Fire Safety Merit Badge

Free Resources and Answers

Time: 2–4 weeks
Difficulty: Easy, Moderate
Setting: Indoor, home, community
Best For: Scouts interested in safety, emergency response
Hands-On Level: Moderate
Eagle Required: No

When you work on the Fire Safety merit badge, you learn skills that can help protect you, your family, and your community. Fire can be useful, but it can also be dangerous when it is not handled properly. This badge teaches you how to recognize hazards and make smart choices to prevent fires before they start.

As you complete the requirements, you will learn what causes fires and how they spread. You will explore ways to make your home and other places safer. You will also practice important safety skills, including creating escape plans and learning what to do during a fire emergency.

The Fire Safety merit badge gives you a chance to see how firefighters serve their communities every day. You will learn about their training, equipment, and responsibilities. Along the way, you will build confidence and develop habits that can help keep people safe throughout your life.

The requirements for this merit badge were updated effective January 1, 2025.

Download the Fire Safety Merit Badge Requirements

Fire Safety Merit Badge Pamphlet

Fire Safety Merit Badge Printable Requirement Check Off Sheet

Checklist for All Merit Badges

Help with Answers for Fire Safety Merit Badge Requirements

Find specific helps for some of the Fire Safety merit badge requirements listed below. Some of these resources will just give the answers. Others will provide engaging ways for older Scouts to introduce these concepts to new Scouts.

• Requirement 1: Science of and Hazards of Fire
• Requirement 2: Fire Extinguishers
• Requirement 3: Fire-related Injuries
• Requirement 4: Origins of Fires
• Requirement 5: Fire Safety at Home
• Requirement 6: Safety with Flammable and Combustible Liquids
• Requirement 7: Fire Safety in Public Buildings
• Requirement 8: Fire Safety at Camp
• Requirement 9: Wildland Fires
• Requirement 10: Careers
• More Resources

Requirement 1a: What Is Fire?

What You Need To Do

Describe what fire is and how it starts.

Helpful Tips

• Fire is a chemical reaction called combustion.
• Combustion happens when fuel, heat, and oxygen come together.
• Fuel is any material that can burn, such as wood, paper, or gasoline.
• Heat provides the energy needed to start a fire.
• Oxygen in the air supports burning.
• If fuel, heat, or oxygen is removed, the fire goes out.
• Fire produces heat, light, smoke, and gases.
• Fire can be useful for cooking, heating, and camping.

Resources

• Is Fire a Solid, a Liquid, or a Gas? (video)
• What Is Fire? (video)

Leader Tips

• Use simple examples such as campfires and candles.
• Let Scouts identify fuel, heat, and oxygen in familiar situations.
• Connect the discussion to fire safety practices used at home and camp.
• Encourage Scouts to use their own words when describing combustion.

Requirement 1b: Fire Tetrahedron and Combustion Products

What You Need To Do

Name the four parts of the fire tetrahedron and identify the products created when a fire burns.

Helpful Tips

• The fire tetrahedron has four parts.
• The four parts are fuel, heat, oxygen, and the chemical chain reaction.
• Fuel provides material for the fire to burn.
• Heat keeps the fire hot enough to continue burning.
• Oxygen supports the combustion process.
• The chemical chain reaction keeps the fire going after it starts.
• Smoke is one product of combustion.
• Heat is another product of combustion.
• Carbon dioxide is a common gas produced by fire.
• Carbon monoxide is a dangerous gas produced by incomplete combustion.

Resources

• The Science of Fire (website)
• Understanding the Fire Tetrahedron (video)
• Fire Tetrahedron | What Are the Elements Required in Order To Ignite Fire (video)
• Science Spotlight: The Combustion of Wood (video)
• Fire and Flame 09—Hydrocarbon Combustion Products (video)

Leader Tips

• Use diagrams or drawings of the fire tetrahedron.
• Show how removing one part stops a fire.
• Discuss common combustion products found in house fires.
• Relate the topic to fire extinguishing methods.

Requirement 1c: Life Cycle of a Fire

What You Need To Do

Describe the stages a fire goes through from the moment it starts until it burns out.

Helpful Tips

• Fires move through four basic stages.
• The first stage is ignition.
• Ignition begins when fuel, heat, and oxygen come together.
• The second stage is growth.
• During growth, flames spread and temperatures increase.
• The third stage is fully developed.
• A fully developed fire is at its hottest and largest size.
• The final stage is decay.
• During decay, fuel or oxygen becomes limited and the fire weakens.
• Smoke, heat, and toxic gases can be present during every stage.

Resources

• Fire Safety Stages of Fire (video)
• Stages of a Fire (video)
• The Stages of Fire (video)

Leader Tips

• Draw the stages in order on a board or chart.
• Use real-life examples to show how fires change over time.
• Discuss how fire behavior affects safety decisions.
• Keep the focus on safety and prevention.

Requirement 1d: How Heat Moves

What You Need To Do

Describe the three methods of heat transfer and how they help fires spread.

Helpful Tips

• Heat moves in three different ways.
• Conduction moves heat through solid materials.
• A metal spoon left in a hot pot becomes hot through conduction.
• Convection moves heat through liquids and gases.
• Hot air rising in a building is an example of convection.
• Convection can carry heat and smoke to upper floors.
• Radiation moves heat through space without direct contact.
• The warmth felt from a campfire is radiant heat.
• Radiant heat can ignite nearby materials.
• Heat transfer allows fires to spread beyond the original source.

Resources

• Heat Transfer (video)

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate each type of heat transfer with simple examples.
• Connect the examples to fire behavior in homes and buildings.
• Encourage Scouts to identify examples from daily life.
• Reinforce how heat transfer affects fire safety decisions.

Requirement 2a: Classes of Fires

What You Need To Do

Identify the different classes of fires and the materials involved in each type.

Helpful Tips

• Fire classes are based on what is burning.
• Class A fires involve wood, paper, cloth, and trash.
• Class B fires involve flammable liquids such as gasoline, oil, and paint.
• Class C fires involve energized electrical equipment.
• Class D fires involve combustible metals such as magnesium and titanium.
• Class K fires involve cooking oils, grease, and animal fats.
• Different fire classes require different extinguishing methods.
• Using the wrong method can make a fire spread or become more dangerous.

Resources

• The 5 Different Classes of Fires (video)

Leader Tips

• Use common examples Scouts may see at home or camp.
• Show pictures of materials in each fire class.
• Discuss why different fuels require different extinguishing methods.
• Keep the focus on safety and prevention.

Requirement 2b: Fire Extinguisher Types

What You Need To Do

Identify the different types of fire extinguishers and match them to the correct fire classes.

Helpful Tips

• Water extinguishers are used on Class A fires.
• Water extinguishers should not be used on Class B or Class C fires.
• Carbon dioxide (CO2) extinguishers are used on Class B and Class C fires.
• Dry chemical extinguishers are often rated for Class A, B, and C fires.
• ABC extinguishers are common in homes, schools, and public buildings.
• Wet chemical extinguishers are designed for Class K fires.
• Class D extinguishers are used for metal fires.
• The extinguisher label shows which fire classes it can handle.
• Check the label before using an extinguisher.
• Use the correct extinguisher for the type of fire involved.

Resources

• Choose the Right Fire Extinguisher (video)

Leader Tips

• Let Scouts examine extinguisher labels if possible.
• Show examples of common extinguisher markings.
• Review which extinguishers are found in different locations.
• Reinforce the importance of choosing the correct extinguisher.

Requirement 2c: Using a Fire Extinguisher and Fire Blanket

What You Need To Do

Demonstrate the proper way to use a fire extinguisher and a fire blanket.

Helpful Tips

• Use the PASS method when operating a fire extinguisher.
• Pull the pin to unlock the extinguisher.
• Aim at the base of the fire, not the flames.
• Squeeze the handle to release the extinguishing agent.
• Sweep from side to side until the fire is out.
• Keep an exit route behind you while fighting a fire.
• A fire blanket works by cutting off the oxygen supply.
• Place the blanket gently over a small fire.
• Cover the entire fire with the blanket.
• Leave the blanket in place until everything has cooled.
• Fire blankets can also be used on clothing fires.
• Stop, drop, and roll if clothing catches fire.

Resources

• How To Use a Fire Extinguisher (video)
• How To Use a Fire Extinguisher Using the PASS Method (video)
• How To Use a Fire Blanket (video)

Leader Tips

• Arrange a hands-on demonstration whenever possible.
• Allow Scouts to practice the PASS steps with training equipment.
• Review safety precautions before any demonstration.
• Emphasize personal safety and knowing when to evacuate.

Requirement 3a: Stop, Drop, Roll, Cool, and Call

What You Need To Do

Explain and demonstrate the steps used when clothing catches fire.

Helpful Tips

• Stop immediately if your clothing catches fire.
• Running can make flames burn faster.
• Drop to the ground as quickly as possible.
• Cover your face with your hands.
• Roll back and forth until the flames are out.
• Cool burned areas with cool running water.
• Use water for at least 10 to 20 minutes when possible.
• Call 911 or get medical help for serious burns.
• Remove yourself from danger before treating injuries.
• Stay calm and act quickly.

Resources

• Stop, Drop, Roll, Cool, Call (video)
• Stop, Drop, and Roll (website)
• Stop, Drop, Roll, Cover Your Face (video)
• Stop, Drop, and Roll (video)

Leader Tips

• Let Scouts practice the steps in a safe setting.
• Have Scouts demonstrate the sequence in the correct order.
• Discuss why running increases the fire.
• Reinforce the importance of calling for help after the fire is out.

Requirement 3b: Clothing Fires

What You Need To Do

Describe how clothing fires start, ways to prevent them, and how clothing affects burn injuries.

Helpful Tips

• Clothing fires often start near campfires, stoves, fireplaces, and candles.
• Loose sleeves and flowing clothing can reach flames more easily.
• Sparks from fireworks or welding can ignite clothing.
• Keep a safe distance from open flames.
• Secure loose clothing when cooking or working near heat.
• Wool and flame-resistant fabrics provide better protection.
• Cotton can burn but usually does not melt.
• Polyester, nylon, and similar fabrics can melt onto skin.
• Melted fabric can make burn injuries worse.
• Choose clothing carefully for activities around fire.

Resources

• Flame Resistant Fabric Demonstration (video)

Leader Tips

• Discuss clothing choices used at camp and during cooking activities.
• Show examples of fabrics commonly worn by Scouts.
• Connect the discussion to real outdoor situations.
• Emphasize prevention rather than emergency response alone.

Requirement 3c: Causes of Burn Injuries

What You Need To Do

Identify common causes of burn injuries and ways to prevent them.

Helpful Tips

• Hot stoves, grills, and campfire grates can cause burns.
• Open flames from candles and campfires can cause burns.
• Hot liquids and steam can cause scald injuries.
• Damaged electrical cords can cause electrical burns.
• Household chemicals can cause chemical burns.
• Too much sun exposure can cause sunburn.
• Use oven mitts when handling hot cookware.
• Turn pot handles toward the back of the stove.
• Keep children away from cooking areas.
• Wear sunscreen and protective clothing outdoors.
• Store chemicals safely and follow label directions.
• Check electrical cords for damage before use.

Resources

• How Common Burns Are, and How They Are Caused (video)

Leader Tips

• Use examples Scouts may encounter at home and camp.
• Discuss prevention before discussing treatment.
• Encourage Scouts to identify hazards in familiar locations.
• Relate burn prevention to everyday activities.

Requirement 3d: Airway Burns and Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

What You Need To Do

Review how to prevent, recognize, and respond to airway burns and carbon monoxide poisoning.

Helpful Tips

• Airway burns happen when hot air, smoke, or flames are inhaled.
• Stay low during a fire because cooler, cleaner air is closer to the floor.
• Smoke alarms provide early warning of fire conditions.
• Signs of airway burns include coughing, breathing difficulty, hoarseness, and soot around the mouth or nose.
• Move to fresh air immediately if airway burns are suspected.
• Call 911 for emergency medical assistance.
• Carbon monoxide is a colorless and odorless gas.
• Carbon monoxide is produced by burning fuels such as wood, gasoline, propane, and natural gas.
• Install carbon monoxide detectors in homes.
• Never use generators, grills, or vehicle engines inside enclosed spaces.
• Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning include headache, dizziness, nausea, weakness, and confusion.
• Move to fresh air immediately if carbon monoxide poisoning is suspected.
• Seek emergency medical care right away.

Resources

• Burn Prevention Tips From Nurses (video)
• Signs and Treatment for Carbon Monoxide Poisoning (video)

Leader Tips

• Review the differences between airway burns and carbon monoxide poisoning.
• Discuss common sources of carbon monoxide around homes and camps.
• Emphasize the importance of detectors and early warning systems.
• Reinforce the need for immediate medical attention in both situations.

Requirement 4a: Fire Origins

What You Need To Do

Explain the four classifications of fire origin and give an example of each one.

Helpful Tips

• Fire investigators classify fires based on how they started.
• A natural fire is caused by a natural event.
• Lightning starting a wildfire is an example of a natural fire.
• An accidental fire happens without intent.
• A candle left too close to curtains is an example of an accidental fire.
• An incendiary fire is deliberately set by a person.
• A fire intentionally started to damage property is an example of an incendiary fire.
• An undetermined fire has no clear cause after the investigation.
• Lack of evidence may result in an undetermined classification.
• Investigators examine physical evidence, witness reports, and fire patterns to classify a fire.

Resources

• Undetermined Cause: What’s That About (website)

Leader Tips

• Use real-world examples for each classification.
• Discuss why investigators collect evidence carefully.
• Help Scouts compare the four classifications.
• Reinforce the difference between accidental and incendiary fires.

Requirement 4b: Incendiary Fires and Arson

What You Need To Do

Describe how an incendiary fire can result in criminal charges for arson.

Helpful Tips

• An incendiary fire is intentionally started by a person.
• Arson is the crime of deliberately setting a fire.
• Fire investigators look for evidence showing a fire was set on purpose.
• Accelerants such as gasoline may indicate intentional ignition.
• Multiple points of origin can be a sign of arson.
• Witness statements can provide important evidence.
• Security camera footage may help identify suspects.
• Prosecutors must show that the person intentionally started the fire.
• Arson can damage homes, businesses, forests, and other property.
• Arson can cause injuries or deaths.
• Penalties may include fines, probation, jail, or prison time.
• A criminal record can affect future education and employment opportunities.

Resources

• Criminal Law: The Crime of Arson (video)

Leader Tips

• Focus on the legal and safety consequences of arson.
• Discuss how fire investigations gather evidence.
• Keep examples age-appropriate and factual.
• Emphasize personal responsibility around fire.

Requirement 5a: Preventing Common Home Fires

What You Need To Do

Describe ways to prevent fires caused by cooking, electricity, smoking, clothes dryers, and rechargeable batteries.

Helpful Tips

• Unattended cooking is a leading cause of home fires.
• Stay in the kitchen when frying, grilling, or broiling food.
• Keep towels, paper products, and other combustibles away from stoves.
• Avoid overloading electrical outlets and power strips.
• Replace damaged cords and plugs right away.
• Use extension cords only for temporary needs.
• Fully extinguish smoking materials before disposal.
• Clean the lint filter after every dryer load.
• Check dryer vents regularly for lint buildup.
• Use chargers approved for rechargeable devices.
• Charge batteries on hard surfaces with good airflow.
• Replace damaged or swollen batteries.

Resources

• 5 Most Common Causes of House Fires (website)
• Fireworks and Wildfires (video)

Leader Tips

• Discuss common fire hazards Scouts may encounter at home.
• Encourage Scouts to inspect their own homes for risks.
• Use real-life examples to make the topic relevant.
• Emphasize prevention as the best form of fire safety.

Requirement 5b: Seasonal and Holiday Fire Safety

What You Need To Do

Describe ways to prevent fires related to heating equipment, holiday trees, candles, and fireworks.

Helpful Tips

• Keep space heaters at least three feet from combustible materials.
• Turn off portable heaters when leaving a room.
• Have fireplaces and chimneys inspected regularly.
• Water live holiday trees daily to reduce fire risk.
• Turn off decorative lights before leaving home or going to sleep.
• Use lights that are listed for their intended indoor or outdoor use.
• Place candles in sturdy holders on stable surfaces.
• Keep candles away from curtains, decorations, and paper.
• Never leave a burning candle unattended.
• Follow local laws regarding fireworks.
• Keep water nearby when using fireworks.
• Use fireworks only in open outdoor areas.

Resources

• How To Prevent Holiday Fires (video)

Leader Tips

• Connect fire safety to holidays and seasonal activities.
• Review common winter fire hazards.
• Discuss safer alternatives when appropriate.
• Encourage Scouts to share safety ideas with their families.

Requirement 5c: Candle Safety

What You Need To Do

Demonstrate how to safely light and extinguish a candle and discuss candle safety with your counselor and family.

Helpful Tips

• Place candles on stable, nonflammable surfaces.
• Keep candles away from paper, curtains, and decorations.
• Use a long lighter or match when lighting candles.
• Keep hands and clothing away from the flame.
• Extinguish candles with a snuffer or careful breath.
• Make sure the wick is no longer glowing.
• Never use water to extinguish a candle.
• Keep candles away from children and pets.
• Avoid placing candles in drafty locations.
• Battery-operated candles reduce fire risk.

Resources

• How To Properly Extinguish Your Candles (video)

Leader Tips

• Provide a safe area for demonstrations.
• Review candle safety before lighting any flame.
• Encourage family discussions about candle use.
• Reinforce supervision whenever candles are burning.

Requirement 5d: Home Fire Safety Inspection

What You Need To Do

Inspect a home or similar building using a fire safety checklist and discuss the results with your counselor.

Helpful Tips

• Check for working smoke alarms on every level.
• Look for accessible fire extinguishers.
• Make sure exits are clear of clutter.
• Inspect electrical cords for damage.
• Check that outlets are not overloaded.
• Look for safe placement of space heaters.
• Inspect cooking areas for grease buildup.
• Check storage areas for flammable liquids.
• Look for unsafe candle locations.
• Record hazards found during the inspection.
• Suggest ways to correct each hazard.
• Review the completed checklist with an adult.

Resources

• Home Fire Safety Checklists (PDF)

Leader Tips

• Encourage Scouts to take an active role in the inspection.
• Help Scouts identify hazards without doing the work for them.
• Discuss realistic solutions for problems found.
• Focus on practical home safety improvements.

Requirement 5e: Smoke and Carbon Monoxide Alarms

What You Need To Do

Find local alarm requirements and identify the smoke and CO alarms in your home, including locations and expiration dates.

Helpful Tips

• Smoke alarms provide early warning of fire.
• CO alarms warn of carbon monoxide gas.
• Smoke alarms are usually installed on every level of a home.
• Smoke alarms are often placed inside and outside sleeping areas.
• CO alarms are commonly installed near bedrooms.
• Check the manufacture or expiration date on each alarm.
• Most smoke alarms are replaced every 10 years.
• Many CO alarms are replaced every 5 to 10 years.
• Record the type and location of each alarm.
• Contact local officials if community requirements are unclear.

Resources

• Understanding Smoke and Carbon Monoxide Detectors (video)

Leader Tips

• Help Scouts locate alarm information labels.
• Encourage accurate record keeping.
• Review the purpose of each type of alarm.
• Discuss local requirements when available.

Requirement 5f: Maintaining Smoke and CO Alarms

What You Need To Do

Demonstrate how to maintain smoke and carbon monoxide alarms and review plans for replacing expired units.

Helpful Tips

• Test alarms monthly using the test button.
• Replace batteries when needed.
• Follow manufacturer instructions for maintenance.
• Clean alarms to remove dust and debris.
• Check expiration dates regularly.
• Replace expired alarms promptly.
• Listen for low-battery warning chirps.
• Keep alarms installed at all times.
• Use replacement units that meet current standards.
• Record maintenance dates for future reference.

Resources

• Home Smoke Alarm Testing and Maintenance (video)
• Smoke Alarm Maintenance (video)

Leader Tips

• Allow Scouts to perform the maintenance steps.
• Demonstrate proper testing procedures.
• Discuss alarm replacement schedules.
• Reinforce the importance of regular maintenance.

Requirement 5g: Home Fire Escape Plan

What You Need To Do

Create a home fire escape plan, mark exits, identify a meeting place, and conduct a family fire drill.

Helpful Tips

• Draw a floor plan of your home.
• Mark all doors and windows that can be used as exits.
• Identify two exits from each room when possible.
• Choose an outdoor family meeting place.
• Make sure everyone knows the meeting location.
• Practice escaping quickly and safely.
• Stay low if smoke is present.
• Never stop to collect belongings during a fire.
• Conduct drills during both daytime and nighttime hours.
• Review and improve the plan after each drill.
• Include all family members in the drill.

Resources

• How To Survive a Fire (video)
• Home Fire Escape Plans (website)
• Home Fire Escape Plans (PDF)

Leader Tips

• Encourage realistic practice drills.
• Review escape plans for completeness.
• Discuss special needs within the household.
• Stress the importance of regular practice.

Requirement 5h: Natural Gas and Smoke Emergencies

What You Need To Do

Explain what actions to take and avoid when you smell natural gas or smoke.

Helpful Tips

• Leave the area immediately if you smell natural gas.
• Move to a safe location before calling for help.
• Do not use matches or lighters.
• Do not operate electrical switches.
• Do not use phones inside the affected area.
• Call the gas company or 911 from a safe location.
• Investigate smoke cautiously.
• Follow your fire escape plan if a fire is present.
• Stay low while exiting a smoky building.
• Never ignore the smell of smoke.
• Do not re-enter a building until authorities approve it.

Resources

• Gas Explosion Prevention (video)
• What To Do if You Smell Gas (video)

Leader Tips

• Review both situations separately.
• Discuss why sparks can ignite natural gas.
• Practice emergency decision-making scenarios.
• Emphasize personal safety first.

Requirement 5i: Reporting a Fire

What You Need To Do

Explain how to report a fire so the fire department can respond.

Helpful Tips

• Call 911 as soon as it is safe to do so.
• Stay calm while speaking to the dispatcher.
• Give the exact address of the fire.
• Include apartment numbers or building names if needed.
• Describe what you see, including smoke or flames.
• Mention any trapped or injured people.
• Answer all dispatcher questions clearly.
• Follow instructions from the dispatcher.
• Stay on the line until told to hang up.
• Meet responding firefighters if it is safe to do so.
• Never return to a burning building.

Resources

• How To Call 911 (video)
• What Happens When You Call 911 (video)

Leader Tips

• Let Scouts practice reporting a fire in role-playing exercises.
• Emphasize clear and accurate communication.
• Review the information dispatchers need.
• Reinforce staying calm during emergencies.

Requirement 6a: Flammable and Combustible Liquids

What You Need To Do

Explain what flammable and combustible liquids are commonly found in homes and how they should be stored safely.

Helpful Tips

• Flammable liquids ignite at lower temperatures.
• Gasoline and lighter fluid are common flammable liquids.
• Combustible liquids ignite at higher temperatures.
• Motor oil and kerosene are common combustible liquids.
• Store these liquids in approved containers.
• Keep containers tightly closed when not in use.
• Store them away from stoves, heaters, and open flames.
• Choose a cool, dry, and well-ventilated storage area.
• Keep these products out of reach of children and pets.
• Avoid storing large amounts unless necessary.
• Read and follow storage instructions on product labels.
• Check containers regularly for leaks or damage.

Resources

• Flammable Liquids (video)
• Storing Flammable Liquids Safely (video)

Leader Tips

• Show examples of products commonly found at home.
• Discuss the difference between flammable and combustible liquids.
• Review safe storage locations.
• Emphasize proper labeling and container use.

Requirement 6b: Safe Refueling

What You Need To Do

Describe the safe procedure for refueling a liquid-fueled engine using fuel from an approved container.

Helpful Tips

• Turn off the engine before refueling.
• Allow the engine to cool before adding fuel.
• Refuel outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
• Keep fuel away from sparks and open flames.
• Use an approved fuel container.
• Place the container on the ground while pouring fuel.
• Fill the tank slowly to avoid spills.
• Do not overfill the fuel tank.
• Clean up any spilled fuel immediately.
• Close the fuel cap securely after refueling.
• Return the fuel container to its storage location.
• Never smoke while handling fuel.

Resources

• How To Pump Gas (video)

Leader Tips

• Review each step in the correct order.
• Discuss why hot engines increase fire risk.
• Emphasize spill prevention and cleanup.
• Reinforce safe fuel handling habits.

Requirement 6c: Safe Disposal of Hazardous Materials

What You Need To Do

Describe the options available in your community for disposing of flammable, combustible, and hazardous substances safely.

Helpful Tips

• Many communities have household hazardous waste collection sites.
• Special collection events may be held during the year.
• Used motor oil is often accepted at recycling centers.
• Rechargeable batteries are commonly accepted through recycling programs.
• Some stores offer take-back programs for batteries and other products.
• Propane tanks may require special disposal procedures.
• Follow disposal instructions on product labels.
• Contact local waste management offices for guidance.
• Never pour gasoline, paint thinner, or chemicals down drains.
• Never dump hazardous materials on the ground.
• Never burn hazardous materials.
• Keep unwanted products in their original containers until disposal.

Resources

• How To Dispose of Gasoline (video)
• How To Dispose of Old Gasoline (video)

Leader Tips

• Encourage Scouts to research local disposal options.
• Discuss why improper disposal creates fire hazards.
• Review common household hazardous materials.
• Stress following local regulations and disposal procedures.

Requirement 7a: Fire Safety Design in Public Buildings

What You Need To Do

Explain how public buildings are designed to improve fire safety and protect occupants during emergencies.

Helpful Tips

• Public buildings are designed to slow the spread of fire.
• Fire-resistant walls and floors help contain flames.
• Fire-rated doors can block fire and smoke.
• Exit doors are placed to allow quick evacuation.
• Exit signs help people find escape routes.
• Emergency lighting works during power failures.
• Buildings often include evacuation maps.
• Hallways and stairwells provide paths to safety.
• Building codes establish fire safety requirements.
• Regular inspections help maintain safety features.

Resources

• Fire Safety in High-Rise Buildings (website)
• Fire Safety in Assembly Occupancies (website)

Leader Tips

• Point out fire safety features in buildings Scouts visit.
• Discuss how building design protects occupants.
• Encourage Scouts to identify exits and escape routes.
• Connect building design to emergency preparedness.

Requirement 7b: Fire Safety Systems and Equipment

What You Need To Do

Explain the fire safety systems and equipment commonly found in public buildings.

Helpful Tips

• Smoke detectors can detect signs of fire.
• Heat detectors respond to high temperatures.
• Fire alarms alert occupants to evacuate.
• Sprinkler systems can control or extinguish fires.
• Fire extinguishers are available for small fires.
• Fire doors help limit the spread of smoke and flames.
• Exit signs direct people toward safe exits.
• Emergency lighting helps during power outages.
• Standpipe systems provide water access for firefighters.
• Fire hoses may be connected to standpipe systems.
• Public address systems can provide emergency instructions.
• Some buildings have exterior fire escapes.

Resources

• How To Conduct a Fire Drill (video)

Leader Tips

• Show examples of equipment found in schools, churches, or stores.
• Discuss the purpose of each system.
• Help Scouts connect equipment to specific fire safety functions.
• Reinforce that trained firefighters handle larger fires.

Requirement 7c: Fire Safety Precautions in Public Buildings

What You Need To Do

Explain the fire safety precautions you should take when visiting a public building.

Helpful Tips

• Locate the nearest exits when entering a building.
• Identify a second exit in case the first is blocked.
• Pay attention to exit signs and evacuation maps.
• Keep hallways and exits clear.
• Be aware of fire alarms and extinguishers.
• Follow instructions from building staff during emergencies.
• Leave immediately when a fire alarm sounds.
• Use stairs instead of elevators during a fire.
• Stay calm while evacuating.
• Move away from the building after exiting.
• Go to the designated gathering area if one is provided.
• Do not re-enter until authorities declare the building safe.

Resources

• NFPA Tips for Fire Safety in Public Buildings (website)

Leader Tips

• Encourage Scouts to identify exits whenever they enter a building.
• Practice discussing evacuation decisions.
• Review why elevators should not be used during fires.
• Emphasize calm and orderly evacuation procedures.

Requirement 8a: Leave No Trace and Campfires

What You Need To Do

Explain how the Leave No Trace Seven Principles apply to campfires and fire use while camping.

Helpful Tips

• Check fire regulations before your trip.
• Follow any fire bans or restrictions in the area.
• Use existing fire rings whenever possible.
• Keep campfires small and manageable.
• Burn only clean, natural wood.
• Do not burn trash, plastic, or food wrappers.
• Collect only dead and downed wood when allowed.
• Avoid creating new fire rings.
• Fully extinguish fires before leaving.
• Cool ashes with water and stir them thoroughly.
• Reduce smoke that could affect nearby campers.
• Protect plants, wildlife, and natural features.

Resources

• The 7 Principles of Leave No Trace (website)
• Leave No Trace Principle 5: Minimize Campfire Impacts (video)

Leader Tips

• Connect each Leave No Trace principle to fire use.
• Discuss how campfires can affect natural areas.
• Encourage Scouts to use established fire sites.
• Reinforce minimizing impact on the environment.

Requirement 8b: Match Safety

What You Need To Do

Demonstrate how to safely light, extinguish, and dispose of a match and explain the differences between safety matches and strike-anywhere matches.

Helpful Tips

• Hold the match near the end opposite the match head.
• Strike the match away from your body.
• Keep the flame pointed away from your hand.
• Watch for nearby combustible materials.
• Blow out the match completely when finished.
• Confirm the match is cool before disposal.
• Place used matches in a nonflammable container.
• Safety matches require a special striking surface.
• Strike-anywhere matches can ignite on many rough surfaces.
• Safety matches are less likely to ignite accidentally.
• Strike-anywhere matches require extra caution.
• Store matches in a dry location.

Resources

• How To Light Paper Matches Safely (video)
• Fire 101 How To Strike Matches (video)

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate proper match handling before Scout practice.
• Supervise all match activities closely.
• Discuss situations where each match type may be used.
• Emphasize safe disposal procedures.

Requirement 8c: Flint and Steel or Ferro Rod

What You Need To Do

Create a flame using flint and steel or a ferro rod and safely extinguish the flame using a fire tetrahedron principle.

Helpful Tips

• Gather tinder before making sparks.
• Dry tinder catches sparks more easily.
• Common tinder includes dry grass, char cloth, and cotton fibers.
• Hold the ferro rod or flint close to the tinder.
• Aim sparks directly into the tinder bundle.
• Gently blow on glowing tinder to encourage ignition.
• Add small kindling after a flame appears.
• Build the fire gradually.
• Remove oxygen by smothering the flame.
• Remove heat by applying water.
• Remove fuel by separating burning materials.
• Confirm the fire is completely extinguished before leaving.

Resources

• Making Fire With Flint and Steel (video)
• How To Start a Fire With Flint and Steel (video)
• How To Start a Campfire in the Rain? (video)

Leader Tips

• Let Scouts practice spark-making techniques.
• Discuss the fire tetrahedron during the activity.
• Encourage patience and proper preparation.
• Focus on safety during ignition and extinguishment.

Requirement 8d: Starting a Charcoal Fire

Demonstrate the safe method for starting a charcoal fire.

Helpful Tips

• Use a grill or approved fire container.
• Place the grill on a stable surface.
• Arrange charcoal to allow airflow.
• A charcoal chimney starter is a common ignition method.
• Use only approved starter materials.
• Never add starter fluid to burning coals.
• Light charcoal with a long match or lighter.
• Keep your face and hands away from flames.
• Wait until coals are covered with gray ash.
• Keep water or an extinguisher nearby.
• Never leave charcoal unattended.
• Allow coals to cool completely before disposal.

Leader Tips

• Review safe ignition methods before the demonstration.
• Discuss the hazards of starter fluid misuse.
• Emphasize supervision around hot coals.
• Reinforce proper extinguishment procedures.

Requirement 8e: Campfire Lays

What You Need To Do

Describe three campfire lays and demonstrate building, lighting, and extinguishing a campfire using proper materials and Leave No Trace practices.

Helpful Tips

• A teepee lay uses sticks arranged in a cone shape.
• A log cabin lay uses stacked wood in a square pattern.
• A lean-to lay uses sticks leaning against a support stick.
• Tinder is the smallest and easiest material to ignite.
• Kindling helps transfer the flame to larger fuel.
• Fuel wood keeps the fire burning.
• Gather materials before lighting the fire.
• Use dead and downed wood when permitted.
• Build fires only in approved locations.
• Add fuel gradually as the fire grows.
• Keep the fire attended at all times.
• Douse, stir, and feel ashes until completely cold.

Resources

• 3 Campfire Lays—Through the Eyes of a Thermal Camera (video)

Leader Tips

• Have Scouts identify tinder, kindling, and fuel.
• Review the strengths of different fire lays.
• Stress Leave No Trace principles throughout the activity.
• Verify fires are completely extinguished before ending the lesson.

Requirement 8f: Camp Stove Safety

What You Need To Do

Demonstrate the safe operation of a camp stove.

Helpful Tips

• Set the stove on a level surface.
• Keep the stove away from tents and dry vegetation.
• Inspect fuel connections before use.
• Use only the recommended fuel.
• Follow manufacturer instructions.
• Ignite the stove carefully.
• Keep cookware stable while cooking.
• Never leave a lit stove unattended.
• Turn off the fuel supply after use.
• Allow the stove to cool completely.
• Store fuel in approved containers.
• Keep fuel away from heat sources.

Resources

• How To Use a Camping Stove (video)

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate stove setup before Scout use.
• Inspect equipment for safety issues.
• Review fuel handling procedures.
• Reinforce proper shutdown and storage practices.

Requirement 8g: Fire-Safe Campsites

What You Need To Do

Explain how to set up and maintain a campsite that reduces fire hazards.

Helpful Tips

• Choose campsites with low fire risk.
• Use established fire rings when available.
• Clear combustible debris from the fire area.
• Keep water and a shovel nearby.
• Store firewood away from the fire.
• Store stove fuel in approved containers.
• Keep cooking areas away from sleeping areas.
• Avoid building fires beneath low branches.
• Maintain a clean campsite.
• Never leave fires unattended.
• Extinguish fires before sleeping.
• Check for cold ashes before leaving camp.

Resources

• Campfire Safety | How To Make a Fire While Camping | How To Put Out a Campfire Safely (video)

Leader Tips

• Walk through a campsite setup with Scouts.
• Identify common campsite fire hazards.
• Encourage regular safety checks.
• Connect campsite safety to emergency preparedness.

Requirement 8h: Teaching a Fire Safety Skill

What You Need To Do

Create a lesson plan for a fire safety skill or topic and teach it using the EDGE method.

Helpful Tips

• Choose a skill you can demonstrate safely.
• Break the skill into clear steps.
• Gather all needed materials before teaching.
• Explain the skill and its purpose.
• Demonstrate the skill slowly and clearly.
• Guide Scouts as they practice.
• Correct unsafe techniques immediately.
• Allow Scouts to perform the skill independently.
• Include important safety precautions.
• Keep the lesson organized and easy to follow.
• Practice your lesson before teaching.
• Review how the lesson went afterward.

Resources

• The EDGE Method (website)
• The Teaching EDGE: The Best Way To Teach Someone a New Skill (website)

Leader Tips

• Review lesson plans before Scouts teach.
• Encourage use of all four EDGE steps.
• Observe teaching sessions and provide feedback.
• Focus on communication, safety, and confidence.

Requirement 9a: Causes and Prevention of Wildland Fires

What You Need To Do

List common causes of wildland fires and describe ways to prevent them.

Helpful Tips

• Unattended campfires are a common cause of wildland fires.
• Campfires should be completely extinguished before leaving.
• Discarded cigarettes can ignite dry vegetation.
• Cigarettes should be fully extinguished before disposal.
• Sparks from vehicles and equipment can start fires.
• Spark arrestors can help reduce fire risk.
• Outdoor debris burning can spread beyond control.
• Follow local burn restrictions and burn bans.
• Downed power lines can ignite dry grass and brush.
• Lightning is a natural cause of many wildland fires.
• Arson is the deliberate setting of fires.
• Report fires quickly so emergency crews can respond.

Resources

• Wildfires 101 (video)

Leader Tips

• Discuss both human-caused and natural fire causes.
• Relate prevention methods to camping and outdoor activities.
• Encourage Scouts to identify local wildfire risks.
• Reinforce personal responsibility in fire prevention.

Requirement 9b: Consequences of Wildland Fires

What You Need To Do

Explain the social, economic, and environmental effects of wildland fires.

Helpful Tips

• Wildland fires can force families to evacuate their homes.
• Some people lose homes, businesses, and personal property.
• Smoke can cause breathing problems and poor air quality.
• Firefighters and residents may be injured during fires.
• Fire suppression requires large amounts of money and resources.
• Roads, power lines, and other infrastructure may be damaged.
• Tourism can decline after major fires.
• Agriculture and forestry operations can suffer losses.
• Wildlife habitats may be destroyed.
• Animals can be injured or displaced.
• Soil erosion often increases after vegetation burns away.
• Large fires release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

Resources

• How Are Wildfires Making Us Sick (video)
• How Wildfires Affect Water Supply (video)
• A Better Way To Think Abut Wildland Fires (video)

Leader Tips

• Discuss how wildland fires affect both people and nature.
• Use recent examples when appropriate.
• Help Scouts connect fire prevention to community protection.
• Emphasize the long-term effects of major fires.

Requirement 10a: Fire Station Visit

What You Need To Do

Visit a fire station, identify different fire service vehicles, learn about fire prevention activities and firefighter careers, and discuss what you learned with your counselor.

Helpful Tips

• A pumper truck carries water, hoses, and pumping equipment.
• Ladder trucks have extendable ladders for rescues and firefighting.
• Rescue trucks carry specialized rescue equipment.
• Tankers transport water to areas without hydrants.
• Wildland fire engines are designed for rough terrain.
• Ask firefighters about their daily responsibilities.
• Ask about training and certifications required for the job.
• Learn about fire prevention programs in your community.
• Ask about smoke alarm campaigns and safety education programs.
• Find out what types of emergencies firefighters respond to.
• Take notes during your visit.
• Be prepared to discuss what you learned with your counselor.

Resources

Fire Station Tour for Kids (video)
Memphis Fire Department Virtual Field Trip (video)

Leader Tips

• Encourage Scouts to prepare questions before the visit.
• Help Scouts identify different vehicle types and their purposes.
• Remind Scouts to be respectful guests.
• Discuss key observations after the visit.

Requirement 10b: Fire Safety Careers

What You Need To Do

Research fire safety careers, choose one career for deeper study, and discuss your findings with your counselor.

Helpful Tips

• Research at least three fire safety careers.
• Choose one career for detailed investigation.
• Find out the education requirements for the career.
• Research required certifications and training.
• Look into experience requirements.
• Estimate the costs of training and education.
• Research employment opportunities in the field.
• Look at typical starting salaries.
• Investigate advancement opportunities.
• Identify long-term career goals associated with the position.
• Consider the daily duties of the career.
• Decide whether the career interests you.

Careers To Consider

• Firefighter
• Fire Inspector
• Fire Investigator
• Wildland Firefighter
• Fire Protection Engineer
• Emergency Dispatcher
• Fire Safety Educator
• Hazardous Materials Technician
• Industrial Firefighter
• Smokejumper
• Fire Marshal
• Emergency Management Specialist
• Building Inspector
• Safety Manager
• Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)

Resources

• How To Become a Firefighter (video)
• Wildland Firefighting and Wildland Fire Ecology Jobs (video)

Leader Tips

• Help Scouts find reliable career information sources.
• Encourage Scouts to compare several career options.
• Discuss how different careers require different training paths.
• Focus on helping Scouts connect career research to personal interests.

Safety Programs Feature for Scouts BSA

The updated Safety program feature for Scouts BSA teaches important skills to stay safe in various situations, from home to the outdoors. Scouts learn about hazard awareness, preventing crime, internet safety, and more through practical and engaging activities like games, skits, and trivia. This feature emphasizes being prepared and understanding actions, consequences, and risks. It also shares connections with the Fire Safety merit badge, which helps Scouts learn essential fire safety skills.

Troop meetings can include activities like identifying travel hazards, exploring workplace safety, or even planning a neighborhood watch program. Scouts also have opportunities to tour public safety agencies or learn about careers in public safety. The program encourages hands-on experiences, such as holding a safety fair or observing safety practices at large events. Like the Fire Safety merit badge, this feature equips Scouts with the knowledge and confidence to handle hazardous situations responsibly.

More Merit Badge Resources

The Fire Safety merit badge is part of a wide set of badges that help Scouts learn practical skills. It teaches safe habits, how fires start, and how to prevent them. It also gives Scouts a chance to visit local fire stations and talk with trained firefighters. This helps them see how their learning connects to real situations. It fits well with other badges that focus on home safety, first aid, and emergency skills.

The merit badge program lets Scouts explore many topics. The Fire Safety merit badge adds an important layer because it teaches responsibility and care for others. It encourages Scouts to notice risks and take steps to protect themselves and their community. Many Scouts enjoy working on it because they can practice real skills and understand how fires affect families and neighborhoods. It is one of many badges that help Scouts grow in knowledge and confidence.

Learn More about Scouts BSA

The Fire Safety merit badge supports the larger goals of Scouts BSA. It builds good habits, awareness, and respect for safety rules. These skills help Scouts make wise choices and keep their families and patrols safe. It also teaches them how to respond in an emergency, which ties in with leadership and teamwork.

The badge connects with the program’s focus on growth. Fire Safety encourages responsibility, service, and learning from trained professionals. Scouts also build fitness by practicing safe actions and moving with purpose during drills. It supports citizenship by helping Scouts understand how fire departments serve the community. It fits well with the program’s goal of forming capable and caring youth.

What is the Fire Safety merit badge?

The Fire Safety merit badge teaches Scouts about fire prevention, fire behavior, and how to stay safe around fire. Scouts also learn about the equipment used to fight fires and the work firefighters do to keep communities safe.

Why is the Fire Safety merit badge important?

This merit badge helps Scouts understand how fires start, how to prevent them, and how to act safely in a fire emergency. Learning these skills can help protect Scouts, their families, and their communities from fire dangers.

Do I need to visit a fire station for the Fire Safety merit badge?

Yes, visiting a fire station is part of the requirements. Scouts learn about different types of fire trucks and equipment and hear about fire prevention programs in the community.

What types of fire extinguishers should I learn about for the Fire Safety merit badge?

For this badge, Scouts should know the basic types of fire extinguishers, such as Class A, B, C, and multipurpose extinguishers. Each type is used for different kinds of fires, like fires caused by wood, liquids, or electrical equipment.

What are common causes of home fires covered in the Fire Safety merit badge?

Some common causes include cooking accidents, unattended candles, smoking indoors, electrical issues, and fireplace mishaps. Scouts learn how to prevent these fires by being aware and following safety tips.

Are smoke detectors part of the Fire Safety merit badge requirements?

Yes, Scouts need to understand the importance of smoke detectors and check if they are properly installed and working in their homes. They should also learn about the different types of smoke detectors.

What is the fire tetrahedron, and why do I need to know about it?

The fire tetrahedron explains the four things that keep a fire burning: heat, fuel, oxygen, and a chemical reaction. Knowing this helps Scouts understand how to stop fires by removing one of these elements.

Do I have to practice fire drills for the Fire Safety merit badge?

Yes, Scouts should create a fire escape plan for their home and practice a fire drill with their family. This prepares everyone to act quickly and safely in case of a fire.

What careers are related to the Fire Safety merit badge?

Careers include firefighter, fire inspector, fire investigator, safety officer, emergency medical technician (EMT), and fire safety educator. These roles focus on fire prevention, safety, and emergency response.

The Fire Safety merit badge teaches Scouts how to protect themselves, their families, and their communities from fire hazards. Through this badge, Scouts learn how fires start, how they spread, and how to prevent them. They also practice skills like making a fire escape plan, checking smoke detectors, and using a fire extinguisher safely. The Fire Safety merit badge is all about being prepared and understanding the best ways to stay safe around fire.

As part of the Fire Safety merit badge, Scouts visit a fire station to see firefighters and their equipment up close. They learn about the different fire trucks and tools used to control fires and rescue people. Firefighters also share advice about preventing fires in homes and communities, making it a valuable experience for anyone who wants to keep others safe.

Completing the Fire Safety merit badge gives Scouts skills they can use for life. They learn not only how to prevent fires but also how to act quickly and safely if a fire does happen. This badge is a great way to understand the dangers of fire while gaining hands-on experience that could one day save lives.