Lifesaving Merit Badge

Free Resources and Answers

Time: 2–4 weeks
Difficulty: Challenging
Setting: Pool, waterfront
Best For: Scouts who are strong swimmers, interested in water safety
Hands-On Level: High
Eagle Required: Yes*

*Either the Emergency Preparedness merit badge OR the Lifesaving merit badge is required for the rank of Eagle Scout. Scouts who earn both badges may count the second badge as an elective.

The Lifesaving merit badge helps you learn how to respond when someone is in trouble in the water. You practice rescue methods, water safety, and ways to help without putting yourself in danger. These skills can help you act with care during an emergency.

As you work on the badge, you build on your swimming skills and learn how to use them during a rescue. You practice reaching, throwing, and swimming rescues. You also learn how to approach a person safely and bring them to a secure place.

The skills you learn can help you stay calm and make good choices under pressure. You learn to look at the situation, choose a safe response, and act quickly. Lifesaving gives you practical skills that you may use when someone needs help.

The requirements for the Lifesaving merit badge were updated on January 1, 2026.

Download the Lifesaving Merit Badge Requirements

Lifesaving Merit Badge Pamphlet

Lifesaving Merit Badge Check Off Sheet

Checklist for All Merit Badges

Help with Answers for Lifesaving Merit Badge Requirements

Find specific helps for some of the Lifesaving merit badge requirements listed below. Some of these resources will just give the answers. Others will provide engaging ways for older Scouts to introduce these concepts to new Scouts.

• Requirement 1: Safe Swim Defense
• Requirement 2: Swimming Merit Badge and Skills
• Requirement 3: Drowning and Rescue Information
• Requirement 4: Reaching Rescues
• Requirement 5: Throwing Rescues
• Requirement 6: Rowing Rescues
• Requirement 7: Items to Aid in a Go Rescue
• Requirement 8: Rescuing a Conscious Victim
• Requirement 9: Removing Clothing
• Requirement 10: Avoiding Contact
• Requirement 11: Non-equipment Rescues
• Requirement 12: Escape Grasp
• Requirement 13: Rescuing an Unconscious Victim
• Requirement 14: Victim Submerges
• Requirement 15: Spinal Injury
• Requirement 16: Resuscitation
• Requirement 17: Injuries and Illnesses
• More Resources

Requirement 1: Safe Swim Defense

What You Need To Do

Before starting requirements 3 through 15, review the eight parts of Safe Swim Defense with your merit badge counselor. Be ready to discuss how each part helps keep swimming activities safe.

Helpful Tips

• Qualified Supervision means a responsible adult is in charge of the swimming activity.
• Personal Health Review checks for health conditions that could affect safe swimming.
• Safe Area means the swimming site is checked for depth, hazards, currents, and other risks.
• Lifeguards on Duty provide trained people who watch swimmers and respond to emergencies.
• Lookout means one person watches the whole swimming area for unsafe conditions or people in trouble.
• Ability Groups keep nonswimmers, beginners, and swimmers in areas suited to their skills.
• Buddy System pairs each swimmer with another person. Buddies stay together and watch out for each other.
• Discipline means everyone follows the safety rules and directions.
• Safe Swim Defense helps prevent emergencies before they happen.
• Review all eight parts before moving on to the rescue requirements.

Resources

• Safe Swim Defense (website)
• Safe Area (video)

Leader Tips

• Review each part of Safe Swim Defense with the Scout.
• Ask the Scout to connect each part to a real swimming activity.
• Use a pool, lake, or camp waterfront as an example.
• Check for a clear review of all eight parts before moving on.

Requirement 2: Swimming Merit Badge and Skills

What You Need To Do

Earn the Swimming merit badge. Then swim 400 yards without stopping, using the front crawl, sidestroke, breaststroke, and elementary backstroke for at least 50 continuous yards each.

Helpful Tips

• Complete the Swimming merit badge before starting requirements 3 through 15.
• Swim the full 400 yards without stopping or resting.
• Use each required stroke for at least 50 continuous yards.
• Front crawl uses alternating arm strokes, a flutter kick, and regular breathing.
• Sidestroke uses a scissor kick and smooth arm movements.
• Breaststroke uses a frog-style kick and a sweeping arm pull.
• Elementary backstroke uses a whip kick and simple arm movements while facing up.
• Use strong, steady strokes instead of rushing.
• Keep good form so your movements stay efficient.
• Use rhythmic breathing to help maintain a steady pace.

Resources

• Swimming Merit Badge Requirements, Answers, and Resources (website)
• Swimming Merit Badge (website)

Leader Tips

• Check that the Scout has completed the Swimming merit badge.
• Watch for safe, controlled swimming during the full 400 yards.
• Give feedback on stroke form and breathing before the final swim.
• Make sure each required stroke covers at least 50 continuous yards.

Requirement 3a: Common Drowning Situations

What You Need To Do

Describe common situations that can lead to drowning and ways to prevent them. Include pools, sudden drop-offs, currents, and medical emergencies.

Helpful Tips

• Unfenced pools are dangerous, especially for young children.
• Pools should have fences, secure gates, and close supervision.
• Sudden drop-offs can cause a weak swimmer to panic.
• Check water depth before entering an unfamiliar swimming area.
• River currents can be strong even when the surface looks calm.
• Rip currents can pull swimmers away from shore.
• A swimmer caught in a rip current should avoid fighting the current and move parallel to shore when able.
• Medical problems such as seizures, cramps, or heart trouble can cause an emergency in the water.
• Life jackets help reduce risk during boating and other water activities.
• Cold water can quickly affect breathing and swimming ability.
• Swimming alone increases the risk of a drowning emergency.
• Safe swimming areas, supervision, and the buddy system help prevent problems.

Leader Tips

• Use several types of swimming areas in the discussion.
• Ask the Scout to match each danger with a way to prevent it.
• Include local water hazards when useful.
• Keep the focus on prevention and early action.

Requirement 3b: Signs of a Person in Trouble

What You Need To Do

Describe signs of a person who needs help in the water. Include both active struggling and a person who is motionless.

Helpful Tips

• A person in trouble may be unable to call for help.
• The body may stay upright with little or no forward movement.
• The arms may push down on the water instead of making swimming strokes.
• The mouth may stay near the surface while the person struggles to breathe.
• The head may tilt back as the person tries to keep the mouth above water.
• A person may bob up and down without making progress.
• Weak swimming, swimming in circles, or clinging to an object can be warning signs.
• A panicked person may use fast, uncontrolled movements.
• A quiet struggle can be a serious emergency.
• A motionless person floating face down needs immediate help.
• Early recognition gives rescuers more time to choose a safe response.

Resources

• Can You Spot a Person Drowning? (video)

Leader Tips

• Use examples of quiet distress as well as visible panic.
• Ask the Scout to describe specific body positions and movements.
• Compare a tired swimmer with a person in immediate danger.
• Stress quick recognition without rushing into an unsafe rescue.

Requirement 3c: Order of Water Rescue Methods

What You Need To Do

Describe the order of water rescue methods. Start with the safest method and use an in-water rescue only as a last choice.

Helpful Tips

• The rescue order is reach, throw, row, and go.
• Reach from a safe position when the person is close.
• Use a pole, paddle, branch, or other long object for a reaching rescue.
• Brace yourself so the person does not pull you into the water.
• Throw a flotation device when the person is too far away to reach.
• Aim the device close enough for the person to grab it.
• Use a boat when the person is too far from shore for a reach or throw.
• Approach slowly and avoid hitting the person with the boat.
• Go means entering the water for a rescue.
• An in-water rescue has the greatest risk to the rescuer.
• Take a flotation device during an in-water rescue whenever possible.
• Use the safest method suited to the situation.

Resources

• Water Rescue Techniques (website)

Leader Tips

• Practice the rescue order until the Scout can give it easily.
• Use short situations and ask for the safest rescue method.
• Keep rescuer safety at the center of the discussion.
• Reinforce safe methods before in-water methods.

Requirement 3d: Adapting Rescue Techniques

What You Need To Do

Describe how the rescue method can change based on the location and the condition of the person. Include factors such as currents, distance, panic, and loss of consciousness.

Helpful Tips

• Calm water and moving water require different rescue plans.
• Currents can move both the person and the rescuer.
• A person close to shore may be reached with a pole or other object.
• A person farther away may need a throw, boat, or trained in-water rescue.
• A calm person may follow directions and hold a rescue device.
• A panicked person may grab a rescuer and create more danger.
• Keep space between yourself and a panicked person when possible.
• Place flotation between yourself and the person during an in-water rescue.
• An unconscious person cannot hold a rescue device or follow directions.
• Cold water can quickly reduce strength and body control.
• Waves, wind, depth, and underwater hazards can change the rescue plan.
• Choose the method with the least risk to everyone involved.

Leader Tips

• Give the Scout several different rescue situations.
• Change one detail at a time, such as distance or water conditions.
• Ask the Scout to choose a safe method for each situation.
• Discuss why the same method does not fit every emergency.

Requirement 3e: When To Stay Out of the Water

What You Need To Do

Describe situations where an in-water rescue is too dangerous. Give safer ways to help from shore or with trained emergency help.

Helpful Tips

• Strong currents can sweep away a rescuer.
• Large waves can make an in-water rescue unsafe.
• Lightning and severe weather are serious hazards.
• Rocks, debris, ice, and other objects can injure a rescuer.
• Floodwater may contain strong currents, debris, sewage, or chemicals.
• Polluted water can create serious health risks.
• A panicked person may grab and pull a rescuer underwater.
• Use a reach or throw rescue when possible.
• Use a boat only when conditions and training allow it.
• Call emergency services when the situation is beyond your ability.
• Keep watching the person and give clear directions when possible.
• A rescuer who becomes a victim cannot continue the rescue.

Leader Tips

• Give examples where entering the water would create a second victim.
• Ask the Scout to choose a safer method for each example.
• Reinforce calling for trained help during dangerous conditions.
• Keep the focus on safe action instead of unnecessary risk.

Requirement 4: Reaching Rescues

What You Need To Do

Demonstrate several reaching rescues without entering the water. Use your arm, leg, clothing, paddles, poles, and other available items.

Helpful Tips

• Stay out of the water during a reaching rescue.
• Lie down or brace yourself before reaching toward the person.
• Use your arm or leg only when the person is very close.
• A towel or shirt can extend your reach.
• Hold clothing firmly so it does not slip from your hands.
• A paddle or pole can reach farther than your arm.
• Use a strong item that will not break or cause injury.
• Keep your center of balance low to avoid being pulled into the water.
• Tell the person to grab the item firmly.
• Pull the person toward safety with steady movements.
• Keep the rescue item between yourself and the person when possible.
• Choose the longest safe item available.

Resources

• Lifesaving Reaching Rescues—Arm (video)
• She Saved Someone From Drowning! More True Stories of Scouts in Action (video)

Leader Tips

• Practice with several different reaching items.
• Have the Scout brace or lie down before starting each rescue.
• Change the distance and available equipment during practice.
• Watch for steady pulling and good body position.

Requirement 5: Throwing Rescues

What You Need To Do

Demonstrate several throwing rescues from shore. Use a line, ring buoy, rescue bag, and free-floating support, and place at least one aid within reach of a practice victim 25 feet away.

Helpful Tips

• Stay on shore during a throwing rescue.
• Hold one end of a rescue line before throwing the other end.
• Throw a ring buoy just beyond the person when possible.
• A rescue bag lets the rope uncoil as the bag travels through the air.
• A life jacket, cooler, or kickboard can serve as free-floating support.
• Aim close enough for the person to reach the rescue aid.
• Avoid hitting the person with a hard rescue device.
• Tell the person to grab the aid and hold on.
• Pull a person toward shore with steady movements when using a line.
• Keep a low, stable body position while pulling.
• Retrieve the aid and throw again after a missed attempt when possible.
• Practice until you can place an aid within reach from 25 feet away.

Resources

• Throwing Rescues—Lifejacket (video)

Leader Tips

• Practice with each type of rescue aid named in the requirement.
• Mark a distance of 25 feet for the accuracy practice.
• Let the Scout repeat throws and adjust aim and technique.
• Watch for safe footing and control of the rescue line.

Requirement 6: Rowing Rescues

What You Need To Do

With your counselor’s approval, watch a rowing rescue in person or on video. Then discuss how well the rescue worked and how efficiently it was done.

Helpful Tips

• The rescue may use a rowboat, canoe, kayak, or stand up paddleboard.
• Watch how the rescuer approaches the person in the water.
• A controlled approach helps keep the boat or board stable.
• The rescuer should avoid getting too close to a panicked person.
• A flotation aid or other rescue device can help the person stay supported.
• Watch how the rescuer keeps the craft balanced during the rescue.
• Clear directions can help the person follow the rescuer’s instructions.
• Notice how quickly the rescuer reaches the person without rushing.
• Check whether any movements or steps waste time.
• Watch how the rescuer gets the person toward shore or another safe place.
• Effectiveness means the rescue safely helps the person.
• Efficiency means the rescuer uses time, movement, and equipment well.

Resources

• Their Kayak Capsized! A True Story of Scouts in Action (video)

Leader Tips

• Approve the rescue demonstration or video before the Scout uses it.
• Ask the Scout to review the approach, rescue aid, balance, and return to safety.
• Guide the discussion toward both effectiveness and efficiency.
• Use specific parts of the rescue instead of general comments.

Requirement 7: Aids for a Go Rescue

What You Need To Do

List several items that can help during a go rescue. Describe why items that float are the safest choices.

Helpful Tips

• A go rescue means entering the water to help a person.
• Use a rescue aid whenever possible.
• A rescue buoy gives flotation and is easy to hold.
• A rescue tube can support the person during the rescue.
• A life jacket can help keep the person above water.
• A ring buoy gives the person a secure place to hold.
• A kickboard can provide extra flotation.
• An inner tube or pool float may work when better equipment is not available.
• A sealed cooler may serve as emergency flotation.
• Buoyant aids help support the person with less effort.
• A floating aid can stay between the rescuer and a panicked person.
• This space helps reduce the risk of the rescuer being grabbed or pulled underwater.

Leader Tips

• Provide several rescue aids for the Scout to examine.
• Ask the Scout to compare buoyant and nonbuoyant items.
• Focus on support, control, and distance from a panicked person.
• Reinforce using a go rescue only when safer methods will not work.

Requirement 8: Rescuing a Conscious Victim

What You Need To Do

Demonstrate two deep-water rescues of a conscious practice subject 30 feet from shore. Use a different buoyant aid for each rescue, and complete both a release-and-follow rescue and a towing rescue.

Helpful Tips

• Use the entry suited to the water depth and location.
• Keep the practice subject in sight during the entry.
• Use a strong approach stroke to cover the 30 feet.
• Carry the buoyant aid so it does not slow you down too much.
• Speak to the subject before making close contact.
• Ask questions to check the person’s condition.
• Give short, clear directions and encouragement.
• Stay far enough away to avoid being grabbed.
• Present the buoyant aid for the subject to hold.
• For the first rescue, release the aid and swim at a safe distance while the subject moves to safety.
• Keep watching the subject during the release-and-follow rescue.
• For the second rescue, keep control of the aid and tow the subject to safety.
• Use steady kicks and a strong towing position.
• Complete each rescue with a different buoyant aid provided by the counselor.

Resources

• He Saved His Grandma From Drowning! A True Story of Scouts in Action (video)
• Entry—Stride Jump (video)

Leader Tips

• Set the practice subject 30 feet from shore in deep water.
• Provide two suitable buoyant aids for the two rescues.
• Watch the entry, approach stroke, communication, safe distance, and final return.
• Stop the practice if either person becomes tired or unsafe.

Requirement 9: Removing Clothing Before a Rescue

What You Need To Do

Discuss when heavy clothing should be removed before a swimming rescue. Then remove street clothes within 20 seconds, enter the water, swim 30 feet to a conscious practice subject, and use a nonbuoyant aid to tow the subject to safety.

Helpful Tips

• Heavy clothing can slow swimming and use extra energy.
• Jackets, jeans, shoes, and other heavy items may become harder to move in when wet.
• Remove clothing before entering when the delay is small and removal makes the rescue safer.
• Practice removing street clothes until you can finish within 20 seconds.
• Open buttons, zippers, belts, and other fasteners quickly.
• Use a safe entry suited to the water and rescue setting.
• Carry a shirt, towel, or other nonbuoyant aid during the approach.
• Use a strong stroke to swim the 30 feet to the subject.
• Speak to the subject before moving close.
• Give clear directions for holding the aid.
• Keep the shirt or towel between yourself and the subject.
• A nonbuoyant aid creates distance but does not provide flotation.
• Keep a firm grip on the aid while towing the subject.
• Use steady movements to bring the subject to safety.

Leader Tips

• Discuss both the benefit of removing heavy clothing and the time needed to remove it.
• Time the clothing removal and allow practice before the final attempt.
• Watch the entry, approach, communication, safe distance, and tow.
• Use a practice subject who can follow directions and help keep the exercise safe.

Requirement 10: Avoiding Contact

What You Need To Do

Discuss why direct contact with an active person in the water can be dangerous. Then demonstrate lead-and-wait techniques that keep the rescuer at a safe distance.

Helpful Tips

• An active person may panic and grab the rescuer.
• A strong grip can pull the rescuer underwater.
• Keep space between yourself and the person whenever possible.
• Use a rescue aid instead of allowing direct contact.
• Approach from a safe distance and speak calmly.
• Give short directions the person can follow.
• Lead the person toward safety without moving too close.
• Pause when the person becomes more panicked or loses control.
• Wait for the person to become ready to follow directions again.
• Keep watching the person while staying out of reach.
• Use the rescue aid as a barrier when possible.
• A safe rescuer is better able to complete the rescue.

Resources

• Lead and Wait (video)
• Shout and Signal Rescue (video)

Leader Tips

• Use a practice subject who follows the planned exercise.
• Give the Scout several chances to practice safe distance and timing.
• Watch for calm communication and controlled movement.
• Stop the practice if contact becomes unsafe.

Requirement 11a: Armpit Tow

What You Need To Do

Begin in the water near a conscious practice subject 30 feet from shore. Speak to the subject, then perform an armpit tow for a calm, responsive, tired swimmer resting in a back float.

Helpful Tips

• Begin near the subject in the water.
• Speak to the subject before starting the tow.
• Ask simple questions to check the person’s condition.
• Give short directions and encouragement.
• Use this tow for a calm and responsive tired swimmer.
• The subject should be resting in a back float.
• Move into position beside or behind the subject.
• Place your arm under the subject’s armpit.
• Keep the subject supported on the back.
• Use a strong kick to move toward shore.
• Keep the tow steady and controlled.
• Continue speaking to the subject during the rescue.

Resources

• Active Swim Support (video)

Leader Tips

• Use a calm practice subject who can follow directions.
• Watch the Scout’s position, grip, and control during the tow.
• Check for clear communication before and during the rescue.
• Have the Scout complete the full 30-foot tow.

Requirement 11b: Cross-Chest Carry

What You Need To Do

Begin in the water near a conscious practice subject 30 feet from shore. Speak to the subject, then perform a cross-chest carry for an exhausted, responsive person who is treading water.

Helpful Tips

• Begin near the subject in the water.
• Speak to the subject before making contact.
• Check whether the person is responsive and able to follow directions.
• Use this carry for an exhausted person who is still conscious.
• Move to the side and behind the subject.
• Reach one arm across the subject’s chest.
• Secure the subject near the opposite armpit.
• Keep the subject’s face above the water.
• Keep your free arm available for swimming when needed.
• Use a strong kick to move toward shore.
• Maintain a firm and controlled hold.
• Continue giving calm directions and encouragement.
• Complete the 30-foot carry without losing control of the subject.

Resources

• Active Swim Support (video)

Leader Tips

• Use a cooperative practice subject for the demonstration.
• Watch the approach, grip, body position, and towing control.
• Check that the subject’s airway stays clear of the water.
• Stop the exercise if either person becomes tired or unsafe.

Requirement 12: Escaping a Victim’s Grasp

What You Need To Do

In deep water, demonstrate how to escape a wrist grasp. Then demonstrate escapes from front and rear holds around the head and shoulders.

Helpful Tips

• Stay calm and protect your airway during each escape.
• For a wrist grasp, turn your wrist toward the person’s thumb.
• The thumb side is usually the weakest part of the grip.
• Pull free and move away to a safe distance.
• For a front hold, take a breath before going underwater.
• Submerging can cause the person to release the hold to stay at the surface.
• Move away before coming back up near the person.
• For a rear hold, tuck your chin to help protect your airway.
• Submerge and turn to help break the hold.
• Move away as soon as the grip is released.
• Keep watching the person after each escape.
• Use a rescue aid before approaching again when possible.
• Avoid getting within grabbing distance unless the rescue method requires contact.

Resources

• Escape: Rear, Head, and Shoulder (video)

Leader Tips

• Practice each escape slowly before doing it at full speed.
• Use a cooperative practice subject who follows the planned hold.
• Watch the Scout’s airway protection and movement to a safe distance.
• Stop the exercise if either person becomes tired or uncomfortable.

Requirement 13a: Equipment Assist

What You Need To Do

Rescue an unconscious practice subject at or near the surface 30 feet from shore. Use a buoyant aid, remove the subject from the water, and position the subject for CPR.

Helpful Tips

• Use a safe entry suited to the water and rescue setting.
• Keep the subject in sight during the entry.
• Use a strong approach stroke to cover the 30 feet.
• Speak to the subject before making contact.
• Splash water on the subject to check for a response.
• Treat the subject as unconscious when there is no response.
• Use the buoyant aid to support the subject in the water.
• Keep the subject’s face above the surface during the tow.
• Move toward shore with strong, steady strokes.
• Remove the subject from the water as quickly as possible.
• Get help with the removal when needed.
• Place the subject on a firm surface in position for CPR.

Leader Tips

• Provide a suitable buoyant aid for the rescue.
• Watch the entry, approach, response check, tow, and removal.
• Use extra helpers for safe removal from the water.
• Check the final position for CPR.

Requirement 13b: Front Approach and Wrist Tow

What You Need To Do

Rescue an unconscious practice subject at or near the surface 30 feet from shore. Use a front approach and wrist tow, then remove the subject from the water and position the subject for CPR.

Helpful Tips

• Enter the water with a safe and controlled entry.
• Keep the subject in sight as you approach.
• Use a strong stroke to swim the 30 feet.
• Speak to the subject before making contact.
• Splash water on the subject to check for a response.
• Approach from the front after finding no response.
• Take a secure hold on the subject’s wrist.
• Move into a position that keeps the subject’s face above water.
• Use a strong, steady kick during the tow.
• Keep control of the subject all the way to shore.
• Remove the subject from the water without delay.
• Ask for help with the removal when needed.
• Position the subject on a firm surface for CPR.

Leader Tips

• Watch for a controlled front approach and secure wrist grip.
• Check that the subject’s face stays above water.
• Provide enough help for a safe water exit.
• Include the full rescue through positioning for CPR.

Requirement 13c: Rear Approach and Armpit Tow

What You Need To Do

Rescue an unconscious practice subject at or near the surface 30 feet from shore. Use a rear approach and armpit tow, then remove the subject from the water and position the subject for CPR.

Helpful Tips

• Use a proper entry and keep the subject in sight.
• Swim the 30 feet with a strong approach stroke.
• Speak to the subject before making contact.
• Splash water on the subject to check for a response.
• Move behind the subject after finding no response.
• Take a secure hold under the subject’s armpit.
• Support the subject from behind during the tow.
• Keep the subject’s mouth and nose above the water.
• Use strong, steady movements toward shore.
• Maintain control throughout the tow.
• Remove the subject from the water quickly.
• Use assistance when the water exit is difficult.
• Place the subject on a firm surface in position for CPR.

Leader Tips

• Watch the rear approach, armpit hold, and airway position.
• Check for control during the full 30-foot tow.
• Arrange enough help for safe removal from the water.
• Make sure the Scout completes the rescue through positioning for CPR.

Requirement 14a: Feetfirst Surface Dive

What You Need To Do

Discuss how to respond when a victim goes underwater before a rescuer reaches them. Then use a feetfirst surface dive to recover a 10-pound weight from water 8 to 10 feet deep.

Helpful Tips

• Keep track of the victim’s last known location.
• Look for bubbles, ripples, or other signs at the surface.
• Get help and begin the rescue response quickly.
• Use a safe entry suited to the location.
• Swim to the area where the victim went underwater.
• Stay vertical before starting a feetfirst surface dive.
• Use your arms and legs to lift your body upward before sinking.
• Keep your body straight as you descend feetfirst.
• Look for the weight as you move downward.
• Take a secure hold of the 10-pound weight.
• Push off the bottom when possible.
• Use strong movements to return to the surface.
• Practice in water 8 to 10 feet deep.

Resources

• Feet First Surface Dive (video)

Leader Tips

• Discuss the response to a submerged victim before the dive practice.
• Use a marked 10-pound weight in a safe diving area.
• Watch the Scout’s vertical descent and controlled return to the surface.
• Provide close supervision throughout the exercise.

Requirement 14b: Headfirst Surface Dive

What You Need To Do

Use a headfirst surface dive to recover a 10-pound weight from water 8 to 10 feet deep.

Helpful Tips

• Swim to the area directly above the weight.
• Start from a horizontal position near the surface.
• Take a breath before beginning the dive.
• Bend at the waist and point your head and arms downward.
• Lift your legs above the surface to help drive your body down.
• Keep your arms extended as you descend.
• Look toward the bottom while searching for the weight.
• Take a secure hold of the 10-pound weight.
• Push off the bottom when possible.
• Keep control of the weight during the ascent.
• Use strong movements to return to the surface.
• Practice in water 8 to 10 feet deep.

Resources

• Head First Surface Dive (video)

Leader Tips

• Use a safe area with enough depth for the full dive.
• Watch the Scout’s body position and control during the descent.
• Check for a secure recovery of the weight.
• Allow rest between attempts to prevent fatigue.

Requirement 15a: Spinal Injury Causes and Signs

What You Need To Do

Discuss common causes of spinal injuries and the signs and symptoms that may point to one. Focus on water-related accidents and safe response.

Helpful Tips

• Diving into shallow water can cause a serious neck or back injury.
• Hitting the bottom, a rock, a boat, or another swimmer can injure the spine.
• Falls and high-speed water activities can also cause spinal injuries.
• Neck, back, or head pain can be a warning sign.
• Numbness or tingling may point to nerve or spinal cord damage.
• Weakness or loss of movement can be a serious sign.
• Trouble breathing may happen with some spinal injuries.
• The person may appear confused, pale, or weak.
• Avoid bending or twisting the person.
• Keep the head, neck, and spine as straight as possible.
• Get emergency medical help for a suspected spinal injury.
• Unneeded movement can make the injury worse.

Resources

• Head, Neck, and Spine Injuries (video)
• Assessing a Head Injury (video)

Leader Tips

• Use water-related examples during the discussion.
• Ask the Scout to connect each cause with possible warning signs.
• Keep the focus on limiting movement and getting trained help.
• Avoid practice methods that twist the neck or back.

Requirement 15b: Supporting a Faceup Subject

What You Need To Do

Support a faceup practice subject in calm water of standing depth. Keep the head, neck, and spine supported and aligned.

Helpful Tips

• Work in calm water where you can stand securely.
• Approach slowly to avoid making extra waves.
• Keep the subject’s face above the water.
• Support the head and neck throughout the demonstration.
• Keep the head in line with the body.
• Avoid bending or twisting the neck.
• Use a stable stance so you can maintain control.
• Make small position changes only when needed.
• Keep the subject as still as possible.
• Watch the face and airway during the support.
• Continue support until trained help can take over in a real emergency.
• Do not remove a person from the water without proper help unless immediate danger requires it.

Leader Tips

• Use calm water deep enough for the subject to float.
• Watch the Scout’s hand position, balance, and control.
• Check for steady support and good body alignment.
• Stop the practice if either person becomes tired.

Requirement 15c: Turning a Facedown Subject

What You Need To Do

Turn a practice subject from a facedown to a faceup position in water of standing depth. Maintain support and alignment throughout the turn.

Helpful Tips

• Work in calm water where you can stand securely.
• Approach the subject slowly and carefully.
• Support the head and body before starting the turn.
• Keep the head, neck, and spine aligned.
• Turn the subject with one smooth, controlled movement.
• Avoid twisting the head separately from the body.
• Keep support in place during the entire turn.
• Bring the subject into a faceup position.
• Keep the face and airway above the water after the turn.
• Maintain a stable stance while supporting the subject.
• Keep movement to the minimum needed.
• Continue support after the turn is complete.

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate the movement slowly before the Scout practices it.
• Watch for smooth movement without twisting the head or body.
• Use a cooperative practice subject in calm water.

Requirement 16a: When Rescue Breathing or CPR Is Needed

What You Need To Do

Describe how to recognize when a person needs rescue breathing or CPR. Include responsiveness, breathing, and signs of circulation.

Helpful Tips

• Check the area for danger before giving care.
• Check whether the person responds to voice or touch.
• Get emergency help and an AED as soon as possible.
• Check for normal breathing.
• Gasping is not normal breathing.
• Rescue breathing may be needed when a person has a pulse but is not breathing normally.
• CPR may be needed when a person is unresponsive and has no normal breathing.
• Follow the current CPR steps taught by your instructor.
• Begin care as soon as the need is identified.
• Use an AED when one is available.
• Continue care until trained help takes over or the person begins to respond.
• Water rescue emergencies may require quick resuscitation care after the person is removed from the water.

Resources

• How To Perform CPR for a Drowning Victim (video)

Leader Tips

• Use short emergency examples during the discussion.
• Ask the Scout to identify when rescue breathing or CPR may be needed.
• Keep all guidance consistent with current CPR training.
• Avoid teaching steps that differ from the certified instructor’s course.

Requirement 16b: CPR and Rescue Breathing Skills

What You Need To Do

Demonstrate CPR knowledge and skills, including rescue breathing, on a mannequin. Complete the demonstration under the guidance of a current CPR/AED instructor trained by a nationally certified provider.

Helpful Tips

• Use a CPR mannequin for the full demonstration.
• Follow the steps taught by the current instructor.
• Practice correct hand placement for chest compressions.
• Use the compression depth taught for the person’s age group.
• Keep the compression rate within the range taught by the instructor.
• Allow the chest to return to its normal position after each compression.
• Give rescue breaths using the method taught in the course.
• Watch for chest rise when giving breaths.
• Avoid giving breaths too quickly or forcefully.
• Use an AED trainer when it is part of the instruction.
• Follow the AED prompts and instructor directions.
• Practice smooth movement between compressions, breaths, and AED use.

Resources

How To Perform CPR for a Drowning Victim (video)

Leader Tips

• Arrange instruction with a qualified current CPR/AED instructor.
• Use current training materials and proper practice equipment.
• Let the instructor correct hand placement, timing, and breathing technique.
• Make sure the Scout completes the required mannequin demonstration.

Requirement 17: Swimming and Boating Injuries and Illnesses

What You Need To Do

Discuss the causes, prevention, and treatment of injuries and illnesses that can happen during swimming or boating. Include hypothermia, dehydration, heat-related illnesses, muscle cramps, sunburn, stings, and hyperventilation.

Helpful Tips

• Hypothermia can happen after long exposure to cold water, cold air, or wind.
• Prevent hypothermia with proper clothing, limited cold-water exposure, and quick removal of wet clothing.
• Move a person with hypothermia to a warm place and warm them slowly.
• Dehydration happens when the body loses more fluid than it takes in.
• Drink water before and during swimming and boating activities.
• Heat exhaustion can cause heavy sweating, weakness, dizziness, and nausea.
• Heatstroke is a medical emergency and may cause confusion or loss of consciousness.
• Move a person with heat illness to a cooler place and begin cooling them.
• Muscle cramps can come from overuse, fatigue, or dehydration.
• Rest and gently stretch a cramped muscle.
• Sunburn comes from too much exposure to ultraviolet rays.
• Use sunscreen, protective clothing, and shade to prevent sunburn.
• Stings may come from insects or water animals.
• Treatment for a sting depends on the animal or insect involved.
• Hyperventilation means breathing too fast or too deeply.
• Avoid underwater breath-holding contests and repeated deep breathing before swimming underwater.
• Help a person with hyperventilation rest and return to normal breathing.
• Get emergency help for severe symptoms or any life-threatening condition.

Resources

• Prevention and Treatment of Hypothermia (website)
• 10 Common Summer Safety Emergencies (website)

Leader Tips

• Cover the cause, prevention, and treatment for each condition.
• Use swimming and boating situations during the discussion.
• Guide the Scout to compare mild problems with medical emergencies.
• Keep first-aid information consistent with current training.

Aquatics Safety For Scouts

Aquatics activities are exciting, but they come with real hazards. Weather can change quickly, and storms or lightning can create danger fast. Water can hide rocks, drop-offs, and strong currents. Scouts must follow the buddy system and listen to trained leaders. Checking conditions before entering the water helps prevent many accidents.

Personal health and equipment also matter. Fatigue, dehydration, and cramps can increase risk. Wearing a properly fitted life jacket during boating is important, even for strong swimmers. Staying within marked swim areas and avoiding diving into unknown water reduces injury. When Scouts stay alert and prepared, they can enjoy aquatics activities safely.

Swimming Troop Program Feature

More Merit Badge Resources

The Lifesaving merit badge gives Scouts a simple way to learn water rescue skills and safe response. It fits well within the full merit badge program because it adds an important safety-focused option to a list that includes science, trades, arts, and outdoor activities. Scouts learn rescue methods, safe approaches, and how to avoid danger. This balances the wide range of choices by offering a hands-on skill that protects lives.

It also connects to badges like Swimming, First Aid, and Emergency Preparedness. Scouts who enjoy water activities or safety skills often find Lifesaving a natural fit. It supports the program’s goal of building capable and ready Scouts.

Learn More about Scouts BSA

The Lifesaving merit badge supports the larger goals of Scouts BSA by teaching calm thinking, leadership, and responsibility. Making safe choices is a key part of good leadership.

It also ties into fitness, citizenship, and personal development. Rescue skills require strength and practice. Learning to protect others builds service, awareness, and confidence.

What is the Lifesaving merit badge about?

The Lifesaving merit badge teaches how to respond to water emergencies. Scouts learn rescue techniques, water safety, and how to prevent accidents. It also helps you build confidence in your swimming and lifesaving skills.

Do I need to be a strong swimmer to earn the Lifesaving merit badge?

Yes, you need to be a strong swimmer. You must complete swimming challenges, like swimming 400 yards with four strokes, before starting most requirements.

What equipment do I need for the Lifesaving merit badge?

You will use basic rescue tools like life jackets, rescue buoys, and ropes. Your counselor will provide any special equipment needed for practice.

What is the difference between the Lifesaving merit badge and the Swimming merit badge?

The Swimming merit badge focuses on swimming skills and safety. The Lifesaving merit badge focuses on water rescue techniques and helping others in emergencies.

Do I need to practice CPR for the Lifesaving merit badge?

Yes, you must demonstrate CPR and rescue breathing skills on a mannequin. This is done with a certified CPR instructor.

What are the key rescue methods taught in the Lifesaving merit badge?

You will learn rescue methods like reach, throw, row, and go. These methods teach you how to help others while staying safe yourself.

Why is the Lifesaving merit badge important?

It teaches life-saving skills that can help you respond in emergencies. Knowing how to act in water emergencies can save lives.

Can I earn the Lifesaving merit badge if I don’t have access to a pool or lake?

Most requirements need access to water, but some can be practiced on land or with a counselor’s help. Talk to your counselor about available options.

Is the Lifesaving merit badge required for Eagle Scout?

Either the Emergency Preparedness merit badge OR the Lifesaving merit badge is required for the rank of Eagle Scout. Scouts who earn both badges may count the second badge as an elective.

How do I prepare for the Lifesaving merit badge?

Practice swimming regularly, review the Safe Swim Defense, and learn basic first aid. These will help you succeed with the requirements.

The Lifesaving merit badge is all about water safety and helping others in emergencies. Scouts learn how to recognize dangers, prevent accidents, and act quickly when someone is in trouble. This badge teaches skills that can save lives in pools, lakes, rivers, and oceans.

Scouts practice techniques like reaching rescues, throwing rescues, and swimming to assist someone in distress. They also learn how to safely escape if a panicked person grabs them. Strong swimming skills are a must, as the Lifesaving merit badge involves tasks like swimming 400 yards and towing others to safety.

CPR and rescue breathing are also part of the Lifesaving merit badge. Scouts practice these life-saving techniques with a certified instructor, building confidence in their ability to help in real emergencies. Learning how to respond to unconscious victims and manage spinal injuries are also key skills taught in this badge.

The Lifesaving merit badge is not just about completing requirements. It’s about being ready to act when it matters most. These skills can make a difference in a life-or-death situation, giving Scouts the tools to protect themselves and others.