Lifesaving Merit Badge

The Lifesaving merit badge teaches Scouts how to help others in emergencies. It focuses on water safety and how to rescue people who are in trouble in the water. By earning this badge, Scouts learn important skills that could save someone’s life. These skills are useful not just at pools and lakes, but also in many other situations.

When working on the Lifesaving merit badge, Scouts gain confidence in their abilities. They practice staying calm under pressure and making good decisions. These skills are valuable in emergencies, but they also help Scouts in everyday life. Learning to respond quickly and effectively can make a big difference when someone needs help.

This merit badge also helps Scouts become stronger swimmers. It teaches them how to use their swimming skills to help others. Scouts learn how to approach someone in the water safely and bring them to shore. They also learn techniques to help without putting themselves in danger.

The Lifesaving merit badge is about more than earning an award. It is about helping others and being prepared. The lessons learned can last a lifetime and could make a big impact on someone in need.

Either the Emergency Preparedness merit badge OR the Lifesaving merit badge is required for the rank of Eagle Scout. Scouts who earn both badges may count the second badge as an elective.

Download the Lifesaving Merit Badge Requirements

Lifesaving Merit Badge Workbook / Worksheet

Lifesaving Merit Badge Check Off Sheet

Checklist for All Merit Badges

Help with Answers for Lifesaving Merit Badge Requirements

Find specific helps for some of the Lifesaving merit badge requirements listed below. Some of these resources will just give the answers. Others will provide engaging ways for older Scouts to introduce these concepts to new Scouts.

Understanding Safe Swim Defense for the Lifesaving Merit Badge

Before starting the main parts of the Lifesaving merit badge, Scouts must review Safe Swim Defense with their counselor. Safe Swim Defense is a set of rules that help keep everyone safe during swimming activities. It is a guide for planning, organizing, and supervising swimming to prevent accidents.

Read more about Safe Swim Defense here

Safe Swim Defense has eight parts:

1. Qualified Supervision – A responsible adult must be in charge of the activity. They should know the rules and be trained in water safety.
2. Personal Health Review – Each swimmer should be in good health and able to swim safely.
3. Safe Area – The swimming area must be checked to ensure it is safe. It should be free of hazards like rocks or strong currents.
4. Lifeguards on Duty – There must be trained lifeguards watching swimmers. They need to be ready to act if there is an emergency.
5. Lookout – A lookout watches the entire swimming area and helps the lifeguards spot problems.
6. Ability Groups – Swimmers are grouped by skill level so that everyone stays in areas where they can swim safely.
7. Buddy System – Swimmers pair up with a buddy to watch out for each other. Buddies stay together at all times.
8. Discipline – Everyone follows the rules to make sure the activity is safe and fun.

Understanding these principles is essential for the Lifesaving merit badge. Scouts need to know how to keep a swimming area safe before learning rescue techniques. This step helps prevent emergencies and makes sure everyone knows how to respond if something goes wrong.

Swimming Skills Needed for the Lifesaving Merit Badge

Before you dive into the main requirements of the Lifesaving merit badge, you need to complete two important swimming challenges. These steps make sure you have the strength and skills to perform water rescues safely.

First, you must earn the Swimming merit badge. The Swimming merit badge teaches basic swimming skills, safety, and endurance. By completing it, you will already know how to swim different strokes and stay safe in the water. This is a good foundation for the more advanced skills you will learn in the Lifesaving merit badge.

See Swimming Merit Badge Requirements, Answers, and Resources here

Next, you must swim 400 yards without stopping. During this swim, you will use four strokes:

1. Front Crawl – This stroke is also called freestyle. It is the fastest stroke, using a flutter kick and an alternating arm movement. Rhythmic breathing is key to keep you going.
2. Sidestroke – This stroke uses a scissor kick and an arm pull to move you smoothly through the water. It is a good choice for conserving energy.
3. Breaststroke – This stroke uses a frog kick and sweeping arm motion. It is slower than freestyle but keeps your head above water more often.
4. Elementary Backstroke – This stroke uses a whip kick and simple arm movements. It is slow and relaxing, making it a good recovery stroke.

Each stroke must be swum for 50 yards, and you should use strong, controlled movements. “Good form” means that your technique is correct, so you can swim efficiently without getting tired too quickly. “Rhythmic breathing” means you breathe in a pattern that matches your strokes, helping you stay calm and steady.

These swimming skills are important for the Lifesaving merit badge because they show you are ready for the physical challenges of water rescues. Being a strong swimmer is key to keeping yourself and others safe.

Common Drowning Situations and How to Prevent Them

When working on the Lifesaving merit badge, you learn to recognize common drowning situations and how to avoid them. Drowning happens when someone cannot keep their head above water to breathe. Knowing what to watch for and how to stay safe can save lives.

Here are common situations where drowning can occur:

• Swimming in Unsafe Areas – Swimming in areas with strong currents, deep water, or hidden obstacles is dangerous. Always swim in designated swimming areas where the water is checked for safety.
• Unsafe activities – Activities such as diving in shallow water or running on a slippery pool deck are hazardous. Never participate in unsafe activities.
• Overestimating Swimming Ability – Some people think they can swim farther or longer than they actually can. Fatigue sets in, and they may not make it back to safety. Know your limits and rest when needed. Test swimming ability before an aquatics activity.
• Sudden Illness or Injury – A cramp, medical condition, or injury can make it hard to stay afloat. Always swim with a buddy who can help if something goes wrong. Be aware of any medical issues beforehand.
• Boating Accidents – Falling out of a boat or not wearing a life jacket is a major risk. Always wear a properly fitted life jacket while boating or kayaking.
• Cold Water Shock – Jumping into very cold water can cause your body to react, making it hard to breathe or swim. Avoid swimming in cold water unless you are prepared and trained.
• Supervision Lapses – Children or weak swimmers can drown quickly when they are not watched closely. Always have a responsible adult or lifeguard supervising swimmers.

To prevent these situations, remember the safety principles you learn in the Lifesaving merit badge, like the buddy system, Safe Swim Defense, and using proper equipment. Prevention is key. By being aware of dangers and staying prepared, you can reduce the risk of drowning and keep others safe.

Recognizing Someone Who Needs Help in the Water

For the Lifesaving merit badge, one of the most important skills is identifying when someone in the water is in trouble. Quick recognition can save lives. A person who is struggling in the water might not call out for help or wave their arms. Instead, there are subtle signs to watch for.

Here are some ways to identify someone who needs assistance:

• Vertical Position – A person in distress often stays upright in the water and struggles to keep their head above the surface. They may not move forward or stay in one place.
• Panicked Movements – Watch for flailing arms or someone trying to push down on the water for support. These movements are signs they are struggling to stay afloat.
• Silent Struggle – A drowning person usually cannot call for help because they are focused on trying to breathe. If someone looks distressed but is not shouting, they may need help.
• Head Position – Their head may tilt back, with their mouth just above the water, or they may bob up and down. This is a sign they are trying to get air.
• Floating Face Down – A person lying motionless face down in the water could be unconscious and in immediate danger.
• Unusual Behavior – Someone swimming in circles, waving weakly, or clinging to a floating object may need help.

Understanding these signs is key for the Lifesaving merit badge because it helps you respond quickly. If you notice any of these signs, stay calm and follow the rescue techniques you learn in the badge to assist safely. Always remember to protect yourself while helping others.

The Rescue Order: Reach, Throw, Row, Go

The Lifesaving merit badge teaches the safest ways to rescue someone in the water. The goal is to help the person without putting yourself in danger. The order of rescue methods is: Reach, Throw, Row, Go. Always try the safest method first.

1. Reach – If the person is close enough, use something to reach out to them. This could be a pole, branch, paddle, or even your arm if it’s safe. Brace yourself to avoid being pulled in. This method keeps you out of the water.
2. Throw – If they are too far to reach, throw something that floats. A life jacket, ring buoy, or even a cooler can help them stay afloat until they are pulled to safety. Make sure to aim close enough for them to grab it.
3. Row – If the person is farther out, use a boat to get closer. Approach slowly to avoid capsizing or hitting them. Offer the rescue device and help them into the boat if possible.
4. Go – Swimming out to rescue someone is the last option because it is the most dangerous. Only use this method if you are trained, strong, and have no other choice. Always take a floatation device with you to keep both of you safe.

Learn more about these water rescue techniques here.

This rescue order is a key part of the Lifesaving merit badge because it teaches you how to act safely in emergencies. Following the steps helps you stay in control while giving the person the best chance to reach safety. Never put yourself in unnecessary danger during a rescue.

Adapting Rescue Techniques for Different Situations

In the Lifesaving merit badge, Scouts learn how rescue techniques change based on where the emergency happens and the condition of the person needing help. Every situation is different, so understanding how to adapt can make a rescue safer and more effective.

Here are some examples of how rescues vary:

• Calm Water vs. Moving Water – In calm water like a pool or lake, you can use methods like reach or throw more easily. In moving water, like a river or ocean, you need to account for currents. Always position yourself downstream to avoid being swept away, and use a flotation device to help stay safe.
• Conscious vs. Unconscious Victims – A conscious person can grab a rescue device or follow instructions. If the person is unconscious, you may need to approach them carefully and use a carry, like the head splint, to tow them to safety.
• Close to Shore vs. Far Out – If the person is near the shore, a quick reach or throw might be all that’s needed. If they are far away, you may need to row a boat or swim with a flotation aid to reach them.
• Panicked vs. Calm Victims – A panicked person might grab onto you, putting both of you in danger. In this case, keep a safe distance and offer a flotation device for them to hold onto. Use calming words to help them focus.
• Cold Water – In cold water, hypothermia is a major concern. You need to act quickly and minimize the time the victim spends in the water. Always plan to get them warmed up once they are rescued.

The Lifesaving merit badge emphasizes staying calm, thinking through the situation, and choosing the best method for both your safety and the victim’s. Practice and training will help you make good decisions in emergencies.

When In-Water Rescues Should Not Be Attempted

The Lifesaving merit badge teaches that in-water rescues are a last resort because they are the most dangerous. Certain situations make it unsafe to enter the water, even if someone needs help. In these cases, it’s better to use other rescue methods or wait for professional help.

Here are situations where in-water rescues should not be attempted:

• Strong Currents or Waves – If the water is moving too fast, such as in a river or during rough ocean conditions, you risk being swept away or pulled under. Use methods like reach, throw, or row instead.
• Dangerous Weather – Lightning, heavy rain, or high winds make it unsafe to enter the water. Always prioritize your safety during storms and wait for conditions to improve if possible.
• Hazards in the Water – If there are obstacles like rocks, debris, or ice, entering the water could result in injury. Stay out and focus on using a flotation device or other rescue tools.
• Contaminated Water – Polluted or toxic water, such as in industrial areas or floodwaters, can pose serious health risks. Avoid entering and look for safer ways to help.
• Victim Is Too Dangerous to Approach – A panicked or aggressive victim can grab onto a rescuer, putting both at risk. Use a flotation device or talk to the person from a safe distance to calm them before attempting further action.

The Lifesaving merit badge stresses the importance of your own safety during a rescue. If the situation is too dangerous for you to safely assist, it’s better to call for help and use rescue tools from the shore. Remember, rescuers cannot help others if they become victims themselves.

How to Perform “Reaching” Rescues for the Lifesaving Merit Badge

Reaching rescues are often the safest and easiest way to help someone in the water. For the Lifesaving merit badge, Scouts practice using different items to pull someone to safety without entering the water. This method keeps you out of danger while still helping the person in need.

Here are some common items you can use for reaching rescues and tips for using them effectively:

• Your Arm or Leg – If the person is very close, lie flat on the ground or dock to avoid being pulled in, and extend your arm or leg for them to grab. Be cautious about your balance.
• Towels or Shirts – These can extend your reach. Roll or bunch the fabric to make it easier to hold, and brace yourself as the person grabs it.
• Paddles or Poles – Long and sturdy items like paddles, poles, or even broomsticks are excellent for reaching farther distances. Make sure the person can grab it securely. Avoid sharp or splintered poles that could cause injury.
• Rescue Buoys or Life Rings – Designed for rescues, these floating items can help the person stay above water. Toss it near them, then pull them in using the attached rope if available.
• Branches or Sticks – If you are near trees, a long branch can work well. Make sure it’s strong enough to support the person’s weight without breaking.

Best Options for Reaching Rescues

• Paddles, Poles, and Rescue Buoys are usually the best because they provide extra reach and are easy to handle.
• Towels and Shirts work well if you don’t have a longer tool available.
• Your Arm or Leg should only be used if the person is very close, and you can do it safely.

The Lifesaving merit badge emphasizes using the safest method first, and reaching rescues are a great way to help while keeping yourself out of the water. Practice using these items to build confidence and understand which tools work best in different situations.

How to Perform “Throwing” Rescues for the Lifesaving Merit Badge

Throwing rescues are another safe way to help someone in the water without entering it yourself. For the Lifesaving merit badge, Scouts learn to use items that float or have a rope attached to bring someone closer to shore. Throwing rescues are useful when the person is too far away to reach.

Here’s how to use common throwing rescue tools and tips for making an accurate throw:

1. Line (Rope) – A rope with a knot or float on one end can be thrown to the person. Hold one end of the rope securely and toss the other end near the victim. Pull them in slowly, keeping tension on the rope.
2. Ring Buoy – A ring buoy is a circular flotation device often found near swimming areas. Hold the rope attached to the buoy and throw the ring so it lands just beyond the person. This makes it easier for them to grab. Pull them in once they secure the buoy.
3. Rescue Bag – A rescue bag is a bag filled with coiled rope, often used by lifeguards. Hold one end of the rope and throw the bag toward the person. As the rope uncoils, it provides a lifeline for the victim to hold onto.
4. Free-Floating Support – If no rope is available, you can throw anything that floats, like a life jacket, cooler, or kickboard. Aim close enough for the person to grab it and stay afloat until help arrives.

Tips for Success

• Aim Carefully – Throw just beyond the victim, so they can easily grab the aid without it drifting out of reach. Do not hit the victim in the head, which could cause injury.
• Communicate – Call out to the person, encouraging them to grab the rescue aid and hold on tightly.
• Practice Accuracy – Tossing a line or buoy takes skill. Practice with different items to improve your ability to get it within reach of a victim 25 feet away.
• Don’t Give Up – If you miss, try again by pulling the item back in (if it is attached to a line) or by throwing another item.

Throwing rescues are a key part of the Lifesaving merit badge because they allow you to help someone from a safe distance. Knowing how to use these tools effectively can save lives and keep you out of harm’s way.

Learning About Rowing Rescues for the Lifesaving Merit Badge

Rowing rescues involve using a small boat, like a rowboat, canoe, kayak, or paddleboard, to approach and help someone in the water. For the Lifesaving merit badge, Scouts must watch a rowing rescue in person or on video, then discuss how well it was performed. This requirement helps Scouts understand how to use a boat for a safe and effective rescue.

Here are the key steps to a rowing rescue:

1. Approaching the Victim – The rescuer rows toward the person in the water, keeping a safe distance to avoid being capsized if the person panics. They stop within reach of the victim but remain stable.
2. Providing a Rescue Aid – The rescuer gives the person a flotation aid, like a life jacket or paddle, or offers the boat itself to hold onto. The rescuer should avoid direct contact to stay safe.
3. Helping the Victim Aboard – If it’s safe, the rescuer may help the person climb into the boat. They must be careful to balance the boat and keep it from tipping.
4. Returning to Safety – Once the victim is secure, the rescuer rows back to shore or a safe area, keeping calm and steady.

Key Points to Discuss with Your Counselor

• Efficiency – Was the rescuer quick and controlled in getting to the victim? Were they able to stay balanced and avoid wasting time?
• Effectiveness – Did the rescuer provide clear instructions? Was the victim able to grab the rescue aid easily?
• Safety – Did the rescuer keep themselves safe while helping the victim? Did they avoid putting the boat or equipment in danger?

Understanding rowing rescues is an important part of the Lifesaving merit badge because it adds another tool to your rescue skills. Boats can be very effective for helping someone who is far from shore while keeping you out of the water. Watching and analyzing a rescue helps you see how these skills work in real life.

Items to Use in a “Go” Rescue for the Lifesaving Merit Badge

In a “go” rescue, you enter the water to help someone in distress. This is the most dangerous type of rescue, so it should only be done as a last resort. For the Lifesaving merit badge, Scouts learn that using rescue aids can make “go” rescues safer and more effective.

Here are some items that can be used as aids in a “go” rescue:

• Rescue Buoy – A professional tool used by lifeguards. It is buoyant, easy to grip, and helps support the victim and rescuer.
• Life Jacket – A personal flotation device (PFD) that can be handed to the victim to keep them afloat.
• Kickboard – A flat, buoyant board often used in swim practice. It provides good flotation for the victim.
• Ring Buoy – A circular flotation device with handles, making it easy for the victim to hold onto.
• Inner Tube or Pool Float – These are buoyant and can provide support, though they may not be as durable as other aids.
• Cooler – A sealed, buoyant cooler can be used as an emergency flotation device.
• Rescue Tube – A soft, flexible flotation device often used in water parks or pools.

Why Buoyant Aids Are Preferred

Buoyant aids are preferred because they help the person stay afloat with less effort. They also create a barrier between the rescuer and the victim, which is important if the person panics and tries to grab onto the rescuer. This reduces the risk of the rescuer being pulled underwater. Using a flotation aid makes the rescue safer for both the rescuer and the victim.

The Lifesaving merit badge teaches that safety is always the top priority. Having the right rescue aid and knowing how to use it can make “go” rescues less risky and more successful.

How to Perform a Buoyant-Aid Rescue for the Lifesaving Merit Badge

One of the key skills for the Lifesaving merit badge is rescuing a conscious person in deep water using a buoyant aid. This involves safely entering the water, swimming to the person with a flotation device, and guiding them back to shore while keeping yourself safe.

Here are the steps to correctly perform this type of rescue:

1. Proper Entry – Enter the water in a controlled and safe manner. If the shore is high, use a stride jump or compact jump to minimize splashing and keep your eyes on the victim. If the water is shallow near shore, wade in until it is deep enough to swim.
2. Strong Approach Stroke – Swim quickly and efficiently toward the person using a powerful stroke like the front crawl or breaststroke. Bring the buoyant aid with you and hold onto it securely.
3. Communicate with the Subject – As you get closer, call out to the person to assess their condition and provide reassurance. Say something like, “I’m here to help! Grab onto this and hold on tight!” This calms the person and helps them cooperate.
4. Provide the Buoyant Aid – Stop a safe distance from the person to avoid being grabbed in a panic. Extend the buoyant aid, such as a rescue buoy or kickboard, for them to grab onto. Keep holding the aid to stay in control.
5. Tow the Subject to Safety – Once they are holding onto the buoyant aid, use a strong swimming stroke, like the sidestroke or backstroke, to tow them back to shore. Keep your movements steady to avoid tiring yourself or the subject.

Practice this skill with your counselor to build confidence and learn how to adapt to different situations. Being prepared with proper techniques and equipment is key to performing an effective rescue.

Removing Heavy Clothing and Using Nonbuoyant Aids in Rescues

For the Lifesaving merit badge, Scouts learn how clothing can affect a swimming rescue. Heavy clothing can make it harder to swim, slow you down, and cause exhaustion. Knowing when to remove unnecessary clothing before a rescue is important for staying safe and effective.

When to Remove Heavy Clothing

1. Remove Heavy Clothes – If you are wearing jeans, jackets, or boots, remove them before entering the water. These items absorb water and weigh you down. Removing them gives you more mobility and reduces fatigue.
2. Keep Light Clothes On – If the clothing is lightweight and does not restrict movement, you may keep it on for protection from the sun or cold.

Removing street clothes in 20 seconds or less requires practice. Start by unfastening buttons or zippers, then pull off layers quickly. Work with your counselor to learn efficient techniques.

Performing the Rescue

1. Enter the Water – After removing heavy clothing, enter the water using a safe technique like a stride or compact jump. Hold your nonbuoyant aid, such as a shirt or towel, as you enter.
2. Approach the Subject – Swim toward the person with a strong stroke, keeping the nonbuoyant aid ready. Speak to them as you get closer to assess their condition and provide instructions. Say something like, “Hold on to this, and I’ll help you to shore!”
3. Use the Nonbuoyant Aid – Extend the shirt, towel, or other aid to the person. It gives them something to grip while keeping a safe distance between you and the subject. This helps avoid being grabbed in a panic.
4. Tow the Subject to Safety – Use a sidestroke or backstroke to pull the person to shore. Keep the movements smooth and steady.

Why Nonbuoyant Aids Are Useful

Nonbuoyant aids don’t float but provide a safe way for the person to grab onto something. They are helpful when you don’t have access to flotation devices. This skill builds resourcefulness, which is a key part of the Lifesaving merit badge.

Practicing this requirement prepares you for real-life situations, showing you how to think quickly and adapt when equipment is limited.

Avoiding Contact and Using Lead-and-Wait Techniques in Rescues

The Lifesaving merit badge teaches that avoiding direct contact with an active person in the water is critical for your safety. A panicked person may grab onto you and pull you under, which puts both of you at risk. Instead, use techniques that keep you at a safe distance while still helping the person.

Why Avoiding Contact Is Important

• Panicked Behavior – When someone is struggling in the water, they may act out of fear and try to grab anything nearby, including the rescuer. This can lead to dangerous situations.
• Self-Preservation – By keeping a safe distance, you protect yourself from being pulled under or injured. A rescuer who becomes a victim cannot help others.

The Lead-and-Wait Technique

The lead-and-wait technique is used to help a panicked person without direct contact. It involves guiding the subject toward safety by encouraging them to follow a rescue aid. Here’s how it works:

1. Approach Safely – Swim toward the subject with a buoyant or nonbuoyant aid, staying at a safe distance. Speak calmly to reassure them. For example, say, “I’m here to help. Follow this to stay safe.”
2. Offer the Aid – Extend the aid (like a rescue buoy, shirt, or towel) for them to grab. Do not let them grab you directly. If they do, use a release technique to break free.
3. Lead to Safety – Once they grab the aid, move away slightly and guide them toward shore or another safe area. Stop if they panic again and wait for them to calm down.
4. Wait as Needed – If the subject lets go or struggles, pause and encourage them to re-grip the aid. Stay calm and patient.

The Lifesaving merit badge teaches this technique to prepare Scouts for real-life rescues. Staying calm, keeping a safe distance, and using the lead-and-wait technique ensures the rescue is safe for everyone involved. Practice this skill to build confidence and learn to handle panicked subjects effectively.

How to Perform an Armpit Tow for the Lifesaving Merit Badge

The armpit tow is a rescue technique used for a calm, responsive swimmer who is too tired to continue swimming but can float on their back. It allows you to guide the person to safety while keeping them comfortable and secure. For the Lifesaving merit badge, Scouts must demonstrate this skill with clear communication and proper technique.

1. Approach the Subject – Begin in the water near the person. Use a strong, controlled swimming stroke to get close. Speak to them as you approach to assess their condition and provide reassurance. Say something like, “You’re doing great. I’ll help you get back to shore.”
2. Position Yourself – Move behind the person while they rest on their back. This position keeps you safe and avoids direct face-to-face contact, which could cause panic.
3. Secure the Armpit Grip – Reach underneath one of their armpits with your arm. Grip firmly but gently to avoid causing discomfort. Keep their body aligned and floating on their back.
4. Use a Strong Tow Stroke – With the swimmer supported by your arm, use a sidestroke or breaststroke to tow them to safety. These strokes let you keep one hand free while maintaining good control of your movements.
5. Encourage and Reassure – Continue speaking to the person to keep them calm and cooperative. Let them know they are safe and close to shore.

The armpit tow works well because it provides support without restricting the swimmer’s ability to float naturally. It is a nonthreatening technique that works best for someone who is calm but too tired to swim.

The Lifesaving merit badge teaches the armpit tow as one of several non-equipment rescue techniques. It is essential to practice this skill to build confidence and ensure you can perform it safely and effectively in a real emergency.

How to Perform a Cross-Chest Carry for the Lifesaving Merit Badge

The cross-chest carry is a rescue technique used for an exhausted but responsive person who is treading water. This method allows you to tow the person to safety while keeping them secure and avoiding unnecessary strain on yourself. The Lifesaving merit badge includes this skill to prepare Scouts for situations where a swimmer is too tired to move but remains conscious and cooperative.

1. Approach the Subject – Swim toward the person using a strong stroke like freestyle or breaststroke. As you get closer, speak to them to assess their condition and offer reassurance. Say something like, “I’m here to help. Stay calm, and I’ll get you to safety.”
2. Position Yourself – Move to the side and slightly behind the person to avoid direct confrontation. This position keeps you safe if the subject starts to panic.
3. Secure the Cross-Chest Grip – Reach your arm across the subject’s chest, with your hand gripping their opposite armpit. Keep your other arm free for swimming. The grip should be firm but comfortable, ensuring the subject feels secure.
4. Use a Strong Towing Stroke – Swim toward shore using a sidestroke. This stroke allows you to keep one arm free and provides good propulsion. Keep your movements smooth to avoid jostling the subject.
5. Provide Encouragement – Continue talking to the person during the tow. Let them know they are safe and getting closer to shore. This helps keep them calm and cooperative.

The cross-chest carry works well because it stabilizes the person and prevents them from slipping under the water. It is designed for subjects who are tired but not panicking, making it a safe option for both rescuer and victim.

The Lifesaving merit badge emphasizes proper technique and communication during rescues. The cross-chest carry is a vital skill to practice because it builds confidence and ensures you are ready to assist someone in need.

Escaping a Victim’s Grasp for the Lifesaving Merit Badge

The Lifesaving merit badge teaches that a panicked person in the water may grab onto you in an attempt to stay afloat. This can be dangerous for both of you. Learning to escape these holds is crucial to keeping yourself safe while helping the victim.

Escaping a Wrist Grasp

1. Assess the Grip – If the victim grabs your wrist, don’t panic. Focus on breaking free so you can maintain control of the rescue.
2. Twist Your Wrist – Rotate your wrist toward the victim’s thumb. This is the weakest part of their grip and makes it easier to pull free.
3. Push Away – Once free, move away from the victim to a safe distance. Reassess and use a rescue aid to continue helping them.

Escaping a Front Hold (Head and Shoulders)

1. Stay Calm – A victim grabbing your head or shoulders may be panicking. Keep your head above water and prepare to free yourself.
2. Submerge Slightly – Take a quick breath and submerge yourself under the water. Most victims will release their grip when you go underwater because they instinctively try to stay afloat.
3. Move Away – Swim to the side and surface a safe distance from the victim. Approach again only when you have a rescue aid or they have calmed down.

Escaping a Rear Hold (Head and Shoulders)

1. Tuck Your Chin – If the victim grabs you from behind, tuck your chin to protect your airway.
2. Submerge and Turn – Take a deep breath, submerge yourself, and twist your body to the side. This breaks their grip and allows you to face them.
3. Back Away – Move to a safe distance, keeping your eyes on the victim to avoid another grab.

The Lifesaving merit badge emphasizes safety for both the rescuer and the victim. Knowing how to escape holds ensures you can stay in control and continue helping the victim without becoming a victim yourself. Practicing these techniques builds confidence and prepares you to handle real-life emergencies.

Rescuing an Unconscious Victim with a Buoyant Aid for the Lifesaving Merit Badge

The Lifesaving merit badge prepares Scouts to handle serious emergencies, including rescuing an unconscious person in the water. This requires careful technique to safely approach, assist, and remove the victim while protecting yourself. A buoyant aid provides extra support, making the rescue safer and more effective.

1. Entry into the Water – Use a safe and controlled entry method, like a stride jump or compact jump, to avoid losing sight of the victim. Bring a buoyant aid, such as a rescue buoy or life jacket, with you.
2. Approach Stroke – Swim toward the victim using a strong stroke like the front crawl or breaststroke. Keep the buoyant aid with you for support.
3. Assess the Victim’s Condition – As you approach, speak to the victim and splash water near their face to check for responsiveness. If there is no reaction, treat them as unconscious.
4. Position the Buoyant Aid – Place the buoyant aid under or around the victim to keep them afloat. If using a rescue buoy, secure it around their chest or under their arms for stability.
5. Tow the Victim to Shore – Use a powerful stroke, such as the sidestroke or backstroke, to tow the victim. Keep their face above water to ensure their airway stays clear.
6. Remove the Victim from the Water – At the shore, get help to lift the victim out of the water. Use proper lifting techniques to avoid injury and keep the victim’s head and neck supported.
7. Position for CPR – Once the victim is out of the water, place them on their back on a flat, firm surface. Check for breathing and pulse, and begin CPR if needed.

Using a buoyant aid, such as a rescue buoy or life jacket, helps keep the victim afloat and makes it easier to tow them to shore. It reduces physical strain on the rescuer and provides stability for the victim, especially if they are unconscious.

The Lifesaving merit badge emphasizes the importance of staying calm, using proper techniques, and protecting both yourself and the victim during a rescue. Practicing this skill ensures you are prepared to respond effectively in real emergencies.

Performing a Front Approach and Wrist Tow for the Lifesaving Merit Badge

The front approach and wrist tow is used to rescue an unconscious person near the surface of the water. This technique helps you safely tow the victim to shore while maintaining control. The Lifesaving merit badge includes this skill to prepare Scouts for situations where the rescuer must act quickly and effectively to save a life.

1. Entry into the Water – Use a safe, controlled entry, such as a stride or compact jump. This keeps you in control and allows you to keep the victim in sight.
2. Approach Stroke – Swim toward the victim using a strong, efficient stroke like the front crawl or breaststroke. Move quickly while conserving energy.
3. Assess the Victim’s Condition – As you get close, speak to the victim and splash water near their face to check for responsiveness. If there is no reaction, assume they are unconscious.
4. Secure a Wrist Grip – From the front, grasp one of the victim’s wrists firmly. This grip gives you control and allows you to keep their head above water during the tow.
5. Tow the Victim – Swim backward toward shore using a strong, steady kick, such as a flutter or whip kick. Pull the victim gently but firmly, ensuring their face stays above water at all times.
6. Remove the Victim from the Water – Once at the shore, seek assistance to lift the victim out of the water. Support their head and neck during the transfer.
7. Position for CPR – Place the victim flat on their back on a stable surface. Check for breathing and pulse, and begin CPR if needed.

The wrist tow allows the rescuer to maintain control of the victim while keeping their airway above water. It’s a simple and direct method, making it effective for moving an unconscious person over short distances.

The Lifesaving merit badge teaches this technique to ensure Scouts are ready to handle emergencies confidently. Practicing the wrist tow builds strength, coordination, and the ability to remain calm under pressure.

Performing a Rear Approach and Armpit Tow for the Lifesaving Merit Badge

The rear approach and armpit tow is a rescue technique used to assist an unconscious person in deep water. This method allows you to support the victim from behind, keeping their airway above water while towing them to safety. The Lifesaving merit badge includes this skill to teach Scouts how to perform rescues safely and effectively.

1. Entry into the Water – Use a stride jump or compact jump to enter the water safely, keeping the victim in view at all times.
2. Approach Stroke – Swim toward the victim with a strong stroke, such as the front crawl or breaststroke. Move quickly but conserve energy for the tow.
3. Assess the Victim’s Condition – As you approach, call out to the victim and splash water near their face to check for responsiveness. If there is no reaction, assume they are unconscious.
4. Position Yourself – Swim behind the victim to avoid direct confrontation and ensure control. This position allows you to keep their head above water.
5. Secure the Armpit Tow – Place one arm under the victim’s armpit and across their chest. Grip firmly but gently to avoid discomfort or slipping. Use your other arm for swimming.
6. Tow the Victim to Shore – Swim using a sidestroke or breaststroke to tow the victim, keeping their face above water. Keep your movements steady and controlled.
7. Remove the Victim from the Water – At the shore, seek help to lift the victim out of the water. Ensure their head and neck are supported during the transfer.
8. Position for CPR – Lay the victim flat on a stable surface. Check for breathing and a pulse, and begin CPR if necessary.

Approaching from the rear prevents the victim from grabbing onto you if they regain consciousness in a panic. The armpit tow provides strong support for the victim while allowing you to tow them efficiently.

The Lifesaving merit badge emphasizes this rescue technique because it prioritizes both the rescuer’s and the victim’s safety. Practice this skill to build confidence and ensure you are prepared to respond in emergencies.

Responding to a Submerged Victim and Practicing Surface Dives for the Lifesaving Merit Badge

In some emergencies, a victim may submerge before a rescuer can reach them. The Lifesaving merit badge teaches Scouts how to handle this situation safely and effectively. Acting quickly is essential, but the rescuer must also stay calm and use proper techniques to recover the victim.

Steps to Respond to a Submerged Victim

1. Assess the Situation – Look for bubbles, ripples, or the last known location of the victim to determine where to search.
2. Enter the Water Safely – Use a safe entry like a compact jump or stride jump to avoid wasting time.
3. Dive to Locate the Victim – Use a feetfirst or headfirst surface dive to reach the victim. Move quickly but carefully, keeping an eye on your surroundings.
4. Recover and Surface – Once you locate the victim, grab them securely and bring them to the surface. Keep their head above water and prepare to tow them to safety.

Performing Surface Dives

Recovering a weight in 8 to 10 feet of water is a way to practice the surface dive techniques needed for real rescues.

Feetfirst Surface Dive

• Swim to the location where the weight is submerged.
• Tread water, then bring your legs together and thrust them downward while keeping your body vertical.
• Extend your arms upward for balance as your body sinks feetfirst toward the bottom.
• Grab the weight, push off the bottom with your feet, and return to the surface.

Headfirst Surface Dive

• Swim to the location of the weight and take a deep breath.
• From a horizontal swimming position, tuck your head down and raise your legs. Your body will naturally tilt downward.
• Extend your arms in front of you as you dive headfirst toward the bottom.
• Grab the weight, then use your arms and legs to push off the bottom and surface.

Responding to a submerged victim is a critical part of the Lifesaving merit badge. Surface dives allow you to reach deeper water quickly and recover objects or victims efficiently. Practicing with a 10-pound weight builds strength and confidence for real-life rescues.

The key is staying calm, knowing the right technique, and being prepared to act safely. These skills can make the difference in an emergency.

Understanding Spinal Injuries for the Lifesaving Merit Badge

A spinal injury happens when the spine, which protects the spinal cord, is damaged. This can affect the brain’s ability to send signals to the rest of the body, leading to serious consequences like paralysis or loss of sensation. The Lifesaving merit badge teaches Scouts to recognize and respond to spinal injuries, especially in water-related situations.

Causes of Spinal Injuries

• Diving into Shallow Water – Head-first dives into water that is too shallow can cause the neck or back to hit the bottom, damaging the spine.
• Collisions – Hitting objects like rocks, boats, or other swimmers can injure the spine.
• Falls – Falling from a height into water or onto hard surfaces can cause spinal injuries.
• High-Impact Activities – Activities like water skiing or tubing can lead to accidents that harm the spine.

Signs of a Spinal Injury

• Pain – The person may complain of severe pain in their neck, back, or head.
• Deformity – The spine might look out of alignment or have a visible injury.
• Paralysis – The person may be unable to move their arms or legs.
• Numbness or Tingling – They might report loss of feeling or a tingling sensation in parts of their body.
• Difficulty Breathing – If the spinal cord is affected, breathing may be labored.

Symptoms of a Spinal Injury

• Shock – The person may look pale, feel faint, or have a weak pulse.
• Inability to Move – Lack of movement below the injury site is a clear symptom.
• Loss of Control – They may lose control of bladder or bowel functions.

The Lifesaving merit badge emphasizes recognizing spinal injuries because quick action can prevent further harm. Moving someone with a spinal injury without proper care can worsen the damage. Scouts learn how to stabilize the victim and get professional help to ensure the best outcome.

Knowing the causes, signs, and symptoms of spinal injuries helps you stay prepared to act responsibly in emergencies.

Managing a Spinal Injury in Calm Water for the Lifesaving Merit Badge

A spinal injury requires careful handling to prevent further harm. The Lifesaving merit badge teaches Scouts how to stabilize and support a victim with a suspected spinal injury in water. This skill is vital to ensure the person’s head, neck, and spine remain aligned until professional help arrives.

1. Approach the Victim Safely – Move slowly and carefully toward the victim, keeping the water calm to avoid unnecessary movement. Speak to the victim to let them know you are there to help, even if they cannot respond.
2. Position Yourself – Stand or kneel in the water beside the victim. Make sure the water is shallow enough for you to maintain control, but deep enough to keep the victim afloat.
3. Stabilize the Head and Neck – Gently place your hands on both sides of the victim’s head. Your hands should cradle the head, with your fingers supporting the neck. This keeps the head, neck, and spine in alignment.
4. Keep the Victim Faceup – Use your body to help stabilize the victim in a faceup position. If needed, adjust your stance to maintain balance while keeping the victim still.
5. Minimize Movement – Avoid unnecessary motion. Even small movements can worsen a spinal injury. Focus on keeping the victim calm and steady until additional help arrives.
6. Wait for Professional Assistance – Once the victim is stabilized, call for emergency medical help if it hasn’t already been done. Do not attempt to move the victim out of the water unless their life is in immediate danger.

The Lifesaving merit badge emphasizes proper spinal injury management to prevent further damage to the spinal cord. Supporting the head, neck, and spine in calm water reduces the risk of complications like paralysis.

Practicing this skill prepares Scouts to respond effectively and confidently in emergencies, ensuring they can provide the care needed while waiting for professionals to take over.

Turning a Facedown Subject to Faceup While Supporting a Spinal Injury

For the Lifesaving merit badge, Scouts learn how to turn a person with a possible spinal injury from a facedown to a faceup position in water. This skill is critical to ensure the victim can breathe while keeping their head, neck, and spine aligned to prevent further harm.

1. Approach with Caution – Move carefully toward the victim to avoid creating waves or unnecessary movement. Reassure them verbally, even if they may not respond, and let them know you are there to help.
2. Position Yourself – Stand or kneel in water shallow enough for you to maintain control but deep enough to allow the victim to float. Position yourself at the side of the victim’s head and shoulders.
3. Stabilize the Head and Neck – Gently place one hand on the back of the victim’s head and the other on their lower back. This ensures control of their body during the turn.
4. Roll the Victim Faceup – Slowly and smoothly roll the victim toward you. As you roll, maintain support for the head, neck, and spine with your hands. Keep their body straight to prevent twisting.
5. Secure the Faceup Position – Once the victim is faceup, reposition your hands to cradle their head. Use your body to stabilize them in the water and keep them aligned.
6. Monitor the Victim – Check that their airway is clear and ensure they are breathing. Avoid unnecessary movement and wait for emergency medical assistance to arrive.

Turning a victim faceup while maintaining spinal support is essential for keeping their airway open and preventing further spinal damage. The Lifesaving merit badge teaches this technique to prepare Scouts to respond to water emergencies involving possible spinal injuries.

Practicing this skill builds confidence and ensures you can manage the situation effectively while protecting the victim’s safety.

Recognizing the Need for Rescue Breathing and CPR for the Lifesaving Merit Badge

Rescue breathing and CPR are life-saving techniques used when someone is not breathing or their heart has stopped. For the Lifesaving merit badge, Scouts learn how to recognize these emergencies and take action. Acting quickly can make the difference between life and death.

Signs That Rescue Breathing Is Needed

Rescue breathing is used when a person is not breathing but still has a pulse. Signs include:

• No Breathing – The person is not inhaling or exhaling, and you cannot feel or hear air movement from their nose or mouth.
• Gasping or Irregular Breathing – The person may be gasping for air or breathing in a weak, irregular way.
• Pulse Is Present – When you check their pulse, you feel a heartbeat, but they are not breathing normally.

Signs That CPR Is Needed

CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) is needed when the person’s heart has stopped or they are not breathing. Signs include:

• No Pulse – When you check the pulse at the wrist or neck, no heartbeat is present.
• No Breathing – The person is not breathing at all.
• Unconsciousness – The person is unresponsive to touch, sound, or other stimuli.

Steps to Check the Victim

• Check Responsiveness – Tap the person’s shoulder and shout, “Are you okay?” If there is no response, prepare to check their breathing and pulse.
• Open the Airway – Tilt the head back slightly and lift the chin to open the airway. This ensures there is no blockage preventing breathing.
• Look, Listen, and Feel – Look for chest movement, listen for breathing sounds, and feel for air on your cheek.
• Check the Pulse – Feel for a pulse at the carotid artery (on the side of the neck) or the wrist.

The Lifesaving merit badge emphasizes recognizing these signs because every second counts in an emergency. Knowing when and how to start rescue breathing or CPR can save a life. Scouts learn to remain calm, assess the situation, and act confidently in emergencies.

Demonstrating CPR and Rescue Breathing Skills for the Lifesaving Merit Badge

For the Lifesaving merit badge, Scouts must learn and demonstrate CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) and rescue breathing under the guidance of a certified instructor. These life-saving techniques help keep oxygen flowing to the brain and heart when someone’s breathing or heartbeat has stopped.

What Is CPR?

CPR is a method of providing chest compressions and rescue breaths to a person whose heart has stopped. It helps circulate oxygen-rich blood to the brain and vital organs until professional help arrives.

Key Terms:

• Rescue Breathing – Giving breaths to a person who is not breathing to deliver oxygen to their lungs.
• Chest Compressions – Pressing on the chest to manually pump blood through the body when the heart has stopped.
• AED (Automated External Defibrillator) – A device that can analyze the heart’s rhythm and deliver a shock to restart it, if needed.

Steps to Perform CPR

1. Check Responsiveness – Tap the person and shout, “Are you okay?” If no response, call for help and send someone to get an AED.
2. Check Breathing and Pulse – Open the airway by tilting the head back and lifting the chin. Look, listen, and feel for breathing. Check for a pulse at the neck or wrist.
3. Begin Chest Compressions – If there is no pulse, kneel beside the victim and place the heel of your hand on the center of their chest. Place your other hand on top and interlock your fingers. Push hard and fast, at least 2 inches deep, at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute.
4. Give Rescue Breaths – After 30 compressions, give 2 rescue breaths. Pinch the nose, seal your mouth over theirs, and blow until you see the chest rise. Repeat cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths.
5. Continue Until Help Arrives – Keep performing CPR until the victim shows signs of life, professional help arrives, or you are too exhausted to continue.

Using a Mannequin for Practice

Practicing CPR on a mannequin allows Scouts to safely learn proper technique. The mannequin simulates a human body, helping you practice:

• The correct hand placement for compressions.
• The depth and speed of chest compressions.
• How to deliver rescue breaths effectively.

The Lifesaving merit badge teaches CPR because it is a critical skill for water-related emergencies. CPR buys time for the victim until professional help arrives. Practicing with a certified instructor ensures Scouts learn these life-saving techniques correctly and confidently.

Common Swimming and Boating Injuries: Causes, Prevention, and Treatment

As part of the Lifesaving merit badge, Scouts learn to recognize and address various injuries and illnesses that can happen during swimming or boating. Knowing how to prevent and treat these issues ensures safety and helps you act confidently in emergencies.

Hypothermia

• Cause: Extended exposure to cold water or wind chills the body, lowering its core temperature.
• Prevention: Wear a wetsuit or drysuit in cold water, limit exposure time, and dry off quickly after leaving the water.
• Treatment: Get the person out of the water, remove wet clothing, and wrap them in warm blankets. Avoid sudden rewarming like hot baths, as it can shock the body.

Dehydration

• Cause: Loss of fluids through sweat, even while swimming. Can happen in hot or sunny conditions.
• Prevention: Drink plenty of water before and during activities, even if you don’t feel thirsty.
• Treatment: Have the person sip water or a sports drink. Avoid caffeinated or sugary drinks.

Heat-Related Illnesses (Heat Exhaustion and Heatstroke)

• Cause: Overheating due to prolonged exposure to sun or heat, often combined with dehydration.
• Prevention: Stay in shaded areas, wear light clothing, and drink fluids. Take breaks to cool off.
• Treatment: Move the person to a cool place, remove excess clothing, and apply cool, wet cloths to the skin. If they show confusion or stop sweating, call 911—it could be heatstroke.

Muscle Cramps

• Cause: Overexertion, dehydration, or sudden temperature changes. Often occurs in legs or feet while swimming.
• Prevention: Stretch and warm up before activity. Stay hydrated and avoid sudden entry into cold water.
• Treatment: Stretch and massage the cramping muscle. In the water, float on your back to rest while working out the cramp.

Sunburn

• Cause: Prolonged exposure to the sun without skin protection.
• Prevention: Apply waterproof sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher, reapply regularly, and wear protective clothing or hats.
• Treatment: Cool the skin with damp cloths, apply aloe vera or a soothing lotion, and stay out of the sun.

Stings

• Cause: Contact with jellyfish, stingrays, or other marine animals.
• Prevention: Avoid swimming in areas with known stinging hazards and watch for warning signs. Shuffle your feet in sandy areas to avoid stingrays.
• Treatment: For jellyfish stings, rinse with vinegar or saltwater. For stingray stings, soak the area in hot water and seek medical help.

Hyperventilation

• Cause: Breathing too quickly or deeply, often during activities like breath-holding games.
• Prevention: Avoid breath-holding competitions and take breaks if you feel short of breath.
• Treatment: Help the person calm their breathing by encouraging slow, deep breaths. If symptoms persist, seek medical attention.

The Lifesaving merit badge emphasizes safety and preparation to reduce risks during water activities. Understanding these common injuries and illnesses helps Scouts prevent problems and respond quickly when they happen.

Swimming Troop Program Feature

The Swimming program feature helps Scouts learn how to safely enjoy fun and physical activity in the water. Scouts also need to know how to swim to enjoy other aquatics activities such as boating and paddling.

Lifesaver Ranger Elective

To complete the Lifesaver elective for the Venturing Ranger award, Venturers must have a BSA Lifeguard certification, take an EMT course, or take a lifeguarding course. They must also put a first aid kit together and teach somebody else to make a kit.

What is the Lifesaving merit badge about?

The Lifesaving merit badge teaches how to respond to water emergencies. Scouts learn rescue techniques, water safety, and how to prevent accidents. It also helps you build confidence in your swimming and lifesaving skills.

Do I need to be a strong swimmer to earn the Lifesaving merit badge?

Yes, you need to be a strong swimmer. You must complete swimming challenges, like swimming 400 yards with four strokes, before starting most requirements.

What equipment do I need for the Lifesaving merit badge?

You will use basic rescue tools like life jackets, rescue buoys, and ropes. Your counselor will provide any special equipment needed for practice.

What is the difference between the Lifesaving merit badge and the Swimming merit badge?

The Swimming merit badge focuses on swimming skills and safety. The Lifesaving merit badge focuses on water rescue techniques and helping others in emergencies.

Do I need to practice CPR for the Lifesaving merit badge?

Yes, you must demonstrate CPR and rescue breathing skills on a mannequin. This is done with a certified CPR instructor.

What are the key rescue methods taught in the Lifesaving merit badge?

You will learn rescue methods like reach, throw, row, and go. These methods teach you how to help others while staying safe yourself.

Why is the Lifesaving merit badge important?

It teaches life-saving skills that can help you respond in emergencies. Knowing how to act in water emergencies can save lives.

Can I earn the Lifesaving merit badge if I don’t have access to a pool or lake?

Most requirements need access to water, but some can be practiced on land or with a counselor’s help. Talk to your counselor about available options.

Is the Lifesaving merit badge required for Eagle Scout?

Either the Emergency Preparedness merit badge OR the Lifesaving merit badge is required for the rank of Eagle Scout. Scouts who earn both badges may count the second badge as an elective.

How do I prepare for the Lifesaving merit badge?

Practice swimming regularly, review the Safe Swim Defense, and learn basic first aid. These will help you succeed with the requirements.

The Lifesaving merit badge is all about water safety and helping others in emergencies. Scouts learn how to recognize dangers, prevent accidents, and act quickly when someone is in trouble. This badge teaches skills that can save lives in pools, lakes, rivers, and oceans.

Scouts practice techniques like reaching rescues, throwing rescues, and swimming to assist someone in distress. They also learn how to safely escape if a panicked person grabs them. Strong swimming skills are a must, as the Lifesaving merit badge involves tasks like swimming 400 yards and towing others to safety.

CPR and rescue breathing are also part of the Lifesaving merit badge. Scouts practice these life-saving techniques with a certified instructor, building confidence in their ability to help in real emergencies. Learning how to respond to unconscious victims and manage spinal injuries are also key skills taught in this badge.

The Lifesaving merit badge is not just about completing requirements. It’s about being ready to act when it matters most. These skills can make a difference in a life-or-death situation, giving Scouts the tools to protect themselves and others.