Plumbing Merit Badge

The Plumbing merit badge is a great way for Scouts to learn important skills that are useful in everyday life. Plumbing is all about understanding how water flows through pipes and how systems work in homes and buildings. By working on this badge, Scouts get hands-on experience that helps them understand how to fix and maintain plumbing systems.

This badge teaches problem-solving and how to think critically when dealing with challenges. These are skills that can help them not only with plumbing but also in other areas of life. Earning the Plumbing merit badge is a chance to gain confidence in working with tools and understanding how things work behind the scenes.

The Plumbing merit badge also encourages responsibility. Scouts learn about water conservation and why it’s important to use resources wisely. They see how plumbing systems impact the environment and how they can make a difference. This helps Scouts develop awareness about sustainability and how their actions affect the world.

Working on the Plumbing merit badge is a rewarding experience. It combines practical skills with important life lessons. Scouts not only gain knowledge they can use at home but also learn how to help others by fixing problems and offering solutions. It’s a badge that builds confidence and teaches valuable skills for the future.

The requirements for this merit badge were updated effective January 1, 2025.

Download the Plumbing Merit Badge Requirements

Plumbing Merit Badge Workbook / Worksheet

Plumbing Merit Badge Printable Requirement Check Off Sheet

Checklist for All Merit Badges

Help with Answers for Plumbing Merit Badge Requirements

Find specific helps for some of the Plumbing merit badge requirements listed below. Some of these resources will just give the answers. Others will provide engaging ways for older Scouts to introduce these concepts to new Scouts.

• Requirement 1: Basics
• Requirement 2: Systems
• Requirement 3: Tools
• Requirement 4: Terms
• Requirement 5: Pipe
• Requirement 6: Activities
• Requirement 7: Careers and Opportunities
• More Resources

How Plumbing Protects Your Family’s Health and Safety

A properly working plumbing system is essential for keeping your family healthy and safe. It ensures clean water flows into your home for drinking, cooking, and bathing. At the same time, it carries waste and dirty water away to keep your living spaces clean and sanitary. Learning about these systems through the Plumbing merit badge helps Scouts understand why plumbing is so important.

When plumbing systems are maintained, they prevent issues like leaks, clogs, or contamination. Clean water is crucial for avoiding diseases, and effective waste removal keeps harmful bacteria and odors out of your home. Working on the Plumbing merit badge teaches Scouts how these systems work and why regular maintenance is key to keeping them safe and efficient.

By understanding plumbing, Scouts also learn how to spot potential problems before they get worse. This knowledge can protect families from emergencies like burst pipes or sewage backups. The Plumbing merit badge helps Scouts appreciate the value of a well-maintained plumbing system and the role it plays in keeping everyone healthy and safe.

Health Regulations That Keep Plumbing Safe

Local health regulations play a big role in making sure plumbing systems are safe for everyone. When Scouts work on the Plumbing merit badge, they learn about these rules and how they protect public health. Here are five important regulations and why they matter.

Safe Drinking Water Standards
Plumbing must prevent contamination of drinking water. Backflow prevention devices, for example, stop dirty water from flowing into clean water supplies. This keeps your family’s water safe to drink.

Proper Waste Disposal
Plumbing systems must carry waste to approved treatment facilities. This prevents harmful bacteria and viruses from entering the environment and spreading disease.

Ventilation of Sewer Gases
Plumbing codes require proper venting of sewer gases. This keeps bad smells and dangerous gases like methane from building up in your home.

Hot Water Temperature Limits
Regulations often limit the maximum temperature for water heaters to prevent burns. This keeps your family safe, especially young children or older adults.

Septic System Guidelines
In areas without public sewers, septic systems must meet specific standards to prevent leaks or contamination of groundwater. This protects both health and the environment.

The Plumbing merit badge teaches Scouts how these rules work and why they’re important. By understanding these health regulations, Scouts gain an appreciation for how plumbing systems keep families and communities safe.

Stay Safe While Making Plumbing Repairs

Safety is a top priority when working on plumbing repairs at home. Knowing the right precautions can prevent accidents and ensure the job is done correctly. The Plumbing merit badge helps Scouts learn these important safety steps, building confidence in making repairs while staying safe.

Before starting any plumbing repair, always turn off the water supply. This prevents flooding or leaks while you work. For hot water systems, make sure the water heater is off to avoid burns. Wearing gloves and safety glasses protects your hands and eyes from sharp edges, debris, or chemicals like pipe cleaners and adhesives. These are simple steps, but they make a big difference.

Another key precaution is using tools properly. For example, wrenches and cutters should be the right size for the job to avoid slipping or damaging pipes. The Plumbing merit badge teaches Scouts how to handle tools safely and effectively. By following these precautions, Scouts can complete plumbing repairs confidently and protect their safety while working.

How a Home Hot- and Cold-Water System Works

A home’s water supply system delivers cold and hot water to faucets, showers, and appliances. Understanding how it works is an important part of earning the Plumbing merit badge. This system starts with a main water line that brings cold water into the house. From there, pipes distribute the cold water to sinks, toilets, and other fixtures. Part of the cold water goes to the water heater, where it is heated and sent through separate pipes to provide hot water.

The two sets of pipes—one for cold and one for hot water—run throughout the house, ensuring you have the right temperature water where you need it. Valves are placed along the system to control water flow, and faucets mix hot and cold water for comfortable use. The Plumbing merit badge helps Scouts understand how these systems work and why they are designed this way.

To protect the system from freezing in winter, insulate exposed pipes in cold areas like basements or attics. Use pipe insulation foam or heat tape for added protection. Draining outdoor faucets and shutting off their water supply can also prevent freezing and bursting. These steps keep your plumbing system safe and working all year long.

Understanding a Home Drainage System

The drainage system in a house removes wastewater from sinks, toilets, showers, and appliances like washing machines. It’s designed to keep water flowing out efficiently and safely. Learning how this system works is an important part of earning the Plumbing merit badge. The system includes drains, pipes, and vents, all working together to keep your home sanitary and odor-free.

Drains carry wastewater from fixtures to larger pipes called drainpipes. These pipes slope downward to help gravity move the water toward the main sewer line or a septic system. Vents are just as important as drains. They allow air to flow into the pipes, preventing a vacuum that could stop the water from draining. Vents also release sewer gases safely outside, usually through pipes that extend above the roof.

When Scouts learn about the drainage system for the Plumbing merit badge, they see how everything connects. Properly installed drains and vents prevent clogs, backups, and unpleasant odors, making the system work smoothly and safely. Understanding this system helps Scouts appreciate how plumbing keeps homes clean and healthy.

Essential Plumber’s Tools and How to Use Them

Plumbers rely on a variety of tools to fix pipes, install fixtures, and keep systems working properly. Learning how to use these tools is a key part of earning the Plumbing merit badge. Each tool has a specific purpose, and knowing how to use them correctly makes plumbing work easier and safer.

Pipe Wrench
A pipe wrench grips and turns metal pipes or fittings. Its adjustable jaw tightens securely around the pipe, giving you the leverage to loosen or tighten connections. Always use the right size wrench for the job to avoid damaging the pipe.

Plunger
This tool clears clogs in sinks, toilets, and drains by creating suction and pressure. To use it, seal the plunger over the drain and push down firmly several times before pulling up quickly.

Plumber’s Tape (Teflon Tape)
This thin tape seals threaded pipe connections to prevent leaks. Wrap it around the threads of the pipe before screwing it into place for a tight, watertight seal.

Pipe Cutter
A pipe cutter slices through pipes cleanly and evenly. Clamp the cutter around the pipe, tighten it, and rotate it until the blade cuts through. It’s commonly used for copper and PVC pipes.

Plumber’s Snake (Drain Auger)
This tool clears tough clogs deep in pipes. Insert the coiled end into the drain, turn the handle to push it through the clog, and then pull it out.

The Plumbing merit badge helps Scouts practice using these tools safely and effectively. By learning these skills, Scouts gain the confidence to handle basic plumbing tasks and maintain systems in their homes.

Understanding Common Plumbing Terms

Plumbing has its own set of tools and parts, and understanding these terms is an important step in earning the Plumbing merit badge. These items are essential for building, repairing, and maintaining plumbing systems. Here’s what these terms mean and why they are important.

Washer
A flat, round piece of rubber or metal used to create a tight seal in a faucet or valve to stop leaks. Washers are small but vital for preventing dripping.

Retaining Nut
A nut that holds parts like washers or faucets in place. It ensures the plumbing components are securely fastened.

Plunger (Rubber Force Cup)
A tool used to clear clogs in sinks or toilets by creating suction and pressure. It’s one of the simplest yet most effective tools.

Solder
A metal alloy that melts to join pipes together. It’s used with heat to create a watertight seal in metal plumbing.

Flux
A paste applied to pipes before soldering to clean the metal and help the solder flow smoothly.

Elbow
A pipe fitting shaped like an “L” that changes the direction of water flow, usually by 90 or 45 degrees.

Tee
A fitting shaped like the letter “T” that connects three pipes, allowing water to flow in multiple directions.

Nipple
A short piece of pipe with threads on both ends, used to connect two other fittings or pipes.

Coupling
A fitting used to join two pipes of the same size in a straight line.

Plug
A cap that seals the end of a pipe, usually for future access or maintenance.

Union
A fitting that allows two pipes to be connected or disconnected easily without cutting the pipes.

Trap
A curved section of pipe under sinks and drains that holds water to block sewer gases from entering the home.

Drainpipe
A pipe that carries wastewater out of the home to the sewer or septic system.

Water Meter
A device that measures the amount of water used in a home, often installed by the utility company.

The Plumbing merit badge helps Scouts learn these terms and understand how these components work together in a plumbing system. By knowing these basics, Scouts gain the knowledge to identify and use essential parts in real-world repairs and projects.

Types of Pipes in Plumbing Systems

In modern plumbing systems, different kinds of pipes are used for specific purposes. Understanding these types is an important part of earning the Plumbing merit badge. Each type of pipe has unique qualities that make it suitable for certain jobs, from carrying water to disposing of waste.

PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)
PVC pipes are lightweight, affordable, and resistant to corrosion. They are commonly used for drain, waste, and vent systems. Their smooth interior allows water to flow easily, reducing clogs.

Copper Pipes
Copper pipes are durable and handle high temperatures well, making them ideal for hot and cold water supply. They resist bacteria growth and last a long time, which is why they are popular in residential plumbing.

PEX (Cross-Linked Polyethylene)
PEX pipes are flexible, easy to install, and resistant to freezing. They are often used in modern homes for water supply systems because they are affordable and can bend around corners without additional fittings.

Galvanized Steel Pipes
Once commonly used for water supply, galvanized steel is now less popular due to its tendency to corrode over time. However, it is still found in older plumbing systems.

ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene)
ABS pipes are durable and used in drain, waste, and vent systems. They are similar to PVC but are often chosen for outdoor use because they can handle cold temperatures better.

The Plumbing merit badge helps Scouts learn why these pipes are chosen and how they are used in different parts of a plumbing system. By understanding the strengths of each type, Scouts can better appreciate how plumbing systems are built to be reliable and efficient.

Exploring the Plumbing Section of a Hardware Store

Visiting the plumbing section of a hardware store is a hands-on way to learn about the materials and tools used in plumbing systems. This activity is a great opportunity for Scouts working on the Plumbing merit badge to see how different pipes, fittings, and tools look and feel. It’s also a chance to understand their uses in real-life plumbing projects.

In the store, you’ll find PVC pipes and fittings, which are lightweight and commonly used for drain and vent systems. Look for their white color and smooth surface. Next, check out CPVC pipes and fittings, which are similar to PVC but can handle hot water better. These are often used for water supply lines. You’ll also see PEX pipes and fittings, which are flexible and colorful, often red for hot water and blue for cold.

Copper pipes and fittings are shiny and durable, ideal for long-lasting water supply systems. They require special tools for soldering. Steel pipes and fittings are heavier and threaded on the ends. These are used for older systems or heavy-duty applications. Finally, explore the specialty plumbing tools like pipe cutters, wrenches, and thread tape that make plumbing repairs easier and more precise.

Scouts working on the Plumbing merit badge learn how these materials and tools come together to create safe, reliable plumbing systems. Visiting a store gives a clear picture of what’s involved in the trade and builds confidence for future projects.

Learning to Work with PVC and CPVC Pipes

Cutting and joining PVC or CPVC pipes is a key skill you’ll learn while working on the Plumbing merit badge. These pipes are commonly used in plumbing systems because they are lightweight, easy to work with, and resistant to corrosion. Knowing how to cut, clean, and connect these pipes is an important step toward completing the badge.

To start, use a pipe cutter or a hacksaw to cut the pipe to the desired length. After cutting, it’s important to debur the edges by using sandpaper or a deburring tool. This smooths out rough edges and ensures a proper seal when connecting the pipes. Cleaning the ends with a special PVC or CPVC cleaner removes dirt and grease.

Next, use solvent welding to join the pipes. Apply a thin layer of primer to both the pipe and the fitting, followed by solvent cement. Press the pieces together quickly and hold them for a few seconds to set. Practice making three connections: a coupling (straight joint), a tee (three-way joint), and an elbow (angled joint). These connections are commonly used in plumbing projects.

Earning the Plumbing merit badge gives Scouts hands-on experience with these materials and techniques. By learning these skills, you’ll be ready to tackle real-life plumbing tasks and better understand how plumbing systems are built.

Working with PEX Pipes and Fittings

PEX pipes are a popular choice in plumbing because they are flexible, durable, and easy to install. Learning how to work with PEX is an essential skill for Scouts earning the Plumbing merit badge. These pipes are often used in water supply systems, making them a valuable addition to your plumbing knowledge.

To start, cut the PEX pipe to the desired length using a specialized PEX pipe cutter. This tool ensures a clean, straight cut, which is important for creating a secure connection. Once the pipe is cut, you can attach it using either a quick-connect fitting or a crimp fitting.

For a quick-connect fitting, simply push the pipe into the fitting until it clicks into place. These are easy to use and don’t require any tools. For a crimp fitting, slide a crimp ring onto the pipe, insert the fitting, and use a crimping tool to secure the ring tightly. Always check the connection with a gauge to ensure it’s sealed properly.

The Plumbing merit badge helps Scouts practice these techniques and understand why PEX is so widely used in modern plumbing systems. By learning to work with PEX pipes, you gain skills that are useful for both small repairs and larger plumbing projects.

How to Solder Copper Pipes for the Plumbing Merit Badge

Soldering copper pipes is a skill every plumber needs to know. It involves joining pipes and fittings to create a watertight seal. For the Plumbing merit badge, Scouts learn how to use a gas torch safely and effectively to complete this task. This is an essential skill for working on water supply systems and is a big step toward becoming confident in plumbing.

To start, clean the ends of the copper pipe and the inside of the fitting using a pipe cleaning brush or sandpaper. Apply flux, a paste that helps the solder flow evenly and creates a strong bond. Fit the pipe and fitting together securely. Light the gas torch and adjust it to produce a blue flame. Heat the fitting evenly, focusing on the joint. Once the metal is hot enough, touch the solder to the joint, and it will melt and flow into the connection. Remove the heat and let it cool without touching.

Soldering takes practice, but the Plumbing merit badge helps Scouts gain hands-on experience while learning safety precautions. Using a gas torch safely is critical, so always wear gloves and safety glasses, and work in a well-ventilated area. This skill not only builds confidence but also prepares Scouts for real-world plumbing tasks.

Replacing a Kitchen or Bathroom Faucet Made Simple

Replacing a kitchen or bathroom faucet is a practical skill that Scouts learn while working on the Plumbing merit badge. This task is useful for keeping plumbing systems in good shape and can even save money by avoiding professional installation costs. It’s a great way to build confidence in handling tools and understanding how plumbing systems work.

To replace a faucet, start by turning off the water supply using the shutoff valves under the sink. Open the faucet to release any remaining water. Next, disconnect the supply lines using an adjustable wrench and loosen the mounting nuts holding the old faucet in place. Once removed, clean the sink area to prepare for the new faucet.

Install the new faucet by placing it in the mounting holes and securing it with the provided hardware. Reconnect the water supply lines, ensuring the connections are tight but not over-tightened. Turn the water back on and check for leaks. If everything is secure, your new faucet is ready to use.

The Plumbing merit badge teaches Scouts the steps and safety precautions needed for projects like this. Learning how to replace a faucet is not only satisfying but also an important skill that can be used throughout life.

Cleaning or Replacing a Drain Trap

The drain trap, often called the “P-trap,” is the curved pipe under sinks and lavatories that prevents sewer gases from entering your home. Over time, it can get clogged with debris or start to leak. Learning to remove, clean, or replace a drain trap is an important skill Scouts develop while working on the Plumbing merit badge. This task teaches practical plumbing maintenance that can prevent bigger problems down the line.

To begin, place a bucket under the trap to catch any water. Loosen the slip nuts holding the trap in place using a wrench or your hands, depending on the type of trap. Carefully remove the trap and pour out the water and debris. Clean the trap thoroughly with warm water and a brush. If it’s damaged or heavily corroded, replace it with a new one of the same size and type.

Reinstall the cleaned or new trap by securing it back in place with the slip nuts. Make sure all connections are snug but not overtightened. Turn on the water and check for leaks. If there are none, your drain trap is back in action.

The Plumbing merit badge helps Scouts understand how these simple fixes keep plumbing systems working smoothly. By learning how to maintain a drain trap, Scouts gain valuable skills they can use at home or to help others.

Using Pipe Thread Tape the Right Way

Pipe thread tape, also known as Teflon tape, is a simple but essential tool for sealing threaded pipe connections. It prevents leaks by creating a watertight seal. Learning to apply pipe thread tape properly is a key skill Scouts develop while working on the Plumbing merit badge. It’s a small step that makes a big difference in ensuring plumbing connections are secure and leak-free.

To apply pipe thread tape, start by cleaning the threads of the pipe or connector to remove dirt or debris. Hold the tape tightly and wrap it clockwise around the threads, starting at the end of the pipe. Overlap the tape slightly as you go, making 3–4 complete wraps. Be careful not to cover the opening of the pipe, as this could block water flow.

Once the tape is applied, screw the pipe or fitting into place. The tape acts as a seal and ensures the connection is tight. This simple technique is essential for both repairs and new installations. The Plumbing merit badge helps Scouts understand when and why to use pipe thread tape, giving them confidence in handling basic plumbing tasks. It’s a quick skill to learn and incredibly useful for keeping systems running smoothly.

Career Opportunities in Plumbing

Earning the Plumbing merit badge introduces Scouts to skills that can lead to rewarding careers. Plumbing involves solving problems, working with tools, and creating systems that keep homes and buildings safe and functional. Here are ten career opportunities that use plumbing skills:

Plumber
Plumbers install and repair pipes, fixtures, and systems for water, gas, and waste. They are essential for keeping homes and businesses running smoothly.

Pipefitter
Pipefitters work with high-pressure pipes, often in industrial settings like factories or power plants. They specialize in systems that carry steam, chemicals, or gases.

Steamfitter
Steamfitters are a type of pipefitter who focus on systems that carry steam or hot water. Their work is critical for heating systems and power plants.

Plumbing Inspector
Plumbing inspectors ensure that plumbing installations meet local codes and safety standards. They play an important role in maintaining public health and safety.

Construction Foreman
Foremen manage teams of workers, including plumbers, on construction sites. They oversee the installation of plumbing systems in new buildings.

Plumbing Engineer
Plumbing engineers design complex plumbing systems for large buildings or facilities. They ensure that systems are efficient, safe, and up to code.

Septic System Installer
These specialists install and maintain septic systems for homes and businesses not connected to public sewer lines.

Water Treatment Technician
Water treatment technicians work to improve water quality for homes, businesses, or municipal systems. They use plumbing knowledge to install and maintain treatment systems.

Irrigation Specialist
Irrigation specialists design and install systems that water lawns, gardens, or agricultural fields. They ensure efficient water use.

Drain Technician
Drain technicians focus on clearing clogs and repairing drainage systems to keep wastewater flowing properly.

The Plumbing merit badge gives Scouts a glimpse into these careers and the skills they require. Plumbing careers offer stability, growth, and the chance to make a positive impact on daily life. Exploring these paths can help Scouts see how their knowledge can lead to exciting opportunities in the future.

More Merit Badge Resources

Merit badges are a great way for Scouts to explore new skills, interests, and career paths. With over 100 badges to choose from, there’s something for everyone, from sports and outdoor adventure to science and trades. You don’t need to reach a specific rank to start earning them, which makes badges like the Plumbing merit badge a perfect way to dive into hands-on learning. It’s a fun and practical way to build skills while exploring topics that interest you.

Each merit badge offers unique challenges and lessons. The Plumbing merit badge, for example, helps Scouts learn how plumbing systems work and why they’re essential for homes and communities. Whether you’re fixing a faucet or learning about water conservation, this badge builds real-world skills that you can use for life. Talk to your Scoutmaster to get started and discover how merit badges can lead to exciting new experiences.

Learn More about Scouts BSA

Scouts BSA is a program for youth aged 11 to 17 that helps build character, leadership, and life skills. Through outdoor adventures like camping, hiking, and backpacking, Scouts learn teamwork and responsibility. Earning merit badges, such as the Plumbing merit badge, is an important part of the program. These badges teach real-world skills and allow Scouts to explore interests in areas like trades, science, and outdoor skills.

The program is inclusive and adaptable, supporting Scouts from all backgrounds as they work toward their goals. Scouts BSA encourages personal growth through service projects, leadership opportunities, and rank advancements. The Plumbing merit badge, for example, gives Scouts practical experience while teaching them the importance of water conservation and problem-solving. By participating in Scouts BSA, youth gain confidence and skills they can use for the rest of their lives.

What do I learn in the Plumbing merit badge?

The Plumbing merit badge teaches you how plumbing systems work, how to fix common problems, and how to use important tools. You also learn about water conservation and how plumbing protects health and safety.

Do I need special tools to complete the Plumbing merit badge?

Yes, you will use tools like wrenches, pipe cutters, and a plunger. You may also use specialized tools like a plumber’s snake or soldering equipment, depending on the project.

Can I earn the Plumbing merit badge without previous experience?

Absolutely! The Plumbing merit badge is designed to teach you the basics, even if you’ve never worked with pipes before. You will get hands-on practice during the badge activities.

What are some common projects for the Plumbing merit badge?

Common projects include replacing a faucet, cleaning a drain trap, cutting and joining PVC or PEX pipes, and learning how to prevent freezing in water systems.

Why is the Plumbing merit badge important?

It gives you skills that are useful for life. You’ll learn how to handle plumbing problems at home, save water, and even explore plumbing-related careers.

Does the Plumbing merit badge prepare me for a job?

While it doesn’t make you a professional plumber, it introduces skills that are helpful if you want to explore plumbing or related careers in the future.

How long does it take to complete the Plumbing merit badge?

The time varies depending on how quickly you complete the projects and requirements. With steady work, you can finish it in a few weeks.

Do I need to visit a hardware store for the Plumbing merit badge?

Yes, visiting a hardware store is part of the badge. You will learn about different pipes, fittings, and tools used in plumbing.

Is the Plumbing merit badge safe to work on?

Yes, as long as you follow safety guidelines. Always turn off the water supply before starting projects, wear safety gear, and use tools properly.

Can the Plumbing merit badge help me at home?

Definitely! The skills you learn, like fixing leaks or replacing faucets, can save you time and money on home repairs.

The Plumbing merit badge is all about understanding how plumbing systems work and why they’re important. Scouts learn to fix common problems like clogs, leaks, and worn-out faucets. These skills are useful at home and can even spark an interest in plumbing careers. Along the way, Scouts gain confidence using tools and solving problems.

This merit badge isn’t just about repairs—it also teaches important lessons about water conservation and protecting public health. Scouts discover how plumbing systems keep homes safe and clean. By learning about pipes, fittings, and tools, they see how plumbing impacts everyday life.

The Plumbing merit badge gives Scouts a chance to work with their hands and complete real-world projects. From cutting and joining pipes to replacing fixtures, Scouts gain practical knowledge they can use for years. It’s a badge that combines creativity, problem-solving, and hands-on learning, all while building valuable life skills.

Whether you’re interested in DIY home repairs or exploring a potential career, the Plumbing merit badge is a great way to get started. It’s a fun and rewarding experience that makes Scouts ready to handle anything from small leaks to big plumbing challenges.