialist
Agricultural researcher

Resources

Leader Tips

Help Scouts choose careers that fit their interests.
Encourage Scouts to use several research sources.
Invite local professionals to speak with the group if possible.
Focus on real-world job duties and career paths.

Requirement 7b: Plant Science Hobbies And Healthy Lifestyles

What You Need To Do

Research a hobby or healthy lifestyle activity that uses plant science knowledge. Find out about training, costs, supporting organizations, and goals you could set if you continue with the activity.

Helpful Tips

Choose a hobby you would enjoy doing regularly.
Research any classes, books, clubs, or workshops that support the hobby.
Make a list of supplies and equipment you might need.
Compare start-up costs for different activities.
Look for local groups that share the same interest.
Set a short-term goal you can complete within a few months.
Set a long-term goal that could take several years.
Keep track of skills you develop along the way.
Consider activities that encourage time outdoors and physical activity.
Discuss how the hobby could fit into your daily life.

Hobbies To Consider

Vegetable gardening
Growing houseplants
Native plant gardening
Wildflower gardening
Bonsai growing
Community gardening
Beekeeping
Plant identification
Nature journaling
Bird-friendly gardening
Herb gardening
Seed saving

Resources

Leader Tips

Encourage Scouts to choose hobbies they can continue at home.
Help Scouts find local clubs and organizations.
Discuss realistic costs and time commitments.
Guide Scouts in setting achievable short-term and long-term goals.

Requirement 8: Agronomy Option

For requirement 8, choose one of the 3 options. This section is for option A, agronomy.

Do ALL of the following:

Describe how to prepare a seedbed.
Make and use a seed germination tester to test 50 seeds of four of the following plants: corn, cotton, alfalfa, soybeans, clover, wheat, rice, rye, barley. Determine the percentage of live seeds.
Explain one important insect pest and one important disease that damage each of the following: corn, small grains, and cotton. Collect and name five weeds that compete with crops in your locality. Tell how to control these weeds without harming people, wildlife, or useful insects.
On a map of the United States, identify the chief regions where corn, cotton, forage crops, small grain crops, and oil crops grow. Tell how the climate and location of these regions make them leaders in the production of these crops.
Complete ONE of the following alternatives:
1. Corn
  1. Grow a plot of corn and have your plot inspected by your counselor. Record seed variety or experimental code number.
  2. Tell about modern methods of commercial corn farming and the contributions that corn makes to today’s food and fuel supply.
  3. Tell about an insect that can damage corn, and explain how it affects corn production and how it is controlled.
2. Cotton
  1. Grow a plot of cotton and have your plot inspected by your counselor.
  2. Tell about modern methods of commercial cotton farming, and about the uses of cotton fiber and seed and the economic value of this crop.
  3. Tell about an insect that can damage cotton, and explain how it affects cotton production and how it is controlled.
3. Forage Crops
  1. Collect, count, and label samples of each for display: perennial grasses, annual grasses, legumes, and broadleaf weeds. Indicate how each grass and legume is used. Keep a log of the site where you found each sample and share it with your counselor.
  2. Explain how legumes can be used to enrich the soil and how they may deplete it under certain conditions. Explain how livestock may enrich or deplete the soil.
  3. Name five poisonous plants that are dangerous to livestock, and tell the different ways of using forage crops as feed for livestock.
4. Small Grains
  1. Give production figures for small grain crops listed in the U.S. Statistical Report or Agricultural Statistics Handbook for the latest year available.
  2. Help in harvesting a crop of grain. Tell how to reduce harvesting losses and about modern methods of growing one small grain crop.
  3. Visit a grain elevator, flour mill, cereal plant, feed or seed company. Talk with the operator. Take notes, and describe the processes used and tell your patrol, troop, or class about your visit.
5. Oil Crops
  1. Grow a plot of soybeans and have your plot inspected by your counselor.
  2. Tell about modern methods of growing soybeans on a commercial scale, and discuss the contributions soybeans make to our food supply.
  3. Explain why a hard frost can be dangerous to soybeans just after emergence.

Requirement 8A(1): Preparing A Seedbed

What You Need To Do

Describe the steps used to prepare a seedbed for planting. A good seedbed provides seeds with contact with soil, moisture, air, and room for roots to grow.

Helpful Tips

Remove weeds, rocks, sticks, and debris from the planting area.
Loosen the soil with a shovel, hoe, rake, or garden fork.
Break up large soil clumps into smaller pieces.
Mix compost or organic matter into the soil if needed.
Level the soil surface with a rake.
Make sure water can drain without forming puddles.
Follow seed packet directions for planting depth.
Leave enough space between rows and plants.
Water the area after planting if the soil is dry.
Keep the seedbed free of weeds while seeds are growing.

Resources

Leader Tips

Let Scouts prepare a small seedbed themselves.
Demonstrate proper use of garden tools.
Discuss how soil conditions affect germination.
Encourage Scouts to compare prepared and unprepared soil.

Requirement 8A(2): Seed Germination Test

What You Need To Do

Build and use a germination tester. Test 50 seeds from four approved crop plants and calculate the percentage of seeds that germinate.

Helpful Tips

Count exactly 50 seeds for each crop.
Place seeds between damp paper towels.
Keep the towels moist but not soaked.
Put the towels in a warm location.
Label each group of seeds.
Check the seeds every day.
Count the number of seeds that sprout.
Divide the number of sprouted seeds by 50.
Multiply by 100 to find the germination percentage.
Record your results for each crop tested.

Resources

How to Do Seed Germination Test (video)

Leader Tips

Help Scouts keep accurate records.
Review how to calculate percentages.
Encourage daily observations.
Compare results from different seed types.

Requirement 8A(3): Crop Pests, Diseases, And Weeds

What You Need To Do

Identify one important insect pest and one important disease affecting corn, small grains, and cotton. Collect and identify five local weeds and describe safe control methods.

Helpful Tips

Corn rootworm is a common insect pest of corn.
Corn leaf blight is a disease that damages corn leaves.
Aphids can damage wheat and other small grains.
Rust diseases commonly affect small grains.
Boll weevils and cotton fleahoppers can damage cotton.
Cotton wilt and boll rot can reduce cotton production.
Collect weed samples only where permitted.
Label each weed with its common name.
Hand pulling can control many weeds.
Mulch helps reduce weed growth.
Mowing can prevent some weeds from producing seeds.
Planting healthy crops can reduce weed competition.

Resources

Leader Tips

Help Scouts identify local weed species.
Discuss integrated pest management practices.
Focus on safe weed control methods.
Encourage Scouts to compare different crop problems.

Requirement 8A(4): Major Crop Regions

What You Need To Do

Locate the main growing regions for corn, cotton, forage crops, small grains, and oil crops in the United States. Explain how climate and geography support production.

Helpful Tips

Corn is heavily grown in the Midwest Corn Belt.
Cotton is common in southern states.
Wheat is widely grown in the Great Plains.
Soybeans are important oil crops in the Midwest.
Forage crops are grown throughout many livestock regions.
Warm temperatures help cotton production.
Long growing seasons support many southern crops.
Rich soils help increase crop yields.
Adequate rainfall supports healthy plant growth.
Flat land often makes farming easier.

Resources

Leader Tips

Use maps to identify crop regions.
Connect crops with local climate conditions.
Encourage Scouts to look for patterns.
Discuss why farmers grow different crops in different regions.

Requirement 8A(5a): Corn

What You Need To Do

Grow a plot of corn, record the variety planted, describe commercial corn farming, and explain one insect pest that affects corn.

Helpful Tips

Plant corn in full sunlight.
Follow spacing recommendations for the variety used.
Keep weeds under control.
Water plants during dry periods.
Record the seed variety name.
Watch plant growth throughout the season.
Modern corn farms often use tractors, planters, and combines.
Corn is used for food, animal feed, and fuel products.
Corn rootworm is a major insect pest.
Crop rotation helps reduce rootworm populations.

Resources

Leader Tips

Help Scouts choose an appropriate planting site.
Encourage regular observations.
Discuss local corn production practices.
Review common corn pests and control methods.

Requirement 8A(5b): Cotton

What You Need To Do

Grow a plot of cotton, describe commercial cotton farming, and explain one insect pest that affects cotton.

Helpful Tips

Plant cotton after the danger of frost has passed.
Choose a sunny location.
Keep weeds under control.
Water plants when needed.
Monitor plants throughout the growing season.
Modern cotton farms use specialized planting and harvesting equipment.
Cotton fiber is used to make clothing and many other products.
Cottonseed is used for oil and animal feed.
Cotton fleahoppers can damage young cotton plants.
Farmers use monitoring and pest management programs to control insects.

Resources

Leader Tips

Discuss whether cotton grows well in your region.
Encourage careful record keeping.
Compare cotton farming with other crops.
Review common cotton pests and management methods.

Requirement 8A(5c): Forage Crops

What You Need To Do

Collect and label samples of forage plants and weeds. Explain how legumes and livestock affect soil and identify poisonous plants that can harm livestock.

Helpful Tips

Collect samples where permitted.
Label grasses, legumes, and weeds separately.
Keep a record of collection locations.
Alfalfa and clover are common forage legumes.
Legumes add nitrogen to the soil through root bacteria.
Overgrazing can reduce soil quality.
Livestock manure can add nutrients to soil.
Poison hemlock is dangerous to livestock.
Black cherry leaves can be toxic under some conditions.
Jimsonweed, water hemlock, and locoweed can also be harmful.
Hay, silage, pasture, and green chop are common forage feeds.

Resources

Leader Tips

Review local safety concerns before collecting samples.
Help Scouts identify forage plants correctly.
Discuss responsible grazing practices.
Encourage accurate record keeping.

Requirement 8A(5d): Small Grains

What You Need To Do

Research production figures, help harvest a grain crop, and visit a grain-related business or facility.

Helpful Tips

Use current USDA statistics when gathering production data.
Common small grains include wheat, oats, rye, and barley.
Help safely with harvesting activities.
Keep equipment safety a priority.
Modern grain farming often uses combines and precision agriculture.
Reducing harvest losses helps farmers increase profits.
Take notes during your visit.
Ask questions about storage, processing, or distribution.
Record information about equipment and procedures.
Share your findings with your troop, patrol, or class.

Resources

Leader Tips

Help Scouts locate reliable production statistics.
Arrange visits well in advance.
Encourage thoughtful questions during visits.
Review safety expectations before any field trip.

Requirement 8A(5e): Oil Crops

What You Need To Do

Grow a plot of soybeans, describe commercial soybean production, and explain why frost can be dangerous after emergence.

Helpful Tips

Plant soybeans at the recommended depth.
Choose a sunny location.
Keep weeds under control.
Monitor plant growth throughout the season.
Commercial soybean farms often use large planting and harvesting equipment.
Soybeans are used in foods, cooking oils, livestock feed, and many industrial products.
Healthy soybean plants need adequate moisture and nutrients.
Young soybean plants are vulnerable after emergence.
Hard frost can damage leaves and growing points.
Severe frost damage can reduce yields or kill young plants.

Resources

Leader Tips

Help Scouts select an appropriate planting area.
Encourage regular observations and notes.
Discuss the many products made from soybeans.
Review weather risks that affect crop production.

Requirement 8: Horticulture Option

For requirement 8, choose one of the 3 options. This section is for option B, horticulture.

Do ALL of the following:

Visit one of the following places and tell what you learned about horticulture there: public garden, arboretum, retail nursery, wholesale nursery, production greenhouse, or conservatory greenhouse.
Explain the following terms: hardiness zone, shade tolerance, pH, moisture requirement, native habitat, texture, cultivar, ultimate size, disease resistance, habit, evergreen, deciduous, annual, and perennial. Find out what hardiness zone you live in and list 10 landscape plants you like that are suitable for your climate, giving the common name and scientific name for each.
Do ONE of the following:
1. Explain the difference between vegetative and sexual propagation methods, and tell some horticultural advantages of each. Grow a plant from a stem or root cutting or graft.
2. Transplant 12 seedlings or rooted cuttings to larger containers and grow them for at least one month.
3. Demonstrate good pruning techniques and tell why pruning is important.
4. After obtaining permission, plant a tree or shrub properly in an appropriate site.
Do the following:
1. Explain the importance of good landscape design and selection of plants that are suitable for particular sites and conditions.
2. Tell why it is important to know how big a plant will grow.
3. Tell why slower-growing landscape plants are sometimes a better choice than faster-growing varieties.
Do ALL of the requirements in ONE of the following alternatives:
1. Bedding Plants
  1. Grow bedding plants appropriate for your area in pots or flats from seed or cuttings in a manufactured soil mix. Explain why you chose the mix and tell what is in it.
  2. Transplant plants to a bed in the landscape and maintain the bed until the end of the growing season. Record your activities, observations, materials used, and costs.
  3. Demonstrate mulching, fertilizing, watering, weeding, and deadheading, and tell how each practice helps your plants.
  4. Tell some differences between gardening with annuals and perennials.
2. Fruit, Berry, and Nut Crops
  1. Plant five fruit or nut trees, grapevines, or berry plants that are suited to your area. Take full care of fruit or nut trees, grapevines, or berry plants through one season.
  2. Prune a tree, vine, or shrub properly. Explain why pruning is necessary.
  3. Demonstrate one type of graft and tell why this method is useful.
  4. Describe how one fruit, nut, or berry crop is processed for use.
3. Woody Ornamentals
  1. Plant five or more trees or shrubs in a landscape setting. Take full care of the trees or shrubs you have planted for one growing season.
  2. Prune a tree or shrub properly. Explain why pruning is necessary.
  3. List 10 trees (in addition to those listed in general requirement 6 above) and tell your counselor how each is used in the landscape. Give the common and scientific names.
  4. Describe the size, texture, color, flowers, leaves, fruit, hardiness, cultural requirements, and any special characteristics that make each type of tree or shrub attractive or interesting.
  5. Tell five ways trees help improve the quality of our environment.
4. Home Gardening
  1. Design and plant a garden or landscape that is at least 10 by 10 feet.
  2. Plant 10 or more different types of plants in your garden. Tell why you selected particular varieties of vegetables and flowers. Take care of the plants in your garden for one season.
  3. Demonstrate soil preparation, staking, watering, weeding, mulching, composting, fertilizing, pest management, and pruning. Tell why each technique is used.
  4. Tell four types of things you could provide to make your home landscape or park a better place for birds and wildlife. List the common and scientific names of 10 kinds of native plants that are beneficial to birds and wildlife in your area.

Requirement 8B(1): Horticulture Visit

What You Need To Do

Visit a public garden, arboretum, nursery, greenhouse, or conservatory. Share what you learned about horticulture during your visit.

Helpful Tips

Take notes during your visit.
Look for different types of plants.
Pay attention to how plants are cared for.
Observe watering and fertilizing methods.
Notice how plants are labeled and organized.
Ask questions if staff members are available.
Look for examples of plant propagation.
Record interesting plants you see.
Take photos if allowed.
Share specific examples when talking with your counselor.

Resources

Horticulture Center Tour (video)

Leader Tips

Help Scouts arrange visits ahead of time.
Encourage Scouts to ask questions.
Suggest taking notes during the visit.
Discuss observations after the trip.

Requirement 8B(2): Horticulture Terms And Hardiness Zones

What You Need To Do

Explain important horticulture terms, identify your hardiness zone, and list 10 landscape plants suitable for your climate with both common and scientific names.

Helpful Tips

Hardiness zone shows the average winter temperature range.
Shade tolerance describes how much shade a plant can handle.
pH measures soil acidity or alkalinity.
Moisture requirement refers to how much water a plant needs.
Native habitat is the environment where a plant naturally grows.
Texture describes the appearance of leaves or plant parts.
A cultivar is a selected plant variety.
Ultimate size is the mature height and width of a plant.
Disease resistance helps plants avoid certain diseases.
Habit describes a plant’s growth form.
Evergreen plants keep leaves year-round.
Deciduous plants lose leaves seasonally.
Annual plants complete their life cycle in one growing season.
Perennial plants return for multiple years.
Use reliable plant references when creating your list.

Resources

Leader Tips

Review definitions with real plant examples.
Help Scouts locate their hardiness zone.
Encourage accurate scientific names.
Focus on plants suitable for the local climate.

Requirement 8B(3a): Plant Propagation

What You Need To Do

Explain vegetative and sexual propagation methods. Grow a plant from a cutting, root section, or graft.

Helpful Tips

Sexual propagation uses seeds.
Seeds contain genetic material from parent plants.
Vegetative propagation uses plant parts instead of seeds.
Cuttings produce plants that match the parent plant.
Root divisions create new plants from existing roots.
Grafting joins parts of two plants together.
Seed propagation often produces genetic variation.
Vegetative propagation usually gives predictable results.
Keep propagation materials moist.
Record growth throughout the project.

Resources

Leader Tips

Demonstrate several propagation methods.
Help Scouts select an appropriate project.
Encourage good record keeping.
Review safety when using tools.

Requirement 8B(3b): Transplanting Seedlings

What You Need To Do

Move 12 seedlings or rooted cuttings into larger containers and care for them for at least one month.

Helpful Tips

Water plants before transplanting.
Handle seedlings gently.
Hold plants by leaves instead of stems when possible.
Use clean containers with drainage holes.
Fill containers with quality potting mix.
Plant seedlings at the proper depth.
Water immediately after transplanting.
Protect plants from extreme temperatures.
Monitor growth each week.
Record care and observations.

Resources

Leader Tips

Demonstrate proper transplanting techniques.
Provide suitable containers and soil.
Encourage regular plant care.
Check progress during the month.

Requirement 8B(3c): Pruning

What You Need To Do

Demonstrate proper pruning techniques and explain why pruning is important.

Helpful Tips

Use clean, sharp pruning tools.
Remove dead or damaged branches first.
Make cuts just above buds or branch collars.
Avoid tearing bark when cutting branches.
Improve air circulation through the plant.
Remove crossing branches when appropriate.
Pruning can improve plant appearance.
Pruning can improve flowering and fruit production.
Remove diseased plant material promptly.
Follow species-specific pruning recommendations.

Resources

Transplanting Ferns & Other Plants: A Guide to Success (video)
The Big Five – Weeding, Pruning, Fertilizing, Mulching, Watering (video)
The Difference Between Annuals and Perennials (video)
Annuals or Perennials? Which Is Best, and How Do I Choose? (video)

Leader Tips

Demonstrate proper cuts before Scouts begin.
Emphasize tool safety.
Use live plants when possible.
Explain the purpose of each cut.

Requirement 8B(3d): Planting A Tree Or Shrub

What You Need To Do

Obtain permission and properly plant a tree or shrub in a suitable location.

Helpful Tips

Choose a species suited to the site.
Check the mature size before planting.
Dig a hole wider than the root ball.
Keep the root flare near ground level.
Loosen circling roots if needed.
Backfill with the original soil.
Water thoroughly after planting.
Add mulch around the base.
Keep mulch away from the trunk.
Monitor moisture during the first growing season.

Resources

Leader Tips

Help Scouts choose appropriate planting sites.
Demonstrate proper planting depth.
Discuss long-term care needs.
Encourage regular follow-up care.

Requirement 8B(4): Landscape Design

What You Need To Do

Explain why good landscape design matters, why mature plant size is important, and why slower-growing plants are sometimes preferred.

Helpful Tips

Good design helps plants fit the available space.
Plant selection should match sunlight conditions.
Soil conditions affect plant success.
Water availability should be considered.
Mature size prevents overcrowding.
Large plants can block views or pathways.
Small plants may disappear among larger plants.
Slow-growing plants often require less pruning.
Slower growth can reduce maintenance needs.
Well-chosen plants often remain healthy longer.
Proper plant placement improves appearance.
Good planning can reduce future problems.

Resources

Leader Tips

Use local landscapes as examples.
Discuss plant growth over many years.
Encourage long-term planning.
Compare successful and unsuccessful plant choices.

Requirement 8B(5a): Bedding Plants

What You Need To Do

Grow bedding plants, transplant them into a landscape bed, maintain them through the season, and demonstrate common plant care practices.

Helpful Tips

Choose bedding plants suited to your climate.
Use a quality manufactured soil mix.
Record what ingredients are in the mix.
Start plants from seeds or cuttings.
Transplant carefully to avoid root damage.
Water plants regularly.
Apply mulch to help conserve moisture.
Remove weeds before they become established.
Fertilize according to plant needs.
Remove spent flowers through deadheading.
Keep records of activities, materials, and costs.
Compare annual and perennial plants during the project.

Resources

Leader Tips

Encourage detailed records throughout the season.
Demonstrate proper maintenance techniques.
Help Scouts identify plant problems early.
Review differences between annuals and perennials.

Requirement 8: Field Botany Option

For requirement 8, choose one of the 3 options. This section is for option C, field botany.

Do all of the following:

Visit a park, forest, Scout camp, or other natural area near your home. While you are there:
1. Determine which species of plants are the largest and which are the most abundant. Note whether they cast shade on other plants.
2. Using information from maps, textbooks, or the internet, describe the environmental factors that may influence the presence of plants on your site, including latitude, climate, air and soil temperature, soil type and pH, geology, hydrology, and topography.
3. Record any differences in the types of plants you see at the edge of a forest, near water, in burned areas, or near a road or railroad.
Select a study site that is at least 100 by 100 feet. Make a list of 10 woody plants (trees and shrubs) and 10 non-woody plants in the study site. Find out which of these are native plants and which are exotic (or nonnative).
Tell how an identification key works and use a simple key to identify 10 kinds of plants (in addition to those in general requirement 5 above). Tell the difference between common and scientific names and tell why scientific names are important.
After gaining permission, collect, identify, press, mount, and label 10 different plants that are common in your area. Tell why voucher specimens are important for documentation of a field botanist’s discoveries.
Obtain a list of rare plants of your state. Tell what is being done to protect rare plants and natural areas in your state. Write a paragraph about one of the rare plants in your state.
Do ALL of the requirements in ONE of the following alternatives:
1. Tree Inventory
  1. Identify the trees of your neighborhood, a park, a section of your town, or a Scout camp.
  2. Collect, press, and label leaves, flowers, or fruits to document your inventory.
  3. List the types of trees by scientific name and give common names. Note the number and size (diameter at 4 1/2 feet above ground) of trees observed and determine the largest of each species in your study area.
  4. Show two or more people how to use a leaf or twig key to identify at least five species of trees or shrubs.
2. Transect Study
  1. Visit two sites, at least one of which is different from the one you visited for Field Botany requirement 1.
  2. Use the transect method to study the two different kinds of plant communities. The transects should be at least 500 feet long.
  3. At each site, record observations about the soil and other influencing factors AND do the following. Then make a graph or chart to show the results of your studies.
    1. Identify each tree within 10 feet of the transect line.
    2. Measure the diameter of each tree at 4 1/2 feet above the ground, and map and list each tree.
3. Nested Plot
  1. Visit two sites, at least one of which is different from the one you visited for Field Botany requirement 1.
  2. Mark off nested plots and inventory two different kinds of plant communities.
  3. At each site, record observations about the soil and other influencing factors AND do the following. Then make a graph or chart to show the results of your studies.
    1. Identify, measure, and map each tree in a 100-by-100-foot plot. (Measure the diameter of each tree larger than 3 inches in diameter at 4 1/2 feet above the ground.)
    2. Identify and count all trees and shrubs in a 10-by-10-foot plot within each of the larger areas.
    3. Identify and count all broad-leaved plants (trees, shrubs, vines, and herbaceous plants) all plants (wildflowers, ferns, grasses, mosses, etc.) of a 4-by-4-foot plot within the 10-by-10-foot plot.
4. Herbarium Visit
  1. Write ahead and arrange to visit an herbarium at a university, park, or botanical garden; OR, visit an herbarium website (with your parent or guardian’s permission).
  2. Tell how the specimens are arranged and how they are used by researchers. If possible, observe voucher specimens of a plant that is rare in your state.
  3. Tell how a voucher specimen is mounted and prepared for permanent storage. Tell how specimens should be handled so that they will not be damaged.
  4. Tell about the tools and references used by botanists in an herbarium.
5. Plant Conservation Organization Visit
  1. Write ahead and arrange to visit a private conservation organization or government agency that is concerned with protecting rare plants and natural areas.
  2. Tell about the activities of the organization in studying and protecting rare plants and natural areas.
  3. If possible, visit a nature preserve managed by the organization. Tell about land management activities such as controlled burning, or measures to eradicate invasive (nonnative) plants or other threats to the plants that are native to the area.

Requirement 8C(1): Natural Area Plant Study

What You Need To Do

Visit a natural area and study the plants growing there. Identify dominant plants, examine environmental factors, and compare plant communities in different locations.

Helpful Tips

Visit a park, forest, Scout camp, or similar natural area.
Identify the largest plant species you find.
Identify the most common plant species.
Record which plants create shade for other plants.
Examine soil, water sources, and land features.
Look for differences between sunny and shaded areas.
Compare plants near water and plants in dry locations.
Look for changes near roads, trails, or disturbed areas.
Record observations in a notebook.
Take photographs to support your notes.

Resources

Environmental Factors Affecting Plant Growth (website)

Leader Tips

Encourage careful observation instead of quick identification.
Discuss how environmental conditions affect plant growth.
Help Scouts organize field notes.
Review safety rules before visiting natural areas.

Requirement 8C(2): Study Site Inventory

What You Need To Do

Select a study site at least 100 feet by 100 feet. Identify 10 woody plants and 10 non-woody plants, and determine which are native and non-native.

Helpful Tips

Mark the boundaries of your study site.
Woody plants include trees and shrubs.
Non-woody plants include grasses, ferns, and wildflowers.
Use field guides or plant identification apps.
Record both common and scientific names when possible.
Note where each plant is located.
Research whether each species is native or exotic.
Native plants naturally occur in the region.
Exotic plants were introduced from other areas.
Keep a complete species list for reference.

Resources

Native Plants vs Exotic Plants | Which Are More Beneficial to the Ecosystem (video)

Leader Tips

Help Scouts choose manageable study sites.
Encourage accurate identification methods.
Review differences between native and non-native plants.
Check inventories for completeness.

Requirement 8C(3): Plant Identification Keys

What You Need To Do

Explain how an identification key works and use one to identify 10 plant species. Describe the difference between common and scientific names.

Helpful Tips

Identification keys use a series of choices.
Each choice narrows the possibilities.
Leaf shape is often used in keys.
Flower structure can help identify species.
Bark characteristics may help identify trees.
Common names vary by region.
Scientific names are used worldwide.
Scientific names reduce confusion.
Practice using a simple dichotomous key.
Verify identifications using more than one source.

Resources

Leader Tips

Demonstrate a simple key before field use.
Encourage patience during identification.
Review scientific naming conventions.
Check plant identifications together.

Requirement 8C(4): Plant Collection And Voucher Specimens

What You Need To Do

With permission, collect, press, mount, and label 10 common plants. Explain the purpose of voucher specimens.

Helpful Tips

Obtain permission before collecting plants.
Collect only common species.
Include leaves, flowers, or fruits when available.
Place specimens between sheets of paper.
Press plants flat while drying.
Attach dried plants securely to mounting paper.
Label each specimen clearly.
Include collection date and location.
Include the plant’s common and scientific names.
Voucher specimens provide permanent records of plant discoveries.

Resources

Pressing Plants for Herbarium Study (video)

Leader Tips

Review collection ethics before beginning.
Help Scouts create complete labels.
Demonstrate proper pressing techniques.
Emphasize careful handling of specimens.

Requirement 8C(5): Rare Plants And Conservation

What You Need To Do

Find a list of rare plants in your state. Research conservation efforts and write about one rare plant species.

Helpful Tips

Use state conservation resources.
Look for endangered and threatened species.
Record the habitat of your chosen plant.
Research why the species is rare.
Habitat loss is a common threat.
Invasive plants can threaten rare species.
Pollution may affect plant populations.
Protected areas help conserve rare plants.
Native plant restoration supports conservation.
Include several facts in your paragraph.

Resources

Rare Plant Profiles (website)

Leader Tips

Help Scouts locate reliable state resources.
Encourage local examples when possible.
Discuss conservation challenges.
Review written work for accuracy.

Requirement 8C(6a): Tree Inventory

What You Need To Do

Inventory the trees in a neighborhood, park, town section, or Scout camp. Document species, sizes, and identifying features.

Helpful Tips

Identify trees using leaves, bark, flowers, fruits, or twigs.
Record common names and scientific names.
Count the number of each species.
Measure trunk diameter at 4½ feet above the ground.
Record the largest tree of each species.
Collect leaves or fruits when permitted.
Press and label collected materials.
Organize information in a chart.
Compare tree species across the area.
Teach others how to use an identification key.

Resources

How to Use Twigs to Identify Trees (video)

Leader Tips

Demonstrate tree measurement techniques.
Review identification methods.
Encourage accurate record keeping.
Have Scouts share findings with others.

Requirement 8C(6b): Transect Study

What You Need To Do

Study two plant communities using transects at least 500 feet long. Record plant and tree data and create a graph or chart.

Helpful Tips

Select two different study sites.
Stretch a measuring tape or marked line for the transect.
Identify trees within 10 feet of the line.
Measure tree diameters at 4½ feet above ground.
Record species and locations.
Note soil conditions.
Record sunlight levels.
Observe moisture conditions.
Create a table of observations.
Use the data to make a graph or chart.

Resources

Weekly Science Challenge #5: Create a Transect (video)

Leader Tips

Demonstrate transect methods before fieldwork.
Help Scouts organize data collection.
Emphasize accurate measurements.
Review graphs and charts together.

Requirement 8C(6c): Nested Plot Study

What You Need To Do

Study two plant communities using nested plots. Inventory trees, shrubs, and smaller plants and present the results in a graph or chart.

Helpful Tips

Mark the required plot sizes carefully.
Identify all trees in the large plot.
Measure tree diameters accurately.
Count shrubs in the smaller plot.
Count broad-leaved plants in the smallest plot.
Include vines and herbaceous plants.
Estimate plant cover when individual plants cannot be counted.
Record soil conditions.
Compare results between sites.
Organize findings into charts or graphs.

Resources

Tree Identification | Ask the Arborist (video)

Leader Tips

Demonstrate plot layout techniques.
Help Scouts maintain consistent measurements.
Encourage careful data recording.
Review results for accuracy and completeness.

Requirement 8C(6d): Herbarium Visit

What You Need To Do

Visit an herbarium or herbarium website and learn how plant specimens are stored, organized, and used for research.

Helpful Tips

Arrange the visit in advance if necessary.
Observe how specimens are grouped.
Look for organization by plant family or species.
Examine specimen labels.
Observe storage methods.
Learn how voucher specimens support research.
Study mounting techniques.
Learn how specimens are preserved long-term.
Handle specimens carefully if permitted.
Observe tools and reference materials used by botanists.

Resources

Leader Tips

Encourage Scouts to ask questions.
Discuss the value of permanent plant records.
Review proper specimen handling.
Connect herbarium collections to field botany work.

Requirement 8C(6e): Plant Conservation Organization Visit

What You Need To Do

Visit a conservation organization or government agency that works to protect rare plants and natural areas. Learn about its programs and conservation methods.

Helpful Tips

Arrange the visit ahead of time.
Learn about the organization’s mission.
Ask about rare plant protection projects.
Ask about habitat restoration efforts.
Research invasive plant management programs.
Learn about controlled burns and why they are used.
Observe conservation practices if possible.
Visit a preserve if one is available.
Take notes during presentations or tours.
Share your findings with your counselor.

Leader Tips

Help Scouts contact organizations professionally.
Encourage questions about conservation work.
Discuss local conservation challenges.
Connect the visit to other field botany requirements.

Requirement 9: Outdoor Ethics

Discuss the importance of the Leave No Trace Seven Principles and the Outdoor Code as they relate to plant science. Explain how you have followed the Leave No Trace Seven Principles and the Outdoor Code while in natural areas during field observation, specimen collection, and identification.

Requirement 9: Outdoor Ethics

What You Need To Do

Discuss how the Leave No Trace Seven Principles and the Outdoor Code apply to plant science activities. Explain how you followed these guidelines while observing, identifying, and collecting plant specimens.

Helpful Tips

Plan ahead before visiting natural areas.
Stay on established trails when possible.
Walk carefully around plants and fragile habitats.
Avoid trampling vegetation.
Observe plants without damaging them.
Take photographs or sketches instead of collecting specimens when possible.
Collect plant samples only when permission has been given.
Choose common species instead of rare or protected plants.
Take only the specimens needed for the project.
Leave rocks, logs, and natural features where you found them.
Pack out all trash and litter.
Respect wildlife and avoid disturbing habitats.
Be considerate of other visitors using the area.
Leave the site in the same or better condition than you found it.

Resources

Leader Tips

Model Leave No Trace practices during field activities.
Encourage observation before collection.
Review local rules and permissions before outings.
Discuss how small actions can affect plants and habitats.

Science Program Feature for Scouts BSA

The Science Troop Program Feature is also a good time to introduce the Plant Science merit badge. Scouts can investigate how plants grow, how soil affects plant health, and why pollinators are important. Simple activities such as testing seed germination, identifying local plants, or growing plants from cuttings help Scouts see science in action. These projects connect classroom ideas to the outdoors and give Scouts hands-on experiences they can remember.

The Plant Science merit badge also shows how science is used in careers and everyday life. Scouts discover how farmers, botanists, horticulturists, and conservation workers use science to solve problems. They can explore local ecosystems, study native and invasive plants, and practice careful observation. These activities fit naturally into a science-themed month and help Scouts build skills in research, critical thinking, and outdoor exploration.

Nature and Environment Troop Program Feature for Scouts BSA Troops

The Nature and Environment Troop Program Feature pairs well with the Plant Science merit badge. Scouts can identify native and invasive plants, study pollinators, and explore how soil, water, and sunlight affect plant growth. Activities such as plant surveys, seed germination tests, and nature walks help Scouts build observation skills while spending time outdoors. These hands-on experiences make science feel practical and connected to the world around them.

The Plant Science merit badge also helps Scouts see how plants support wildlife and healthy ecosystems. As Scouts explore forests, parks, and natural areas, they can examine how different plants grow in different conditions. They can also learn about conservation and ways to protect native species. These activities fit naturally into a nature-focused month and encourage Scouts to become better stewards of the outdoors.

More Merit Badge Resources

The Plant Science Merit Badge fits into the merit badge program by giving Scouts hands-on experience with the natural world. It teaches observation, problem-solving, and basic science skills that connect to many other badges. Scouts learn how plants grow, how soil works, and how ecosystems function. This helps them understand topics found in badges like Nature, Environmental Science, Gardening, and Forestry. The wide variety of plant science activities also lets Scouts explore areas that match their interests.

This badge also adds balance to the overall program by giving Scouts a chance to work outdoors, study living things, and see how science applies to everyday life. It supports curiosity and encourages Scouts to look closely at the world around them. By completing it, they gain skills that connect to hobbies, school projects, and possible careers.

Learn More about Scouts BSA

The Plant Science Merit Badge fits well within the larger Scouts BSA program. It supports leadership because Scouts plan projects, record observations, and teach others how to identify plants or use field tools. It supports fitness by encouraging time outdoors and active exploration. It also strengthens responsibility, since caring for plants requires patience and steady effort.

This merit badge also connects to citizenship and personal development. Scouts learn how plants support food, wildlife, and clean air, which helps them see the importance of caring for natural resources. They also gain confidence as they complete real science tasks. The Plant Science Merit Badge gives Scouts meaningful ways to grow in both knowledge and character.

What is the Plant Science Merit Badge?

The Plant Science Merit Badge teaches Scouts how plants grow and why they matter. You learn about plant parts, soil, seeds, and plant care. You also explore careers and practice real plant science skills.

Do I need a garden to work on the Plant Science Merit Badge?

No. You can use a yard, park, school, or Scout camp. Many activities can be done with pots or small plots. You only need a space where plants grow.

Why do we study native and invasive plants for the Plant Science Merit Badge?

Native plants support local wildlife and stay healthy in their natural climate. Invasive plants spread fast and harm other plants. Learning the difference helps you protect natural areas.

Is plant identification hard in the Plant Science Merit Badge?

It takes practice, but it gets easier. You use simple keys that guide you step-by-step. You learn to look at leaves, stems, and flowers. Over time, you notice more details.

Do I have to grow a plant for the Plant Science Merit Badge?

Yes. You choose a method such as seeds, cuttings, or grafting. Growing a plant helps you understand how plants begin and what they need to stay healthy.

What kind of science skills do I learn in the Plant Science Merit Badge?

You learn how to observe plants, measure tree sizes, prepare soil, test seeds, and use field tools. These skills help you understand nature in a hands-on way.

Are there career options connected to the Plant Science Merit Badge?

Yes. You learn about agronomy, horticulture, and botany. These fields include jobs like soil scientist, greenhouse grower, plant researcher, and crop advisor.

Why is soil important in the Plant Science Merit Badge?

Soil gives plants water, air, and nutrients. Good soil helps plants stay strong. You learn about soil texture, pH, and ways to improve soil.

Do I need to visit a special place for the Plant Science Merit Badge?

Some choices ask you to visit a garden, greenhouse, herbarium, or conservation group. These visits show how plant science is used in real life.

What is the most important thing to remember about the Plant Science Merit Badge?

Plants support all life on Earth. Understanding plants helps you care for the environment, make good choices outdoors, and enjoy nature with new skills.

The Plant Science Merit Badge helps Scouts explore the world of plants in simple and hands-on ways. It shows how plants grow, how soil works, and why sunlight and water matter. Scouts learn to observe details, ask questions, and understand how living things depend on each other. The badge encourages careful thinking and teaches that even small plants play an important role in nature.

The Plant Science Merit Badge also introduces Scouts to skills like seed testing, plant propagation, and plant identification. These activities help Scouts learn by doing. They may grow a plant from a cutting, press samples for study, or visit a garden or greenhouse. Each task gives a clear picture of how plants survive in different conditions.

Scouts also learn how plants support food, wildlife, and clean air. They explore careers in agronomy, horticulture, and botany. The Plant Science Merit Badge helps them see how plant science connects to everyday life and how they can care for the environment around them. It teaches patience and encourages Scouts to enjoy time outdoors.

This badge gives Scouts confidence as they discover how much plant life shapes the world. It turns simple observations into real understanding and helps Scouts appreciate the importance of plants in every community.

Plant Science Merit Badge

Free Resources and Answers