Climbing Merit Badge

Free Resources and Answers

Time: 2–4 weeks
Difficulty: Challenging
Setting: Climbing gym, outdoor rock
Best For: Scouts interested in climbing, adventure, physical challenge
Hands-On Level: High
Requires Camping/Travel: No
Eagle Required: No

The Climbing merit badge gives you a chance to learn how to climb and rappel safely. You will work with ropes, harnesses, carabiners, and other climbing equipment. You will also practice the skills needed to protect yourself and others.

As you work on the badge, you will learn important knots, climbing commands, and belaying skills. You will practice climbing and rappelling while following safety rules. You will also learn how to reduce your impact on the places where you climb.

Climbing can test your strength, focus, and courage. You may face moments when you need to stay calm and trust your training. By earning the Climbing merit badge, you can build useful skills and gain confidence as you take on new challenges.

The requirements for this merit badge were updated effective January 1, 2025.

Download the Climbing Merit Badge Requirements

Climbing Merit Badge Pamphlet

Climbing Merit Badge Printable Requirement Check Off Sheet

Checklist for All Merit Badges

Help with Answers for Climbing Merit Badge Requirements

Find specific helps for some of the Climbing merit badge requirements listed below. Some of these resources will just give the answers. Others will provide engaging ways for older Scouts to introduce these concepts to new Scouts.

• Requirement 1: Hazards and First Aid
• Requirement 2: Outdoor Ethics
• Requirement 3: Clothing
• Requirement 4: Location
• Requirement 5: Verbal Signals
• Requirement 6: Rope
• Requirement 7: Knots
• Requirement 8: Harness, Helmet, and Gloves
• Requirement 9: CHECK System
• Requirement 10: Belaying
• Requirement 11: Climbing
• Requirement 12: Rappelling
• Requirement 13: Storage
• More Resources

Requirement 1a: Climbing Hazards

What You Need To Do

Describe the main hazards you may face while climbing or rappelling. Include ways to prevent problems and respond when something goes wrong.

Helpful Tips

• Falls can happen when equipment, knots, or belay systems fail.
• Wear a helmet and use the correct harness and safety gear.
• Check knots, ropes, harnesses, anchors, and carabiners before climbing.
• Loose rocks can fall and injure people below.
• Stay out of areas with unstable rock and keep space between climbers.
• Check the weather before the activity begins.
• Stop climbing when lightning, strong wind, heavy rain, or other unsafe weather moves in.
• Drink water, take breaks, and stop before fatigue affects your safety.
• Use clear climbing commands with your partner.
• Follow the climbing area rules and the instructions of trained leaders.

Resources

Risk Management in Rock Climbing (video)

Leader Tips

• Ask Scouts to look for hazards at the climbing site before the activity begins.
• Use real equipment to review safety checks and common mistakes.
• Let Scouts practice climbing commands with partners.
• Guide Scouts through simple emergency examples.

Requirement 1b: First Aid and Prevention

What You Need To Do

Show the first aid steps for common climbing injuries and illnesses. Include ways to help prevent each problem.

Helpful Tips

• Heat illness can cause heavy sweating, weakness, headache, or confusion. Move the person to a cooler place and cool them slowly.
• Cold reactions can cause shivering, numbness, poor coordination, or confusion. Move the person to shelter and warm them slowly.
• Dehydration can cause thirst, headache, weakness, and dizziness. Drink water often before these signs become serious.
• Stopped breathing requires immediate emergency action. Open the airway, check breathing, and begin rescue care as trained.
• Sprains cause pain and swelling around a joint. Stop using the injured area and use rest, cold, support, and elevation when appropriate.
• Abrasions should be cleaned with clean water and covered with a sterile dressing.
• Fractures require support and limited movement. Do not straighten a badly injured limb.
• Rope burns should be cooled with clean water and covered with a clean dressing.
• Blisters can be prevented with proper footwear and dry socks. Protect a blister from more rubbing.
• For snakebite, move away from the snake, keep the person calm, and get medical help.
• A concussion can follow a blow to the head. Stop the activity and get medical care.
• Insect bites and stings may cause pain, swelling, or an allergic reaction. Watch for trouble breathing or swelling of the face or throat.

Resources

• Treatment of Rope Burns (website)
• Head, Neck, and Spine Injuries (video)
• First Aid for Concussions (video)
• Fracture and Dislocation (video)
• How To Treat A Blister Correctly (First, Look At Your Blister Roof) (video)
• What Is Dehydration? Causes, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment. (video)

Leader Tips

• Use first aid scenarios related to climbing and rappelling.
• Have Scouts practice with first aid supplies when possible.
• Ask Scouts to connect each injury with a prevention step.
• Correct unsafe first aid methods during practice.

Requirement 1c: When CPR Is Needed

What You Need To Do

Identify the conditions that must exist before CPR begins. The person must be unresponsive and not breathing normally.

Helpful Tips

• Check the area for danger before approaching the person.
• Check for a response by tapping the person and speaking loudly.
• Call for emergency help or send someone to call.
• Get an AED when one is available.
• Check for normal breathing.
• Gasping is not normal breathing.
• Begin CPR when the person is unresponsive and not breathing normally.
• Follow the CPR method from current first aid training.
• Use the AED as soon as it arrives.
• Continue care until trained help takes over or the person begins breathing normally.

Resources

• What To Do Before Starting Hands-Only CPR (video)

Leader Tips

• Use a CPR manikin for practice when possible.
• Review the steps in the correct order.
• Keep the focus on quick action and personal safety.
• Use current CPR guidance from an approved training course.

Requirement 2: Leave No Trace

What You Need To Do

Review the Leave No Trace Seven Principles. Describe how each principle applies during a climbing trip.

Helpful Tips

• Plan ahead and prepare by checking the climbing area, weather, rules, and needed gear.
• Travel and camp on durable surfaces by using trails and established climbing areas.
• Dispose of waste properly by packing out trash, food scraps, and other waste.
• Leave what you find by keeping rocks, plants, and natural features in place.
• Minimize campfire impacts by following local fire rules and using established fire areas.
• Respect wildlife by keeping your distance and avoiding nests, dens, and feeding areas.
• Be considerate of other visitors by keeping noise low and sharing the area.
• Follow local climbing rules to protect rock surfaces and nearby land.
• Keep food and trash secured so animals cannot reach them.

Resources

• The 7 Principles of Leave No Trace (website)
• Leave No Trace (video)

Leader Tips

• Use the climbing site to connect each principle with a real example.
• Ask Scouts to find signs of past damage or good outdoor care.
• Give Scouts simple trip situations and have them choose the best action.
• Model good Leave No Trace practices throughout the activity.

Requirement 2: Outdoor Code

What You Need To Do

Review the Outdoor Code and describe how its parts apply to climbing and other outdoor activities.

Helpful Tips

• Be clean in your outdoor manners by packing out all trash and waste.
• Keep climbing areas, trails, and campsites free of litter.
• Be careful with fire by following all fire restrictions and local rules.
• Use fires only where they are allowed and put them out completely.
• Be considerate in the outdoors by respecting climbers, hikers, landowners, and nearby groups.
• Keep noise at a reasonable level and avoid blocking trails or climbing routes.
• Be conservation-minded by protecting plants, soil, water, wildlife, and rock surfaces.
• Follow area rules created to protect natural and historic resources.
• Use the Outdoor Code along with the Leave No Trace Seven Principles.

Resources

• The Outdoor Code (website)

Leader Tips

• Connect each part of the Outdoor Code with choices Scouts make during the trip.
• Give Scouts chances to care for the climbing area during the activity.
• Discuss how one poor choice can affect the site and other visitors.
• Model the Outdoor Code during every outdoor activity.

Requirement 3: Proper Clothing and Gear

What You Need To Do

Arrive dressed for belaying, climbing, and rappelling. Describe how each item helps with movement, safety, weather protection, and comfort.

Helpful Tips

• Wear clothing that allows your arms and legs to move freely.
• Avoid loose clothing that can catch on ropes, carabiners, or other equipment.
• Wear closed-toe shoes with good traction and a secure fit.
• Wear a properly fitted climbing helmet to protect your head.
• Wear a harness that fits correctly and stays in place during movement.
• Keep long hair tied back and secure.
• Remove loose jewelry, scarves, and other items that can become tangled.
• Dress in layers so you can adjust to changing temperatures.
• Bring rain or wind protection when the weather may change.
• Choose clothing that stays comfortable during climbing, belaying, and rappelling.
• Use gloves only when they are suitable for the activity and approved by the instructor.

Resources

• Sport Climbing Gear Checklist (video)
• How To Choose Climbing Shoes (video)
• How To Pick Top 10 Sport Climbing Essentials (video)
• Sport Climbing Gear Checklist (PDF)
• What Gear Do You Need for Winter Climbing (video)

Leader Tips

• Check clothing and gear before the climbing activity begins.
• Give Scouts time to fix loose clothing, hair, or gear.
• Ask each Scout to connect clothing choices with movement and safety.
• Model proper clothing and gear during the activity.

Requirement 4a: Climbing Difficulty

What You Need To Do

Describe how climbing difficulty is classified. Apply the correct rating to the climbing wall or rock face used for your climbing skills.

Helpful Tips

• Class 1 is hiking on a trail or easy ground.
• Class 2 is simple scrambling where hands may help with balance.
• Class 3 involves more scrambling and basic climbing moves.
• Class 4 requires climbing skills and usually uses a belay rope for protection.
• Class 5 is roped climbing with protection.
• The Yosemite Decimal System divides Class 5 climbs into difficulty ratings.
• Class 5 ratings begin at 5.1 and increase as climbs become harder.
• A route rating considers steepness, holds, moves, and other challenges.
• Indoor climbing walls usually mark each route with a difficulty rating.
• Weather and surface conditions can make the same route harder.

Resources

• Climbing Grades Explained (video)

Leader Tips

• Show Scouts several routes with different ratings.
• Let Scouts compare the features that make one route harder than another.
• Use the actual climbing site for this discussion.
• Keep Scouts within routes suited to their skill level.

Requirement 4b: Types of Climbing

What You Need To Do

Describe top-rope climbing, lead climbing, and bouldering. Include the main safety system used for each type.

Helpful Tips

• Top-rope climbing uses a rope that passes through an anchor above the climber.
• The rope connects the climber to a belayer below.
• The belayer manages the rope and limits the distance of a fall.
• Lead climbing starts with the rope attached to the climber but not to a top anchor.
• The lead climber connects the rope to protection points while moving upward.
• A lead climber can fall farther than a top-rope climber.
• Lead climbing requires advanced skills and training.
• Bouldering uses short climbing routes without ropes.
• Crash pads help reduce injuries from falls while bouldering.
• Spotters may help guide a falling climber toward the pads.

Resources

• Top Roping vs Lead Climbing vs Bouldering (video)

Leader Tips

• Show each type using equipment, photos, or the climbing site.
• Compare how falls and protection work in each type.
• Keep the discussion focused on the main differences.
• Use trained climbing staff for all demonstrations.

Requirement 4c: Climbing Area Safety

What You Need To Do

Check a climbing area for hazards before anyone climbs. Include weather, visibility, the climbing surface, and other conditions.

Helpful Tips

• Check the weather before the climbing activity begins.
• Lightning, strong winds, heavy rain, or extreme temperatures can make climbing unsafe.
• Good visibility helps climbers, belayers, and leaders see hazards.
• Check the rock or wall for loose sections, damage, or wet surfaces.
• Look above the climbing area for loose rocks or other falling objects.
• Check the ground for trip hazards and unsafe landing areas.
• Keep people away from areas below active climbers.
• Check anchors and equipment before use.
• Watch for wildlife, poisonous plants, unstable ground, and falling branches.
• Stop the activity when conditions become unsafe.

Leader Tips

• Walk through the area with Scouts before climbing begins.
• Let Scouts point out hazards and possible safety steps.
• Review the area again when weather or conditions change.
• Model a full safety check before each climbing session.

Requirement 4d: Emergency Help

What You Need To Do

Find the best way to call for help from the climbing area. Describe the medical training needed when the group climbs or rappels in a remote location.

Helpful Tips

• Check for cell service before the activity begins.
• Keep emergency phone numbers and site information ready.
• Give rescuers the exact location of the climbing area.
• Know the nearest road, trailhead, ranger station, or access point.
• A satellite communication device may be needed where phones do not work.
• Keep a first aid kit suited to the size of the group and length of the trip.
• Remote climbing areas may be far from emergency medical care.
• At least one group member should have first aid skills suited to the location and risks.
• Wilderness first aid training is useful when emergency help may take a long time to arrive.
• The group should have a plan for getting an injured person to safety.

Leader Tips

• Check the emergency plan before leaving for the climbing area.
• Have Scouts practice giving clear location information.
• Match first aid training and supplies to the distance from emergency help.
• Make sure adults and trained climbing staff know their emergency roles.

Requirement 5a: Signals for Climbers

What You Need To Do

Demonstrate the verbal signals used by a climber. Use clear commands so the climber and belayer can work together safely.

Helpful Tips

• Use the same commands agreed on by the group.
• “On belay?” asks whether the belayer is ready.
• “Belay on” confirms the belayer is ready.
• “Climbing” tells the belayer the climb is starting.
• “Climb on” gives the climber permission to begin.
• “Slack” asks for more rope.
• “Take” asks the belayer to remove slack from the rope.
• “Watch me” warns the belayer about a difficult move.
• “Falling” warns the belayer about a fall when possible.
• “Off belay” is used only when the climber is in a safe position and no longer needs the belay.
• Speak loudly enough for your partner to hear.
• Repeat a command when the response is unclear.

Resources

• Rock Climbing Commands (video)

Leader Tips

• Pair Scouts so each person practices both sides of the commands.
• Use the commands during actual climbing practice.
• Stop the activity when a command is missed or unclear.
• Follow the command system used by the climbing instructor or facility.

Requirement 5b: Signals for Rappellers

What You Need To Do

Demonstrate the verbal signals used during a rappel. Use clear commands before starting, during the descent, and after reaching a safe area.

Helpful Tips

• Use the command system required by the climbing instructor or site.
• “On rappel?” asks whether the rappel system is ready.
• “Rappel on” confirms the system is ready for the rappeller.
• “Rappelling” tells others the descent is starting.
• “Stop” calls for all movement to stop.
• Speak clearly when asking for help or a change in the system.
• Keep commands short so they are easy to hear.
• Reach a safe area before removing equipment.
• “Off rappel” confirms the rappeller is clear of the rope.
• Make sure the next person does not begin until the area below is clear.
• Repeat any command that cannot be heard.
• Never guess what another person said.

Leader Tips

• Practice the full command sequence before anyone rappels.
• Place Scouts where they can hear how commands travel.
• Have Scouts repeat unclear commands.
• Use the exact commands required by the climbing program.

Requirement 5c: Signals for Belayers

What You Need To Do

Demonstrate the verbal signals used by a belayer. Respond clearly to the climber and manage the rope based on the commands given.

Helpful Tips

• “Belay on” confirms the belay system is ready.
• “Climb on” gives the climber permission to start.
• Listen for every command from the climber.
• Give slack only when the climber asks for it.
• Take in rope when the climber calls “Take.”
• Pay close attention when the climber calls “Watch me.”
• Warn the climber before lowering begins.
• Lower the climber in a controlled way.
• Keep your attention on the climber throughout the climb.
• Repeat commands when noise makes them hard to hear.
• Stop when a command is confusing.
• Resume only after both partners are clear about the next step.

Resources

• Gym Top Rope Climbing: Verbal Commands (video)
• SL Climb Series: Rock Climbers Communicate How? (video)

Leader Tips

• Have Scouts practice commands while managing a rope.
• Watch for delayed or unclear responses.
• Rotate roles so Scouts practice as climber and belayer.
• Reinforce the command system used at the climbing site.

Requirement 5d: Signals for Boulderers and Spotters

What You Need To Do

Demonstrate the verbal signals used by a boulderer and spotter. Use clear communication before climbing, during difficult moves, and when coming down.

Helpful Tips

• The boulderer and spotter should agree on commands before starting.
• “Climbing” tells the spotter the boulderer is starting.
• “Spotting” confirms the spotter is ready.
• Warn about hazards near the climber or landing area.
• Call out when the boulderer moves toward the edge of the protected area.
• “Falling” warns the spotter when a fall is happening, when possible.
• The spotter should guide the boulderer toward the landing area.
• A spotter should not try to catch the full weight of a falling climber.
• Keep the landing area clear of people and loose gear.
• Use short commands during difficult moves.
• Speak loudly enough to be heard.
• Stop climbing when communication breaks down.

Resources

• ABCDs of Spotting (video)

Leader Tips

• Practice commands on low, simple bouldering routes.
• Show Scouts the correct role of a spotter.
• Keep the landing area clear during every practice.
• Use the command system required by the climbing instructor or facility.

Requirement 6a: Types of Climbing Rope

What You Need To Do

Describe the kinds of rope used for climbing and rappelling. Include the main difference between dynamic and static rope.

Helpful Tips

• Dynamic rope stretches when loaded during a fall.
• The stretch helps reduce the force on the climber and equipment.
• Dynamic rope is commonly used for climbing.
• Static rope has very little stretch.
• Static rope is often used for rappelling and other rope work.
• Twin ropes are designed to be used together as a pair.
• Half ropes are also used as a pair but may be clipped to different protection points.
• Use only rope made and rated for the specific climbing activity.
• Follow the rope maker’s instructions for proper use.
• Never use ordinary utility rope for climbing or rappelling.

Resources

• The Essential Guide for Every Climber (Dynamic vs Static Ropes) (video)

Leader Tips

• Show Scouts several types of climbing rope when possible.
• Let Scouts compare the feel and markings on different ropes.
• Connect each rope type with its proper use.
• Use only equipment approved for the climbing program.

Requirement 6b: Inspecting a Rope

What You Need To Do

Show how to check a climbing rope for wear or damage. Inspect the full length before the rope is used.

Helpful Tips

• Check the rope from one end to the other.
• Look for cuts, frayed fibers, and worn areas.
• Check for burns, melted spots, or other heat damage.
• Look for discoloration from chemicals or long sun exposure.
• Run the rope through your hands to check for lumps or soft spots.
• Feel for flat sections or places where the core seems damaged.
• Check the rope ends for heavy wear.
• Look for dirt or grit that may damage the fibers.
• Set the rope aside when damage is found.
• Have a qualified person check any rope with a questionable area.

Resources

• Rope Inspection 101: One of the Most Important Safety Steps (video)

Leader Tips

• Let Scouts inspect a rope slowly with both hands.
• Use damaged rope samples for practice when available.
• Ask Scouts to point out the reason a rope may be unsafe.
• Keep damaged practice rope clearly marked and out of service.

Requirement 6c: Preventing Rope Damage

What You Need To Do

Describe ways to protect climbing rope from damage. Proper use, handling, cleaning, and storage help keep a rope in safe condition.

Helpful Tips

• Keep rope away from sharp edges.
• Use rope protection where the rope may rub against rough surfaces.
• Keep the rope away from chemicals, fuel, bleach, and battery acid.
• Protect the rope from open flames and high heat.
• Keep people from stepping on the rope.
• Keep the rope out of dirt and sand when possible.
• Use a rope bag or tarp at the climbing site.
• Follow the maker’s directions when cleaning a rope.
• Let a wet rope dry fully before storage.
• Store rope in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight.
• Coil or bag the rope so it does not become tangled or damaged.

Resources

• Safety First: Preventing Rope Failures and Ensuring Longevity (website)

Leader Tips

• Set up a clean rope area before the activity begins.
• Give Scouts responsibility for keeping ropes off dirt and rough ground.
• Point out hazards that can damage rope during use.
• Model careful rope handling throughout the activity.

Requirement 6d: Retiring a Rope

What You Need To Do

Describe when a climbing rope must be removed from service. Include damage, age, heavy use, and other events that may weaken the rope.

Helpful Tips

• Retire a rope with serious cuts or heavy abrasion.
• Retire a rope with soft spots, flat areas, or core damage.
• Remove a rope from service after harmful chemical exposure.
• Heat damage can make a rope unsafe.
• A severe fall or other major load may require retirement.
• Heavy use can shorten the life of a rope.
• Follow the manufacturer’s age and service-life guidance.
• Keep records of when a rope was purchased and how it was used.
• Set aside any rope with an unknown history.
• Mark retired rope so no one uses it for climbing.
• Cut or clearly label retired rope before using it for another purpose.

Resources

• When To Retire a Climbing Rope (video)

Leader Tips

• Show Scouts how rope records can track age and use.
• Use real examples of wear when possible.
• Let Scouts decide whether practice samples should stay in service.
• Keep all retired rope separate from active climbing gear.

Requirement 6e: Coiling a Rope

What You Need To Do

Properly coil a climbing rope. Keep the rope organized and ready for storage or transport.

Helpful Tips

• Start with the rope free of knots and tangles.
• Check the rope while coiling it.
• Keep each coil close to the same size.
• Avoid twisting or kinking the rope.
• Hold the coils securely as you work.
• Leave enough rope at the end to secure the coil.
• Wrap the end around the bundle as directed.
• Secure the coil so it will not come apart.
• Make sure the rope can be carried without dragging.
• Store the coil in a clean, dry place.
• Use the coiling method required by the climbing program.

Resources

• How To Coil a Climbing Rope (video)

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate the full coiling method before Scouts begin.
• Give each Scout enough rope for hands-on practice.
• Check for twists, uneven loops, and loose bundles.
• Have Scouts repeat the skill until they can do it correctly.

Requirement 7a: Figure Eight on a Bight

What You Need To Do

Tie a figure eight on a bight. Give one example of how this knot is used in climbing, belaying, or rappelling.

Helpful Tips

• Start with a bight, which is a folded section of rope.
• Use the doubled rope to form a figure eight.
• Pass the bight through the final opening.
• Pull the knot tight.
• Dress the knot so the strands lie neatly beside each other.
• Check for twists and crossed strands.
• Leave a large enough loop for its intended use.
• This knot creates a strong loop in the rope.
• The loop can be clipped to a carabiner when used in an approved climbing system.
• Follow the method shown by the climbing instructor.

Resources

• How To Tie a Figure 8 Knot on a Bight (video)

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate the knot slowly before Scouts begin.
• Let Scouts compare a well-dressed knot with a messy one.
• Check the full knot, not just the final loop.
• Have Scouts tie it several times without help.

Requirement 7b: Figure Eight Follow-Through

What You Need To Do

Tie a figure eight follow-through. Give one example of how this knot is used in climbing, belaying, or rappelling.

Helpful Tips

• Start by tying a loose figure eight near the end of the rope.
• Leave enough rope for the follow-through.
• Pass the rope end through the attachment point.
• Follow the original figure eight back through the knot.
• Keep each strand beside the matching strand.
• Avoid crossed or twisted sections.
• Pull each part of the knot tight.
• Dress the knot neatly before use.
• This knot is commonly used to connect a climber to the rope.
• Use the attachment method required by the climbing instructor.

Resources

• How To Tie a Figure 8 Knot for Climbing – Everything You Need To Know (video)

Leader Tips

• Use a large rope for the first demonstration.
• Have Scouts trace the rope path with a finger.
• Check for crossed strands and short tails.
• Have Scouts practice tying in from start to finish.

Requirement 7c: Water Knot

What You Need To Do

Tie a water knot. Give one example of how this knot is used with climbing or rappelling equipment.

Helpful Tips

• A water knot joins the ends of flat webbing.
• Start by tying a loose overhand knot in one end.
• Pass the second end back through the first knot.
• Follow the same path in the opposite direction.
• Keep the webbing flat as it passes through the knot.
• Avoid twists inside the knot.
• Pull both ends to tighten the knot.
• Leave enough tail on both sides.
• Check the tails before each use.
• A water knot may be used to form a loop of webbing when approved for the climbing system.

Resources

Rock Climbing: How To Tie a Water Knot (video)

Leader Tips

• Use wide webbing so Scouts can see the rope path.
• Check for twists before the knot is tightened.
• Have Scouts inspect both tails.
• Use retired practice webbing when available.

Requirement 7d: Double Fisherman’s Knot

What You Need To Do

Tie a double fisherman’s knot, also called a grapevine knot. Give one example of how it is used in climbing, belaying, or rappelling.

Helpful Tips

• Place the two rope ends beside each other.
• Wrap one end twice around the other rope.
• Pass the end back through both wraps.
• Repeat the same steps with the other rope end.
• Pull each knot tight.
• Pull the standing parts so the two knots slide together.
• Keep the wraps neat and side by side.
• Check both sides of the finished knot.
• This knot can join two rope ends.
• It is often used to make a closed cord loop for a Prusik hitch.

Resources

• How To Tie a Double Fisherman’s Knot (Grapevine Knot) (video)
• Rock Climbing: How To Tie a Double Fisherman’s Knot (video)

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate one half of the knot at a time.
• Have Scouts tighten each side before joining them.
• Check for the correct number of wraps.
• Let Scouts use the finished loop for Requirement 7e.

Requirement 7e: Prusik Hitch

What You Need To Do

Tie a Prusik hitch around a rope. Give one example of how the hitch is used in climbing or rappelling.

Helpful Tips

• Use a closed loop of smaller cord around a larger rope.
• Pass the loop around the main rope.
• Feed the loop through itself.
• Repeat the wrap as directed by the instructor.
• Keep the wraps neat and beside each other.
• Pull on the loop to tighten the hitch.
• The hitch should grip the rope when loaded.
• The hitch should slide when the load is removed.
• A Prusik hitch can provide friction on a rope.
• It may be used in approved backup, rescue, or rope-climbing systems.
• Use the cord size and number of wraps required by the climbing instructor.

Resources

Rock Climbing: How To Tie a Prusik Knot (video)

Leader Tips

• Let Scouts practice on a fixed rope at a safe height.
• Check the wraps before any load is applied.
• Show the difference between a loaded and unloaded hitch.
• Keep practice focused on approved climbing uses.

Requirement 8a: Climbing Harness

What You Need To Do

Describe the purpose of a commercially made climbing harness. Put it on correctly and adjust it for a secure fit.

Helpful Tips

• A climbing harness connects you to the rope system.
• Use a harness made and rated for climbing.
• Check the harness for damage before putting it on.
• Loosen the straps before stepping into the harness.
• Step through the leg loops one leg at a time.
• Pull the waist belt above your hips.
• Fasten the waist buckle as directed by the maker.
• Tighten the waist belt so it cannot slide over your hips.
• Adjust the leg loops for a snug and comfortable fit.
• Check all buckles and straps before climbing.
• Keep clothing from bunching under the harness.
• Follow the maker’s instructions for the specific harness.

Resources

• How to Choose a Climbing Harness (video)
• How To Put On a Climbing Harness (video)

Leader Tips

• Use several harness sizes when possible.
• Let Scouts practice putting on and adjusting the harness.
• Check the fit before any Scout enters the climbing area.
• Have Scouts perform a partner check before use.

Requirement 8b: Climbing Helmet

What You Need To Do

Describe the purpose of a climbing helmet. Put it on correctly and adjust it so it stays secure.

Helpful Tips

• A climbing helmet helps protect your head from impact.
• It can reduce injury from falling rocks or dropped equipment.
• It can also help protect your head during a fall.
• Use a helmet made and rated for climbing.
• Check the shell, straps, and adjustment system for damage.
• Place the helmet level on your head.
• Do not wear it pushed far back.
• Adjust the fit so the helmet does not slide around.
• Fasten the chin strap securely.
• Make sure the straps do not cover your ears.
• Check the fit before entering the climbing area.
• Replace a helmet after serious impact or when required by the maker.

Resources

• How To Choose Climbing Helmets (video)

Leader Tips

• Show Scouts how a correct and poor fit look.
• Let Scouts adjust their own helmets before the final check.
• Include helmets in every partner safety check.
• Keep damaged helmets out of service.

Requirement 8c: Climbing or Rappelling Gloves

What You Need To Do

Describe the purpose of climbing or rappelling gloves. Put them on correctly and check the fit before use.

Helpful Tips

• Gloves can help protect hands while handling rope.
• They can reduce friction burns during some rappelling activities.
• Gloves must fit closely enough for good control.
• Loose gloves can make rope handling harder.
• Fingers should reach near the ends of the glove fingers.
• Check gloves for holes, tears, and worn areas.
• Keep gloves dry and free of dirt when possible.
• Use gloves suited to the activity.
• Gloves do not replace proper rope-handling skills.
• Follow the directions of the climbing instructor.
• Remove gloves when they interfere with safe equipment use.

Resources

• Things You Should Know Before Choosing Gloves for Climbing (website)

Leader Tips

• Provide several glove sizes when possible.
• Have Scouts test movement and grip before use.
• Watch for loose gloves or damaged material.
• Follow the glove rules used by the climbing program.

Requirement 9: The CHECK System

What You Need To Do

Identify the five parts of the CHECK system. Describe how each part helps make climbing and rappelling safer.

Helpful Tips

• C stands for Communication.
• Use clear commands between climbers, belayers, rappellers, and spotters.
• H stands for Hardware.
• Check ropes, carabiners, harnesses, helmets, and other gear for damage.
• E stands for Equipment.
• Use the correct equipment for the activity and climbing system.
• C stands for Check.
• Check knots, buckles, carabiners, belay systems, and other safety points before starting.
• K stands for Knowledge.
• Use proper skills, safety rules, commands, and procedures.
• Complete the CHECK system before climbing or rappelling.
• Stop and fix any problem found during the check.

Resources

• Climbing Partner Checks—Check or Deck (video)

Leader Tips

• Use actual climbing gear while reviewing each part of CHECK.
• Have Scouts perform the check with a partner.
• Give Scouts simple safety problems to find and correct.
• Use the CHECK system before every climbing and rappelling activity.

Requirement 10a: Why Belaying Is Important

What You Need To Do

Describe how belaying protects climbers and rappellers. Include when a belay system is needed.

Helpful Tips

• A belayer controls the rope used to protect a climber or rappeller.
• The rope system can stop or limit a fall.
• Belaying is needed when a fall could cause injury.
• Climbers above the ground usually need a belay system.
• Rappellers may use a belay system as added protection.
• The belayer must stay focused on the climber or rappeller.
• A belay device adds friction to help control the rope.
• The belayer must use the correct hand position at all times.
• Clear verbal signals help both partners work together.
• The belay system must be checked before the activity begins.
• Follow the system and methods used by the climbing instructor.

Resources

• How To Top-Rope Belay (video)

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate how the rope moves through the belay system.
• Show how poor attention can create a safety problem.
• Practice commands before Scouts begin belaying.
• Keep trained climbing staff involved during all belay activities.

Requirement 10b: Belay Three Climbers

What You Need To Do

Belay three different climbers on three different routes. Use proper equipment, commands, and rope control each time.

Helpful Tips

• Check your harness before starting.
• Check the climber’s harness and tie-in point.
• Check the belay device and carabiner.
• Use the CHECK system before each climb.
• Follow the required verbal commands.
• Keep your brake hand in the correct position.
• Take in rope as the climber moves upward.
• Give slack only when needed.
• Stay focused on the climber during the full route.
• Keep a stable stance while belaying.
• Lower the climber only when the system is ready.
• Complete all three climbs under proper supervision.

Leader Tips

• Use routes suited to the Scouts and climbing site.
• Watch rope control and brake-hand position closely.
• Give feedback after each climb.
• Require a new safety check before every route.

Requirement 10c: Backup Belayer for Climbers

What You Need To Do

Serve as the backup belayer on three different climbs. Help protect the rope system while the main belayer works.

Helpful Tips

• Stand in the position directed by the climbing instructor.
• Hold the brake side of the rope behind the main belayer.
• Keep enough space for the main belayer to work.
• Stay focused on the rope throughout the climb.
• Keep the rope under control without pulling against the main belayer.
• Follow the main belayer’s movements.
• Be ready to control the rope if the main belayer loses the brake strand.
• Keep hands away from the belay device.
• Do not distract the main belayer.
• Follow all verbal commands used by the climbing team.
• Complete three climbs as a backup belayer.

Resources

• How To Back Up a Beginner’s Belay (video)

Leader Tips

• Show the correct position before Scouts begin.
• Watch for too much distance between the two belayers.
• Keep backup belayers focused on the brake rope.
• Rotate roles so Scouts practice with different partners.

Requirement 10d: Belay Three Rappellers

What You Need To Do

Belay three different rappellers on three different routes. Use the belay method required by the climbing program.

Helpful Tips

• Check all equipment before each rappel.
• Confirm the rappeller is connected to the correct system.
• Use the verbal commands required by the site.
• Stay in the position assigned by the instructor.
• Keep the rope under control during the full descent.
• Watch the rappeller at all times when possible.
• Be ready to stop or control the rope.
• Keep a stable stance.
• Watch for loose rocks and other hazards.
• Keep the landing area clear.
• Continue the belay until the rappeller is safely off the system.
• Complete three different rappel routes under proper supervision.

Leader Tips

• Review the belay method before each route.
• Position Scouts where they can work without falling objects above them.
• Watch rope control throughout the descent.
• Complete a full system check before each rappel.

Requirement 10e: Backup Belayer for Rappellers

What You Need To Do

Serve as the backup belayer on three different rappels. Support the main belayer and help keep control of the rope.

Helpful Tips

• Stand where the climbing instructor directs you.
• Hold the brake rope behind the main belayer.
• Keep the rope ready without interfering with the main belayer.
• Stay focused during the full rappel.
• Watch the main belayer’s hand movements.
• Be ready to control the rope when needed.
• Keep your hands away from moving hardware.
• Do not step on the rope.
• Listen for commands from the rappeller and main belayer.
• Keep the rappel area free of distractions.
• Stay in position until the rappeller is safely finished.
• Complete three rappels as a backup belayer.

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate the backup position before the first rappel.
• Check hand placement and spacing between belayers.
• Keep Scouts focused until the rappeller is fully clear.
• Rotate roles so Scouts practice the full team system.

Requirement 11a: Tying Into the Rope

What You Need To Do

Show the correct way to tie the belay rope directly to your harness. Use the required knot and the correct tie-in points.

Helpful Tips

• Use the climbing rope selected for the climbing system.
• Tie a figure eight near the end of the rope.
• Leave enough rope to complete the follow-through.
• Pass the rope through the correct harness tie-in points.
• Do not tie into a gear loop.
• Follow the original figure eight with the rope end.
• Keep the strands neat and beside each other.
• Pull each part of the knot tight.
• Leave the proper amount of tail.
• Check the knot before climbing.
• Have your partner check the knot and harness.
• Follow the method required by the climbing instructor.

Resources

• How To Tie Into a Climbing Harness (With a Figure 8 Knot) (video)

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate the full tie-in process slowly.
• Use a partner check before every climb.
• Watch for gear-loop tie-ins and poorly dressed knots.
• Have Scouts repeat the full skill without help.

Requirement 11b: Climb Three Routes

What You Need To Do

Climb at least three different routes on a rock face or climbing wall. Use good climbing technique and clear verbal signals with your belayer.

Helpful Tips

• Complete the safety check before each route.
• Use the required commands before leaving the ground.
• Keep your body balanced over your feet.
• Use your legs to push upward when possible.
• Keep your arms relaxed instead of pulling with them all the time.
• Look ahead for the next useful handhold and foothold.
• Place your feet carefully on each hold.
• Move in a controlled way.
• Rest when a safe position allows it.
• Use clear commands when you need slack or tension.
• Tell the belayer before starting a difficult move.
• Stay focused until you are safely back on the ground.
• Complete three different routes under proper supervision.

Leader Tips

• Choose three routes suited to each Scout’s ability.
• Give short feedback after each route.
• Focus on balance, foot placement, and clear commands.
• Require a new safety check before every climb.

Requirement 12a: Tying Into the Belay Rope

What You Need To Do

Show the correct way to tie the belay rope directly to your harness. Use the proper knot and the correct harness tie-in points.

Helpful Tips

• Use the climbing rope selected for the system.
• Tie a figure eight near the end of the rope.
• Leave enough rope for the follow-through.
• Pass the rope through the correct harness tie-in points.
• Do not tie into a gear loop.
• Follow the original figure eight with the rope end.
• Keep the strands neat and side by side.
• Pull each part of the knot tight.
• Leave the proper amount of tail.
• Check the knot before rappelling.
• Have a partner check the harness and knot.
• Follow the method required by the climbing instructor.

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate the tie-in process slowly.
• Use a partner check before every rappel.
• Watch for incorrect tie-in points and poorly dressed knots.
• Have Scouts repeat the full skill without help.

Requirement 12b: Attaching the Rappel Device

What You Need To Do

Use a carabiner and rappel device to connect the rappel rope to your harness. Set up the system correctly and check it before use.

Helpful Tips

• Use the rappel device selected for the system.
• Check the device and carabiner for damage.
• Thread the rope through the rappel device as directed.
• Attach the device to the correct point on the harness.
• Use a locking carabiner.
• Make sure the carabiner is properly closed and locked.
• Check the direction of the rappel device.
• Keep loose clothing and hair away from the device.
• Check the rope path before putting weight on the system.
• Test the system in a safe position.
• Complete a partner check before starting.
• Follow the setup required by the climbing instructor.

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate the setup with the exact equipment being used.
• Let Scouts trace the rope path before loading the system.
• Check carabiner position and locking method.
• Require a full safety check before every rappel.

Requirement 12c: Rappel Three Routes

What You Need To Do

Rappel down three different rock faces or wall routes. Use clear verbal signals and good rappelling technique each time.

Helpful Tips

• Complete the safety check before each rappel.
• Use the required verbal commands before starting.
• Keep the brake hand in the correct position.
• Lean back into the harness as directed.
• Keep your feet placed firmly against the wall or rock.
• Keep your body balanced during the descent.
• Take small, controlled steps.
• Control your speed with the rappel system.
• Do not jump or bounce down the route.
• Watch for loose rock and other hazards.
• Stop when a command is unclear.
• Stay on the system until you reach a safe area.
• Use the proper command when you are off rappel.
• Complete three different routes under proper supervision.

Resources

• Rock Climbing: How to Rappel (video)

Leader Tips

• Choose routes suited to each Scout’s ability.
• Give short feedback after each descent.
• Watch brake-hand position and speed control closely.
• Require a new safety check before every rappel.

Requirement 13: Storing Climbing Gear

What You Need To Do

Show proper ways to store rope, hardware, and other climbing gear. Keep equipment clean, dry, organized, and protected from damage.

Helpful Tips

• Clean dirt and debris from gear before storage.
• Let wet rope and other gear dry fully before putting them away.
• Store equipment in a cool, dry place.
• Keep gear away from direct sunlight and extreme heat.
• Keep ropes away from chemicals, fuel, bleach, and battery acid.
• Coil ropes properly or store them in a rope bag.
• Avoid sharp bends, twists, and kinks in rope.
• Store carabiners and other hardware where they will stay clean and dry.
• Keep different types of gear organized so items are easy to inspect.
• Check all equipment for wear or damage before storage.
• Remove damaged gear from service.
• Follow the manufacturer’s storage directions for each item.

Leader Tips

• Have Scouts help clean, inspect, and store gear after the activity.
• Use labeled storage areas for ropes, hardware, helmets, and harnesses.
• Point out storage conditions that can damage equipment.
• Make gear care part of the normal end-of-activity routine.

COPE (Challenging Outdoor Personal Experience) Program Feature for Scouts BSA

The COPE Troop Program Feature is highly relevant to the Climbing merit badge, as it emphasizes the importance of developing teamwork, leadership, problem-solving, and communication skills, all of which are critical for successful climbing and rappelling activities. The COPE program also promotes the principle of “challenge by choice,” which encourages Scouts to push themselves beyond their comfort zones and develop self-esteem by facing challenges individually and as a member of a team.

Additionally, the program provides training on spotting, which is an essential safety skill for belaying and climbing. Overall, the COPE Troop Program Feature can help Scouts develop the skills and confidence they need to succeed while working on the Climbing merit badge and other outdoor activities, while promoting safety, teamwork, and personal growth.

National Outdoor Awards – Adventure Segment

The Climbing merit badge may be used to fulfill the requirements for this award. For Scouts or Venturers who want to challenge themselves further and be recognized for their outdoor accomplishments, the National Outdoor Award Adventure Segment is a great option. To earn this award, participants must complete a challenging high-adventure activity such as backpacking, paddling, sailing, or climbing. Additionally, participants must complete 10 adventure activities under the auspices of the Boy Scouts of America, such as a backpacking trip lasting three or more days and covering more than 20 miles without food resupply, or a climbing activity on open rock that includes camping overnight.

The National Outdoor Award recognizes those who go beyond the basic requirements of the Climbing merit badge, encouraging participants to challenge themselves and push their limits in outdoor activities. The award provides a great incentive for Scouts and Venturers to explore and experience the outdoors in new and exciting ways.

More Merit Badge Resources

The Climbing Merit Badge adds a hands-on outdoor challenge to the wide list of badges Scouts can try. It teaches basic climbing skills, safety, and trust in equipment. In a program with many choices, this badge stands out because it is active and skill based. It gives Scouts a chance to try something new while learning careful technique.

The badge fits well in the overall merit badge program because it encourages steady progress and clear practice. Scouts follow steps, learn safety rules, and build confidence as they climb. It shows how the program blends adventure with personal growth.

Learn More about Scouts BSA

The Climbing Merit Badge also supports the larger goals of Scouts BSA. It builds fitness, balance, and strength. Scouts learn to stay calm, think ahead, and move with care, which supports personal development and leadership.

The badge also teaches responsibility. Scouts rely on partners, listen to instructions, and use equipment safely. These habits connect to citizenship and the program’s focus on respect and good choices.

What is the Climbing merit badge?

The Climbing merit badge is for Scouts who want to learn about climbing. You will learn about different types of climbing, safety equipment, and climbing techniques. You will also learn about the importance of teamwork and communication when climbing.

How do I earn the Climbing merit badge?

You must complete requirements which cover a variety of topics, including safety, climbing techniques, knots and ropework, and environmental awareness.

Do I need any special equipment to earn the Climbing merit badge?

No, you do not need any special equipment to earn the Climbing merit badge. Usually, the location where you are climbing will provide the equipment.

Where can I learn more about the Climbing merit badge?

Talk to your Scoutmaster, a Climbing merit badge counselor, or a qualified climbing instructor.

Is it safe to climb for the Climbing merit badge?

Climbing can be a safe activity if you follow the proper safety procedures. It is important to learn about climbing safety and to use the correct equipment. You should always climb with a qualified climbing partner.

How can I stay safe when climbing for the Climbing merit badge?

The best way to stay safe when climbing is to follow the CHECK system. The CHECK system is a safety system that stands for:

• Communication: Communicate with your climbing partner at all times.
• Hardware: Make sure your climbing equipment is in good condition.
• Equipment: Use the correct equipment for the type of climbing you are doing.
• Check: Check your equipment regularly to make sure it is safe.
• Knowledge: Learn about climbing safety and follow the rules.

By following the CHECK system, you can help to ensure your safety when climbing for the Climbing merit badge.

The Climbing merit badge is for Scouts who are interested in learning about the exciting world of climbing. This badge isn’t just about scaling rocks; it’s about learning valuable life skills like teamwork, problem-solving, and risk management. You’ll discover different types of climbing, from the challenging heights of lead climbing to the creative movement of bouldering.

Safety is paramount in climbing, and the Climbing merit badge emphasizes this. You’ll learn about essential safety equipment like ropes, harnesses, and helmets. You’ll also learn how to use the CHECK system, a crucial safety guideline that helps you stay safe on the wall. This system reminds you to communicate with your climbing partner, check your equipment thoroughly, and use the right gear for the job.

Earning the Climbing merit badge isn’t just about physical strength. It’s about developing mental fortitude, learning to trust your instincts, and overcoming challenges. You’ll learn about knot-tying techniques, understand the importance of environmental awareness, and develop a deeper appreciation for the natural world.

So, if you’re looking for a challenging and rewarding adventure, consider tackling the Climbing merit badge. It’s a fantastic opportunity to learn new skills, build confidence, and discover the thrill of reaching new heights.