Plumbing Merit Badge

Free Resources and Answers

Time: 2–4 weeks
Difficulty: Moderate
Setting: Home, workshop
Best For: Scouts interested in tools, home repair, practical skills
Hands-On Level: High
Eagle Required: No

The Plumbing merit badge gives you a chance to learn how one of the most important systems in a home works. Every day, people depend on plumbing for clean water and sanitation. As you work on this badge, you will discover how pipes, fixtures, and drains work together to make daily life safer and more comfortable.

Along the way, you will learn practical skills and gain experience using tools. You will explore common plumbing problems and see how they can be prevented or repaired. These activities help you build confidence and teach you how to approach problems in a careful and logical way.

The Plumbing merit badge also helps you understand the value of clean water and proper waste disposal. You will learn about water conservation and the role plumbers play in protecting public health. The skills and knowledge you gain can help you at home today and may even inspire an interest in a future career.

The requirements for this merit badge were updated effective January 1, 2025.

Download the Plumbing Merit Badge Requirements

Plumbing Merit Badge Pamphlet

Plumbing Merit Badge Printable Requirement Check Off Sheet

Checklist for All Merit Badges

Help with Answers for Plumbing Merit Badge Requirements

Find specific helps for some of the Plumbing merit badge requirements listed below. Some of these resources will just give the answers. Others will provide engaging ways for older Scouts to introduce these concepts to new Scouts.

• Requirement 1: Basics
• Requirement 2: Systems
• Requirement 3: Tools
• Requirement 4: Terms
• Requirement 5: Pipe
• Requirement 6: Activities
• Requirement 7: Careers and Opportunities
• More Resources

Requirement 1a: Plumbing and Family Safety

What You Need To Do

Describe how a properly working plumbing system protects your family’s health and safety.

Helpful Tips

• Plumbing brings clean water into your home for drinking, cooking, bathing, and cleaning.
• Drain pipes carry wastewater and sewage away from the home.
• Clean water helps prevent illness from contaminated water.
• Sewer pipes keep waste from collecting inside the house.
• Plumbing vents remove sewer gases from the plumbing system.
• Good plumbing helps prevent mold caused by leaks and excess moisture.
• Regular maintenance helps prevent broken pipes, clogs, and water damage.

Resources

• How Plumbing Transformed Public Health (video)

Leader Tips

• Encourage Scouts to look at plumbing fixtures in their own homes.
• Discuss both water supply systems and drain systems.
• Ask Scouts for examples of how families use plumbing every day.
• Connect plumbing safety to real-life situations such as leaks or sewer backups.

Requirement 1b: Local Plumbing Health Regulations

What You Need To Do

List five important local health regulations related to plumbing and tell how they protect health and safety.

Helpful Tips

• Backflow prevention devices keep dirty water from entering drinking water lines.
• Plumbing codes require safe materials for water supply pipes.
• Sewer systems must carry waste to approved treatment facilities.
• Plumbing vents prevent sewer gases from entering buildings.
• Water heaters often have temperature limits to reduce burn injuries.
• Septic systems must meet local standards to protect groundwater.
• Permits and inspections help verify that plumbing work meets safety requirements.

Leader Tips

• Encourage Scouts to check local plumbing codes or health department information.
• Help Scouts connect each regulation to a specific health or safety benefit.
• Use examples from homes, schools, or public buildings.
• Focus on practical reasons behind the regulations.

Requirement 1c: Safety Precautions for Plumbing Repairs

What You Need To Do

Describe the safety precautions you must take when making home plumbing repairs.

Helpful Tips

• Turn off the water supply before starting repairs.
• Shut off power when working near electrical equipment or water heaters.
• Wear safety glasses to protect your eyes from debris and splashes.
• Wear gloves to protect your hands from sharp edges and chemicals.
• Use the correct tool for each job.
• Read directions before using adhesives, cleaners, or solvents.
• Keep the work area dry to reduce slipping hazards.
• Test repairs carefully before leaving the job site.

Resources

• Plumbing Safety Tips (video)

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate safe tool handling during plumbing activities.
• Review basic personal protective equipment before starting work.
• Discuss hazards involving electricity, hot water, and chemicals.
• Encourage Scouts to make safety checks part of every repair project.

Requirement 2a: Home Water Supply System

What You Need To Do

Make a drawing of a home’s hot- and cold-water supply system and explain how it works. Show how water enters the house, reaches fixtures, and how hot water is supplied. Include ways to protect the system from freezing.

Helpful Tips

• The main water line brings cold water into the house.
• Cold water travels directly to sinks, toilets, washing machines, and other fixtures.
• Some cold water flows to the water heater.
• The water heater warms the water and sends it through hot-water pipes.
• Faucets and showers usually receive both hot and cold water.
• Shutoff valves control the flow of water to different parts of the system.
• Pipe insulation helps protect pipes in cold locations.
• Outdoor faucets should be drained before freezing weather.
• Heat tape can help protect pipes in areas with very cold temperatures.

Resources

• How Your Home Plumbing Works (From Start to Finish) (video)

Leader Tips

• Have Scouts label major parts on their drawings.
• Encourage clear arrows showing water flow.
• Discuss common locations where pipes freeze.
• Review both water supply and freeze protection methods.

Requirement 2b: Home Drainage System

What You Need To Do

Make a drawing of a home’s drainage system and explain how it works. Show drains, drainpipes, traps, and vents, and describe the purpose of each part.

Helpful Tips

• Drains collect wastewater from sinks, tubs, showers, and toilets.
• Drainpipes carry wastewater away from fixtures.
• Drainpipes slope downward so gravity can move water through the system.
• P-traps hold water and block sewer gases from entering the home.
• Vent pipes allow air into the drainage system.
• Vents help water flow smoothly through drainpipes.
• Vent pipes carry sewer gases safely above the roof.
• The drainage system connects to a sewer system or septic system.
• Proper venting helps prevent slow drains and gurgling sounds.

Resources

• How Your Home Plumbing Works (From Start to Finish) (video)

Leader Tips

• Encourage Scouts to include traps and vents in their drawings.
• Use simple diagrams instead of detailed construction plans.
• Point out how drains and vents work together.
• Discuss how proper drainage helps keep homes sanitary.

Requirement 3: Plumber’s Tools

What You Need To Do

Show how to use five important plumber’s tools. Demonstrate safe handling and explain what each tool is used for.

Helpful Tips

• A pipe wrench grips and turns metal pipes and fittings.
• A plunger uses suction and pressure to remove clogs from drains and toilets.
• Plumber’s tape seals threaded pipe connections and helps prevent leaks.
• A pipe cutter makes clean, straight cuts in copper or plastic pipe.
• A drain auger, also called a plumber’s snake, removes clogs deep inside drainpipes.
• Check tools for damage before using them.
• Keep a firm grip on tools while working.
• Wear safety glasses when cutting pipes or clearing clogs.
• Clean tools after use and store them properly.

Resources

• 6 Essential Plumbing Hand Tools…and Others to Keep Around! (video)

Leader Tips

• Let Scouts handle and demonstrate each tool when possible.
• Review safe tool use before demonstrations begin.
• Encourage Scouts to identify the correct tool for different plumbing jobs.
• Provide real plumbing parts so Scouts can practice tool use.

Understanding Common Plumbing Terms

What You Need To Do

Identify and explain common plumbing terms used in plumbing systems and repairs. Be able to describe what each item does and where it is used.

Helpful Tips

• A washer is a small rubber, plastic, or metal piece that creates a seal and helps prevent leaks.
• A retaining nut is a nut that holds plumbing parts securely in place.
• A plunger (rubber force cup) is a tool that uses suction and pressure to clear clogs.
• Solder is a metal material melted to join copper pipes and fittings.
• Flux is a cleaning paste used before soldering to help solder bond to metal surfaces.
• An elbow is a fitting that changes the direction of a pipe, usually by 45 or 90 degrees.
• A tee is a T-shaped fitting that connects three pipes.
• A nipple is a short threaded piece of pipe used to connect fittings or pipes.
• A coupling is a fitting that joins two pipes in a straight line.
• A plug is a fitting that closes the end of a pipe.
• A union is a fitting that allows pipes to be disconnected without cutting them.
• A trap is a curved section of pipe that holds water and blocks sewer gases.
• A drainpipe carries wastewater from fixtures to a sewer or septic system.
• A water meter measures the amount of water used by a building.

Leader Tips

• Use actual plumbing parts when possible so Scouts can see and handle them.
• Encourage Scouts to match each term with its purpose in a plumbing system.
• Review the difference between tools, fittings, and system components.
• Ask Scouts to identify these items in diagrams or around their homes.

Requirement 5: Types of Plumbing Pipe

What You Need To Do

Name the types of pipe commonly used in plumbing systems and explain why each type is used. Be able to describe the advantages of each pipe material.

Helpful Tips

• PVC pipe is lightweight, inexpensive, and resistant to corrosion. It is commonly used for drain, waste, and vent systems.
• Copper pipe is strong, durable, and handles hot and cold water well. It is often used for water supply lines.
• PEX pipe is flexible and easy to install. It is widely used for hot- and cold-water supply systems in newer homes.
• Galvanized steel pipe is strong but can rust inside over time. It is often found in older homes.
• ABS pipe is durable and commonly used for drain, waste, and vent systems.
• PVC and ABS pipes are joined with special cements instead of soldering.
• PEX can bend around corners, reducing the number of fittings needed.
• Copper resists heat and has a long service life.
• Different pipe materials are selected based on cost, location, water pressure, and intended use.

Resources

• Four Types of Pipes Explained! (video)

Leader Tips

• Show Scouts samples or photos of different pipe types.
• Encourage Scouts to compare the strengths and weaknesses of each material.
• Point out where these pipes might be found in a typical home.
• Discuss why different parts of a plumbing system use different materials.

Requirement 6a: Visit a Plumbing Department

What You Need To Do

Visit the plumbing section of a hardware store or home center. Identify the listed pipe types, fittings, and specialty plumbing tools.

Helpful Tips

• PVC pipe is usually white and is commonly used for drain systems.
• CPVC pipe is often cream or light yellow and is used for hot and cold water lines.
• PEX pipe is flexible and is often red, blue, or white.
• Copper pipe has a metallic copper color and is used for water supply lines.
• Steel pipe is heavier than plastic pipe and often has threaded ends.
• Fittings connect sections of pipe together.
• Specialty tools may include pipe cutters, pipe wrenches, tubing cutters, crimping tools, and drain augers.
• Read labels on pipes and fittings to identify materials and sizes.

Leader Tips

• Encourage Scouts to handle sample materials when allowed.
• Ask Scouts to compare the different pipe types.
• Point out specialty tools and their purposes.
• Review common uses for each pipe material.

Requirement 6b: Cut and Join PVC or CPVC Pipe

What You Need To Do

Cut and debur PVC or CPVC pipe and make three solvent-welded connections using a coupling, tee, and elbow.

Helpful Tips

• Measure carefully before cutting the pipe.
• Use a pipe cutter or fine-tooth saw for clean cuts.
• Remove rough edges with a deburring tool or sandpaper.
• Dry-fit the pieces before applying primer and cement.
• Apply primer if required by local code or instructions.
• Apply solvent cement evenly to both surfaces.
• Push the pieces together fully and give a slight twist.
• Hold the connection for several seconds while it sets.

Resources

• How To Cut, Prime & Cement PVC Pipe & Fittings Like A PRO (How To Bond PVC) Solvent Weld PVC (video)

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate proper cutting and deburring techniques.
• Emphasize safe handling of primer and cement.
• Check that Scouts identify each fitting correctly.
• Inspect connections before the cement cures.

Requirement 6c: Make a PEX Connection

What You Need To Do

Cut PEX pipe and make at least one connection using a quick-connect fitting or a crimp fitting.

Helpful Tips

• Use a PEX cutter for a straight, clean cut.
• Inspect the cut end for damage or rough edges.
• Quick-connect fittings allow the pipe to push directly into the fitting.
• Crimp fittings require a crimp ring and crimping tool.
• Insert the pipe completely into the fitting.
• Check crimp connections with the proper gauge.
• PEX is flexible and can bend around obstacles.
• Avoid kinking the pipe during installation.

Resources

• How To Cut And Crimp Pex – From A Professional (video)

Leader Tips

• Let Scouts practice several cuts before making a connection.
• Demonstrate the correct use of crimping tools.
• Verify that fittings are fully seated.
• Review common mistakes that cause leaks.

Requirement 6d: Solder a Copper Connection

What You Need To Do

Use a gas torch to solder a copper pipe connection.

Helpful Tips

• Clean the pipe and fitting with sandpaper or a wire brush.
• Apply flux to both surfaces before assembly.
• Fit the pipe and fitting together securely.
• Heat the fitting evenly with the torch.
• Touch the solder to the heated joint, not the flame.
• Allow the solder to flow around the entire connection.
• Let the joint cool naturally.
• Wear safety glasses and work in a well-ventilated area.

Resources

• Copper Pipe Soldering—How To Solder for Beginners (video)

Leader Tips

• Closely supervise all torch use.
• Review fire safety procedures before beginning.
• Check that Scouts prepare the joint properly before heating.
• Keep a fire extinguisher nearby during the activity.

Requirement 6e: Replace a Faucet

What You Need To Do

Replace a kitchen faucet or a lavatory faucet under adult supervision.

Helpful Tips

• Turn off the water supply before starting.
• Open the faucet to relieve water pressure.
• Disconnect the water supply lines.
• Remove the mounting hardware from the old faucet.
• Clean the sink surface before installing the new faucet.
• Follow the manufacturer’s installation instructions.
• Reconnect the supply lines carefully.
• Turn the water back on and check for leaks.

Resources

• Women’s DIY Bathroom Remodel (video)

Leader Tips

• Review the installation instructions with Scouts.
• Demonstrate proper wrench use.
• Encourage careful leak checks after installation.
• Discuss the purpose of shutoff valves.

Requirement 6f: Clean or Replace a Drain Trap

What You Need To Do

Remove, clean or replace, and reinstall a sink or lavatory drain trap.

Helpful Tips

• Place a bucket under the trap before removal.
• Loosen the slip nuts carefully.
• Empty any water and debris from the trap.
• Clean the trap thoroughly if it will be reused.
• Replace damaged washers if needed.
• Reinstall the trap in the correct position.
• Tighten connections firmly without overtightening.
• Run water afterward and check for leaks.

Resources

• How To Install P-Trap And Bathroom Sink Drain Piping | Easy Installation For Beginners! (video)

Leader Tips

• Show Scouts how the trap blocks sewer gases.
• Encourage careful handling of washers and nuts.
• Discuss common causes of drain clogs.
• Verify proper alignment during reinstallation.

Requirement 6g: Apply Pipe Thread Tape

What You Need To Do

Apply pipe thread tape correctly to a threaded pipe or plumbing connector.

Helpful Tips

• Clean the threads before applying tape.
• Start wrapping near the end of the threads.
• Wrap the tape clockwise when looking at the pipe end.
• Stretch the tape slightly while wrapping.
• Overlap each wrap slightly.
• Apply three to four wraps for most connections.
• Keep tape away from the pipe opening.
• Thread the fitting together after the tape is applied.

Resources

• How to Apply Teflon Tape Like a Plumbing Pro (video)

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate the correct wrapping direction.
• Let Scouts practice on several fittings.
• Check for smooth, even coverage.
• Explain how thread tape helps prevent leaks.

Requirement 7: Plumbing Careers

What You Need To Do

Identify three careers that use plumbing skills. Research one career and find information about training, education, certifications, costs, job opportunities, salary, advancement opportunities, and career goals. Discuss your findings with your counselor.

Helpful Tips

• Many plumbing careers require technical training, apprenticeships, or on-the-job experience.
• Apprenticeships often combine classroom instruction with paid work experience.
• Some states and local governments require plumbers to be licensed.
• Certifications and licenses may require exams and continuing education.
• Starting salaries vary by location, training, and experience.
• Skilled trades often have strong demand because homes, businesses, and industries need plumbing systems.
• Advancement opportunities can include becoming a supervisor, business owner, inspector, or contractor.
• Research information from trade schools, unions, government labor statistics, and professional organizations.
• Include the costs of training, tools, licenses, and certifications in your research.
• Be prepared to discuss what interests you about the career and whether it matches your goals.

Careers To Consider

• Plumber
• Pipefitter
• Steamfitter
• Plumbing Inspector
• Plumbing Contractor
• Construction Foreman
• Plumbing Engineer
• Septic System Installer
• Water Treatment Technician
• Irrigation Specialist
• Drain Technician
• Fire Sprinkler Installer
• Building Maintenance Technician
• Facilities Manager
• Utility Service Technician

Resources

• Why Plumbing is the Best Job Ever (video)
• Plumbing Jobs Explained: From Odd Jobs to Owning a Small Business (video)

Leader Tips

• Encourage Scouts to research current local job opportunities.
• Help Scouts locate reliable sources for salary and training information.
• Discuss both skilled-trade and professional career paths.
• Focus on helping Scouts connect career options to their interests and goals.

More Merit Badge Resources

Merit badges are a great way for Scouts to explore new skills, interests, and career paths. With over 100 badges to choose from, there’s something for everyone, from sports and outdoor adventure to science and trades.

You don’t need to reach a specific rank to start earning them, which makes badges like the Plumbing merit badge a perfect way to dive into hands-on learning. It’s a fun and practical way to build skills while exploring topics that interest you.

Each merit badge offers unique challenges and lessons. The Plumbing merit badge, for example, helps Scouts learn how plumbing systems work and why they’re essential for homes and communities. Whether you’re fixing a faucet or learning about water conservation, this badge builds real-world skills that you can use for life. Talk to your Scoutmaster to get started and discover how merit badges can lead to exciting new experiences.

Learn More about Scouts BSA

Scouts BSA is a program for youth aged 11 to 17 that helps build character, leadership, and life skills. Through outdoor adventures like camping, hiking, and backpacking, Scouts learn teamwork and responsibility.

Earning merit badges, such as the Plumbing merit badge, is an important part of the program. These badges teach real-world skills and allow Scouts to explore interests in areas like trades, science, and outdoor skills.

The program is inclusive and adaptable, supporting Scouts from all backgrounds as they work toward their goals. Scouts BSA encourages personal growth through service projects, leadership opportunities, and rank advancements. The Plumbing merit badge, for example, gives Scouts practical experience while teaching them the importance of water conservation and problem-solving. By participating in Scouts BSA, youth gain confidence and skills they can use for the rest of their lives.

What do I learn in the Plumbing merit badge?

The Plumbing merit badge teaches you how plumbing systems work, how to fix common problems, and how to use important tools. You also learn about water conservation and how plumbing protects health and safety.

Do I need special tools to complete the Plumbing merit badge?

Yes, you will use tools like wrenches, pipe cutters, and a plunger. You may also use specialized tools like a plumber’s snake or soldering equipment, depending on the project.

Can I earn the Plumbing merit badge without previous experience?

Absolutely! The Plumbing merit badge is designed to teach you the basics, even if you’ve never worked with pipes before. You will get hands-on practice during the badge activities.

What are some common projects for the Plumbing merit badge?

Common projects include replacing a faucet, cleaning a drain trap, cutting and joining PVC or PEX pipes, and learning how to prevent freezing in water systems.

Why is the Plumbing merit badge important?

It gives you skills that are useful for life. You’ll learn how to handle plumbing problems at home, save water, and even explore plumbing-related careers.

Does the Plumbing merit badge prepare me for a job?

While it doesn’t make you a professional plumber, it introduces skills that are helpful if you want to explore plumbing or related careers in the future.

How long does it take to complete the Plumbing merit badge?

The time varies depending on how quickly you complete the projects and requirements. With steady work, you can finish it in a few weeks.

Do I need to visit a hardware store for the Plumbing merit badge?

Yes, visiting a hardware store is part of the badge. You will learn about different pipes, fittings, and tools used in plumbing.

Is the Plumbing merit badge safe to work on?

Yes, as long as you follow safety guidelines. Always turn off the water supply before starting projects, wear safety gear, and use tools properly.

Can the Plumbing merit badge help me at home?

Definitely! The skills you learn, like fixing leaks or replacing faucets, can save you time and money on home repairs.

The Plumbing merit badge is all about understanding how plumbing systems work and why they’re important. Scouts learn to fix common problems like clogs, leaks, and worn-out faucets. These skills are useful at home and can even spark an interest in plumbing careers. Along the way, Scouts gain confidence using tools and solving problems.

This merit badge isn’t just about repairs—it also teaches important lessons about water conservation and protecting public health. Scouts discover how plumbing systems keep homes safe and clean. By learning about pipes, fittings, and tools, they see how plumbing impacts everyday life.

The Plumbing merit badge gives Scouts a chance to work with their hands and complete real-world projects. From cutting and joining pipes to replacing fixtures, Scouts gain practical knowledge they can use for years. It’s a badge that combines creativity, problem-solving, and hands-on learning, all while building valuable life skills.

Whether you’re interested in DIY home repairs or exploring a potential career, the Plumbing merit badge is a great way to get started. It’s a fun and rewarding experience that makes Scouts ready to handle anything from small leaks to big plumbing challenges.