Snow Sports Merit Badge

Requirement 1a: Snow Sports Hazards

What You Need To Do

Talk with your counselor about hazards you might face during snow sports. Cover ways to prepare for them, reduce risks, and respond if a problem happens.

Helpful Tips

• Avalanches can happen on steep slopes with unstable snow.
• Check weather and snow conditions before heading out.
• Wear clothing in layers to stay warm and dry.
• Carry extra gloves, socks, and warm clothing.
• Drink water often, even during cold weather.
• Use sunscreen and wear goggles or sunglasses on bright days.
• Stay on marked trails and follow ski area rules.
• Wear a helmet during skiing, snowboarding, and similar activities.
• Watch for signs of changing weather and seek shelter when needed.
• Travel with a buddy and stay where others can see you.

Resources

• How to Ski Safely (video)
• How to Prevent Injuries (website)

Leader Tips

• Use real examples from local winter activities.
• Ask Scouts how they would respond to different hazards.
• Review safety equipment used for snow sports.
• Encourage Scouts to connect hazards with prevention methods.

Requirement 1b: First Aid for Snow Sports Injuries and Illnesses

What You Need To Do

Discuss common injuries and illnesses that can happen during snow sports. Cover prevention, first aid, and how to apply a splint for a possible fracture.

Helpful Tips

• Hypothermia happens when body temperature drops too low. Move the person to a warm place and remove wet clothing.
• Frostbite affects skin exposed to extreme cold. Warm the area slowly and gently.
• Shock can follow a serious injury. Keep the person warm and get medical help.
• Dehydration can happen during winter activities. Drink water throughout the day.
• Sunburn is common because snow reflects sunlight. Use sunscreen and lip balm with SPF protection.
• Bruises can be treated with a cold pack to reduce swelling.
• Sprains involve stretched or torn ligaments. Rest the joint and provide support.
• Strains affect muscles or tendons. Rest and limit movement.
• Fractures involve broken bones. Keep the injured area still and seek medical care.
• A splint uses a firm object placed beside the injury and secured with bandages or cloth. Support the joints above and below the injury.

Resources

• Treatment and Prevention of Hypothermia (website)
• Treating Frostbite and Hypothermia (video)
• How to Splint a Broken Bone (video)

Leader Tips

• Bring basic first aid supplies for demonstrations.
• Let Scouts practice simple splinting techniques.
• Use scenarios to help Scouts apply first aid skills.
• Review when professional medical help is needed.

Requirement 2a: Giving First Aid After an Accident

What You Need To Do

Talk with your counselor about why every snow sports participant should be ready to give first aid. Cover how quick action can help after an accident.

Helpful Tips

• Accidents can happen anywhere on a ski slope or trail.
• First aid can help protect an injured person until trained responders arrive.
• Quick action can reduce pain and prevent some injuries from getting worse.
• Snow sports areas may be large, and help may take time to arrive.
• First aid skills help with common injuries such as cuts, sprains, and fractures.
• A calm response helps injured people feel safer.
• Being prepared helps protect everyone in the group.
• Carrying a small first aid kit can be useful during winter activities.

Leader Tips

• Discuss situations where emergency help might be delayed.
• Review basic first aid skills before outdoor activities.
• Encourage Scouts to stay calm during emergencies.
• Connect first aid preparedness to the Scout motto.

Requirement 2b: Reporting an Accident

What You Need To Do

Explain how to report an accident to ski patrol or emergency personnel. Include the information rescuers need to respond quickly.

Helpful Tips

• Make sure the area is safe before approaching an injured person.
• Contact ski patrol, resort staff, or emergency personnel as soon as possible.
• Use a phone, emergency call box, or radio if available.
• Give the exact location of the accident.
• Describe the injury or illness as clearly as possible.
• Tell responders how many people are injured.
• Stay calm and speak clearly when giving information.
• Remain with the injured person if it is safe to do so.
• Follow directions from ski patrol or emergency personnel.
• Send another person for help if communication equipment is not available.

Resources

• How to Report an Accident to the Ski Patrol (video)

Leader Tips

• Review the emergency procedures used at local ski areas.
• Practice giving clear accident reports.
• Use role-playing activities to build confidence.
• Remind Scouts to focus on safety before providing assistance.

Requirement 3: Trail Marking System

What You Need To Do

Explain the international trail-marking system used at ski areas. Cover the trail symbols, colors, and what they tell skiers and snowboarders about difficulty and safety.

Helpful Tips

• A green circle marks the easiest trails.
• Green trails are designed for beginners and new snow sports participants.
• A blue square marks intermediate trails.
• Blue trails are steeper and require more skill and control.
• A black diamond marks difficult trails for advanced participants.
• A double black diamond marks expert-level terrain with the highest difficulty.
• Trail ratings can vary from one ski area to another.
• A closed trail sign means the trail is not open for use.
• Warning signs alert participants to hazards or special conditions.
• Check trail signs before starting a run to make sure it matches your ability level.
• Follow all posted signs and directions from ski area staff.

Resources

• International Trail Marking System (video)

Leader Tips

• Show photos or diagrams of common trail signs.
• Discuss which trails match different skill levels.
• Remind Scouts that trail ratings can vary by location.
• Encourage Scouts to look for trail signs each time they visit a ski area.

Requirement 4: Fitness for Snow Sports

What You Need To Do

Discuss why strength, endurance, and flexibility are important for snow sports. Demonstrate exercises and activities that help you prepare for the snow sport option you plan to complete.

Helpful Tips

• Strength helps you control your movements on snow and ice.
• Strong leg muscles support balance and help absorb bumps and turns.
• Core strength improves stability during skiing, snowboarding, and other snow sports.
• Endurance helps you stay active for longer periods without getting tired.
• Walking, running, cycling, and swimming can improve endurance.
• Flexibility helps joints move through a full range of motion.
• Stretching before and after activity can reduce muscle tightness.
• Squats and lunges build leg strength used during many snow sports.
• Planks help strengthen the core muscles.
• Balance exercises such as standing on one foot can improve coordination.
• Regular exercise before the season can help reduce the risk of injury.

Resources

• Training to Prevent Snow Sports Injuries (video)

Leader Tips

• Encourage Scouts to connect each exercise to their chosen snow sport.
• Have Scouts demonstrate a variety of strength, endurance, and flexibility activities.
• Focus on proper form and safe movement during demonstrations.
• Remind Scouts that fitness preparation should begin before time on the snow.

Requirement 5: Clothing and Equipment

What You Need To Do

Show your counselor the clothing and equipment you will use for your chosen snow sport. Discuss how each item helps keep you warm, dry, comfortable, and protected during winter activities.

Helpful Tips

• Dress in layers so you can adjust to changing temperatures.
• A moisture-wicking base layer helps move sweat away from your skin.
• An insulating middle layer helps keep body heat in.
• A waterproof outer layer protects against snow, wind, and moisture.
• Wear warm gloves or mittens to protect your hands from cold temperatures.
• A hat or helmet liner helps reduce heat loss from your head.
• Goggles or sunglasses protect your eyes from wind, snow, and bright sunlight.
• A helmet helps reduce the risk of head injuries.
• Waterproof boots help keep your feet warm and dry.
• Clothing should fit well and allow easy movement.
• Check all equipment before heading out to make sure it is in good condition.
• Use equipment designed for your specific snow sport activity.

Resources

• How to Dress for Snow Sports (video)

Leader Tips

• Ask Scouts to identify the purpose of each clothing layer.
• Review required safety equipment for the chosen activity.
• Encourage Scouts to check equipment fit and condition before use.
• Discuss how weather conditions may affect clothing choices.

Requirement 6a: Your Responsibility Code

What You Need To Do

Explain the Your Responsibility Code used at ski areas and snow sport venues. Discuss why every participant must follow these rules to help keep everyone safe.

Helpful Tips

•  Always stay in control. You must be able to stop or avoid people or objects.
•  People ahead or downhill of you have the right-of-way. You must avoid them.
•  Stop only where you are visible from above and do not restrict traffic.
•  Look uphill and avoid others before starting downhill or entering a trail.
•  You must prevent runaway equipment.
•  Read and obey all signs, warnings, and hazard markings.
•  Keep off closed trails and out of closed areas.
•  You must know how and be able to load, ride and unload lifts safely. If you need assistance, ask the lift attendant.
•  Do not use lifts or terrain when impaired by alcohol or drugs.
•  If you are involved in a collision or incident, share your contact information with each other and a ski area employee.

Resources

• Your Responsibility Code (video)

Leader Tips

• Review each part of the code with real examples.
• Ask Scouts how a rule helps prevent accidents.
• Discuss situations where several rules apply at the same time.
• Encourage Scouts to follow the code during every outing.

Requirement 6b: Smart Style Safety Program

What You Need To Do

Explain the Smart Style program and how it applies to terrain parks and halfpipes. Discuss why these guidelines help reduce injuries.

Helpful Tips

• Smart Style focuses on safety in terrain parks and pipes.
• Start Small means beginning with features that match your skill level.
• Make a Plan means checking each feature before using it.
• Always Look means making sure the landing area is clear.
• Respect means watching out for other participants and following park rules.
• Take It Easy means staying within your abilities.
• Terrain park features can include jumps, rails, boxes, and pipes.
• Conditions can change throughout the day.
• Helmets are strongly recommended in terrain parks.
• Good judgment helps prevent many common injuries.

Resources

• SMART Style Safety Program (video)

Leader Tips

• Show examples of terrain park features.
• Discuss how skill levels affect feature selection.
• Review each part of the Smart Style program separately.
• Encourage Scouts to focus on safety before attempting new features.

Requirement 6c: Avalanche Safety

What You Need To Do

Explain basic avalanche safety precautions and the responsibilities people have when traveling in avalanche terrain.

Helpful Tips

• Check avalanche forecasts before entering backcountry areas.
• Avoid slopes with dangerous avalanche conditions.
• Travel with experienced people when possible.
• Carry an avalanche transceiver, probe, and shovel in avalanche terrain.
• Practice using avalanche rescue equipment before an emergency occurs.
• Watch for signs such as recent avalanches, cracking snow, or collapsing snow.
• Travel one person at a time across higher-risk slopes.
• Keep communication open within the group.
• Have a plan for emergencies before starting the trip.
• Turn around if conditions become unsafe.
• Every person is responsible for making safe decisions.
• Avalanche safety depends on preparation, awareness, and good judgment.

Resources

• How to Reduce Avalanche Risk (video)

Leader Tips

• Use maps, photos, or videos to discuss avalanche terrain.
• Demonstrate the purpose of avalanche rescue equipment.
• Emphasize decision-making and risk management.
• Remind Scouts that avoiding avalanches is safer than relying on rescue skills.

Requirement 7A-1: Ski Maintenance and DIN Settings

What You Need To Do

Show how to wax and maintain skis and how to care for release bindings. Explain the DIN setting system and why proper binding adjustment is important.

Helpful Tips

• Ski wax helps skis glide smoothly across snow.
• Different waxes are used for different snow temperatures.
• Keep ski bases clean and free of damage.
• Sharp edges help with turning and control.
• Check bindings regularly for damage or wear.
• Release bindings help reduce injuries during falls.
• DIN settings control how easily bindings release.
• DIN settings are based on weight, height, boot size, age, and skiing ability.
• Incorrect DIN settings can increase injury risk.
• Binding adjustments should be made by trained technicians.

Resources

• How to Wax Skis (video)
• How to Test Ski Bindings (video)
• Ski Binding DIN Settings (video)

Leader Tips

• Show examples of ski maintenance tools.
• Discuss the purpose of ski wax and edge care.
• Review the factors used to determine DIN settings.
• Stress the importance of professional binding adjustments.

Requirement 7A-2: American Teaching System

What You Need To Do

Explain the American Teaching System and describe the basic progression used to teach new skiers.

Helpful Tips

• The American Teaching System is commonly called ATS.
• ATS uses a step-by-step approach to teaching skiing.
• Beginners start on gentle terrain.
• Early skills focus on balance, movement, and stopping.
• New skiers practice the wedge position for control.
• Turning skills are added as confidence improves.
• Skills build on previous lessons.
• Practice and repetition help improve technique.
• Progression allows skiers to advance safely.
• Instructors adjust lessons based on ability and experience.

Resources

• American Teaching System Skill Levels (PDF)

Leader Tips

• Discuss how skiing skills build over time.
• Encourage Scouts to describe the progression in order.
• Connect each new skill to the previous one.
• Emphasize safe learning on appropriate terrain.

Requirement 7A-3: Types of Alpine Skis

What You Need To Do

Discuss the five main types of Alpine skis. Demonstrate two safe methods for carrying skis and poles.

Helpful Tips

• Carving skis are designed for groomed slopes and precise turns.
• All-mountain skis work in a variety of snow conditions.
• Powder skis are wider and perform well in deep snow.
• Freestyle skis are used for jumps, rails, and terrain parks.
• Racing skis are built for speed and competition.
• The over-the-shoulder carry places skis on one shoulder with poles in one hand.
• The A-frame carry crosses the skis and carries them with one hand.
• Keep ski tips pointed away from other people.
• Watch for crowded areas when carrying equipment.
• Secure loose equipment before walking.

Resources

• Types of Alpine Skis (video)
• How to Carry Skis (video)

Leader Tips

• Show pictures or examples of different ski types.
• Discuss where each type of ski performs best.
• Have Scouts practice both carrying methods.
• Reinforce safe equipment handling around others.

Requirement 7A-4: Riding Ski Lifts

What You Need To Do

Demonstrate how to ride one type of ski lift and explain how to ride two others.

Helpful Tips

• Chairlifts carry skiers while seated above the ground.
• Gondolas use enclosed cabins for transportation.
• T-bars pull skiers uphill while standing.
• Follow directions from lift attendants.
• Move quickly through loading and unloading areas.
• Keep equipment under control near lift lines.
• Lower the safety bar when riding a chairlift.
• Face forward and remain seated during the ride.
• Clear the unloading area immediately after exiting.
• Ask for assistance if you are unsure about lift procedures.

Resources

• Ski Lifts and How to Ride Them (video)

Leader Tips

• Review lift safety rules before skiing.
• Discuss different lift types found at ski areas.
• Practice loading and unloading procedures when possible.
• Emphasize awareness around moving equipment.

Requirement 7A-5: Beginning Ski Maneuvers

What You Need To Do

Demonstrate basic skiing skills on a gentle slope, including the straight run, gliding wedge, wedge stop, sidestep, and herringbone.

Helpful Tips

• A straight run involves gliding downhill with skis parallel.
• A gliding wedge uses ski tips closer together than the tails.
• A wedge stop slows and stops the skier.
• Sidestepping moves a skier sideways up a slope.
• Herringbone helps climb steeper slopes.
• Keep your knees slightly bent.
• Look where you want to travel.
• Maintain balance over the center of your skis.
• Start on gentle terrain.
• Practice each maneuver several times.

Resources

• Beginner’s Guide – The Gear (video)
• Beginner’s Guide – Basic Moves (video)
• Beginner’s Guide – Getting Around (video)

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate each maneuver before evaluation.
• Encourage controlled movements rather than speed.
• Allow plenty of practice time.
• Focus on balance and proper body position.

Requirement 7A-6: Linked Wedge Turns

What You Need To Do

Show linked wedge turns on slightly steeper terrain.

Helpful Tips

• Linked turns connect one turn smoothly to the next.
• Use the wedge position to control speed.
• Shift weight gradually from one ski to the other.
• Look ahead instead of directly at your skis.
• Complete each turn before starting the next one.
• Keep your hands in front of your body.
• Maintain a balanced stance throughout the run.
• Control speed through turning rather than braking.
• Practice rhythm and consistency.
• Use terrain that matches your ability level.

Resources

• How to Do Linked Wedge Turns (video)
• The Wedge Turn (video)

Leader Tips

• Encourage smooth transitions between turns.
• Watch for balanced body position.
• Focus on control rather than speed.
• Use terrain appropriate for the Scout’s skill level.

Requirement 7A-7: Christie Turns

What You Need To Do

Demonstrate five to ten christie turns on a moderate slope.

Helpful Tips

• A christie begins in a wedge and finishes with parallel skis.
• Christie turns improve turning efficiency.
• Balance remains centered during the turn.
• Gradual edging helps control direction.
• Keep movements smooth and controlled.
• Look ahead through the turn.
• Maintain a steady pace.
• Use pole position for balance.
• Practice on moderate terrain.
• Consistent turns show good control.

Resources

• How to Do Christies (video)

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate the difference between wedge turns and christies.
• Watch for parallel ski finishes.
• Encourage smooth edging movements.
• Focus on control and confidence.

Requirement 7A-8: Intermediate Slope Run

What You Need To Do

Make a controlled run down an intermediate slope.

Helpful Tips

• Intermediate slopes are often marked with a blue square.
• Maintain control throughout the run.
• Adjust speed to match conditions.
• Watch for other skiers and snowboarders.
• Use turns to manage speed.
• Stay alert for changing terrain.
• Follow trail markings and signs.
• Keep a balanced athletic stance.
• Plan your route before starting.
• Stop only where you are visible to others.

Resources

• Making a Controlled Run (video)

Leader Tips

• Verify the slope matches the Scout’s skill level.
• Observe overall control and awareness.
• Encourage good trail etiquette.
• Discuss decisions made during the run.

Requirement 7A-9: Skiing in Varied Conditions

What You Need To Do

Demonstrate the ability to ski in changing terrain and snow conditions while maintaining balance and control.

Helpful Tips

• Snow conditions can include packed snow, powder, or icy areas.
• Slopes may become steeper or flatter during a run.
• Balance helps manage changing conditions.
• Adjust turning technique as conditions change.
• Keep your weight centered over your skis.
• Stay flexible and ready to react.
• Look ahead for changes in terrain.
• Reduce speed when conditions become challenging.
• Maintain control at all times.
• Practice in a variety of conditions when possible.

Resources

• Skiing in Variable Snow Conditions (video)

Leader Tips

• Discuss how conditions affect skiing technique.
• Encourage Scouts to identify changes in terrain.
• Focus on balance and adaptability.
• Reinforce safe decision-making.

Requirement 7A-10: Ski Organizations

What You Need To Do

Name the major ski organizations in the United States and explain their functions.

Helpful Tips

• The National Ski Areas Association (NSAA) supports ski area operations.
• NSAA promotes safety and environmental stewardship.
• U.S. Ski & Snowboard is the national governing body for competitive skiing and snowboarding.
• U.S. Ski & Snowboard manages national teams and competitions.
• PSIA-AASI trains and certifies ski and snowboard instructors.
• These organizations provide education and safety resources.
• They support athletes, instructors, ski areas, and participants.
• Many organizations develop training programs.
• Safety remains a major focus of their work.
• Their programs help improve snow sports across the country.

Resources

• Professional Ski Instructors of America (PSIA) (video)
• U.S. Ski & Snowboard (video)
• National Ski Patrol (video)

Leader Tips

• Review the purpose of each organization.
• Discuss how these groups support snow sports participants.
• Encourage Scouts to connect organizations with their functions.
• Focus on practical examples of each group’s work.

Requirement 7B-1: Cross-Country Ski Equipment

What You Need To Do

Show how to choose, use, and maintain cross-country ski equipment for safety and comfort.

Helpful Tips

• Cross-country skis are longer and lighter than downhill skis.
• Boots should fit comfortably without being too loose.
• Bindings should be compatible with your boots.
• Poles help with balance and propulsion.
• Check equipment before each outing.
• Keep skis clean and dry after use.
• Inspect bindings for wear or damage.
• Dress in layers for changing conditions.
• Carry extra clothing on longer trips.
• Well-maintained equipment performs better on the trail.

Resources

• How to Choose Cross-Country Skis (video)

Leader Tips

• Review the purpose of each piece of equipment.
• Discuss proper fit and adjustment.
• Demonstrate basic equipment care.
• Encourage regular equipment inspections.

Requirement 7B-2: Trail Rules

What You Need To Do

Explain common rules used on cross-country ski trails and why they help keep trails safe and enjoyable.

Helpful Tips

• Walking damages groomed ski tracks.
• Skiers move more smoothly when tracks stay intact.
• One-way trail sections reduce collisions.
• Pets can interfere with skiers and trail conditions.
• Snowmobile trails may have different hazards and traffic patterns.
• Follow posted trail signs.
• Stay aware of other trail users.
• Yield when required by local rules.
• Respect trail closures.
• Good trail etiquette helps everyone enjoy the experience.

Leader Tips

• Discuss local trail rules.
• Use examples to explain the reasons behind each rule.
• Encourage respect for shared outdoor spaces.
• Review trail signs commonly found in your area.

Requirement 7B-3: Types of Nordic Skis

What You Need To Do

Discuss classic, skating, touring, and telemark skis.

Helpful Tips

• Classic skis are used in groomed tracks.
• Skating skis are designed for a side-to-side skating motion.
• Touring skis work well for recreational trail travel.
• Telemark skis allow free-heel downhill turns.
• Classic skiing uses a forward gliding motion.
• Skate skiing is generally faster than classic skiing.
• Touring skis are often wider than classic skis.
• Telemark skiing combines Nordic and downhill techniques.
• Different ski types match different conditions.
• Choosing the right ski improves performance and comfort.

Resources

• Types of Cross Country Skis (video)

Leader Tips

• Show examples or photos of each ski type.
• Compare where each ski performs best.
• Discuss how ski design affects movement.
• Encourage Scouts to identify key differences.

Requirement 7B-4: Waxing Principles

What You Need To Do

Discuss the basic principles of waxing cross-country skis.

Helpful Tips

• Wax helps skis glide efficiently across snow.
• Different temperatures require different waxes.
• Glide wax is applied to improve movement.
• Grip wax helps provide traction during classic skiing.
• Clean skis before applying wax.
• Follow manufacturer recommendations.
• Store wax in a dry location.
• Reapply wax as conditions change.
• Proper waxing improves performance.
• Well-waxed skis are easier to control.

Resources

• How to Wax Cross-Country Skis (video)

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate different wax types if available.
• Discuss how snow temperature affects wax choice.
• Review basic ski care procedures.
• Focus on practical applications.

Requirement 7B-5: Nordic and Alpine Skiing Differences

What You Need To Do

Discuss the differences between cross-country skiing, backcountry skiing, ski touring, ski mountaineering, and downhill or telemark skiing.

Helpful Tips

• Cross-country skiing usually takes place on groomed trails.
• Backcountry skiing takes place away from groomed areas.
• Ski touring involves traveling longer distances on skis.
• Ski mountaineering combines skiing and mountain travel.
• Downhill skiing focuses on descending slopes.
• Telemark skiing uses a free-heel binding system.
• Backcountry travel often requires additional safety equipment.
• Ski mountaineering may involve climbing techniques.
• Terrain varies greatly among these activities.
• Each activity requires specific skills and equipment.

Resources

• Styles of Cross-Country Skiing (video)
• What is Telemark Skiing? (video)

Leader Tips

• Compare the terrain used for each activity.
• Discuss equipment differences.
• Review safety considerations.
• Encourage Scouts to identify unique features of each discipline.

Requirement 7B-6: One-Day Ski Tour Gear

What You Need To Do

List the items needed for a one-day cross-country ski tour.

Helpful Tips

• Carry water for hydration.
• Pack extra snacks or meals.
• Bring an extra clothing layer.
• Include gloves and a warm hat.
• Carry a trail map.
• Bring a compass.
• Pack a small first aid kit.
• Carry sunscreen and lip balm.
• Bring emergency contact information.
• Pack repair items if appropriate for the trip.

Resources

• Gear Checklist for a Day Tour (video)

Leader Tips

• Discuss how conditions affect gear choices.
• Encourage Scouts to justify each item.
• Review emergency preparedness.
• Compare gear lists for different weather conditions.

Requirement 7B-7: Map and Compass Skills

What You Need To Do

Demonstrate the proper use of a topographic map and compass.

Helpful Tips

• Topographic maps use contour lines to show elevation.
• Close contour lines indicate steeper terrain.
• A compass helps determine direction.
• Orient the map before navigating.
• Match map features to terrain features.
• Identify landmarks along your route.
• Use bearings to travel accurately.
• Practice navigation before longer trips.
• Carry both a map and compass.
• Protect maps from moisture.

Resources

• How to Read a Topographic Map (video)
• How to Use a Compass (video)
• How to Use a Topographic Map and Compass (video)

Leader Tips

• Practice navigation outdoors.
• Review contour lines and map symbols.
• Demonstrate basic compass use.
• Encourage hands-on practice.

Requirement 7B-8: Basic Ski Control Skills

What You Need To Do

Demonstrate basic techniques for controlling speed and direction on a gentle slope.

Helpful Tips

• A straight run involves gliding downhill.
• Traversing moves across a slope.
• A side slip helps control descent.
• Step turns change direction gradually.
• A wedge stop slows and stops the skier.
• Wedge turns help control direction and speed.
• Maintain balance over your skis.
• Bend your knees slightly.
• Look ahead while skiing.
• Practice each skill on easy terrain.

Resources

• How to Control Speed and Direction (video)

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate each maneuver clearly.
• Allow time for repeated practice.
• Focus on control rather than speed.
• Encourage proper body position.

Requirement 7B-9: Efficient Propulsion

What You Need To Do

Demonstrate effective propulsion on a cross-country trail.

Helpful Tips

• Shift weight fully from one ski to the other.
• Use poles to assist forward movement.
• Coordinate arm and leg movements.
• Maintain a steady rhythm.
• Allow skis to glide between pushes.
• Keep movements smooth and efficient.
• Avoid taking short, choppy strides.
• Stay balanced over the gliding ski.
• Proper technique reduces fatigue.
• Practice regularly to improve efficiency.

Resources

• Basic Moves on Cross-Country Skis (video)

Leader Tips

• Watch for complete weight transfer.
• Review pole timing and rhythm.
• Encourage smooth gliding movements.
• Focus on technique before speed.

Requirement 7B-10: Four-Mile Ski Tour

What You Need To Do

Demonstrate your ability to complete a four-mile ski tour while handling a variety of snow conditions.

Helpful Tips

• Pace yourself throughout the tour.
• Stay hydrated during longer outings.
• Adjust technique as conditions change.
• Watch for icy, packed, or soft snow.
• Dress in layers for comfort.
• Follow the planned route.
• Use proper trail etiquette.
• Monitor weather conditions.
• Maintain control on descents.
• Stay aware of your surroundings.

Resources

• Skiing on Varied Conditions (video)

Leader Tips

• Verify the route matches the Scout’s ability level.
• Discuss changing snow conditions during the tour.
• Encourage good pacing and preparation.
• Observe safety and trail awareness.

Requirement 7B-11: Steep Hills and Difficult Conditions

What You Need To Do

Demonstrate techniques used for steep hills and challenging conditions.

Helpful Tips

• Traversing helps move across a steep slope.
• Kick turns help change direction on hills.
• Sidestepping helps climb steep sections.
• Pole drags can help control speed downhill.
• A ski-pole glissade provides extra support during descents.
• Balance is important on uneven terrain.
• Move carefully on steep slopes.
• Keep poles ready for support.
• Adjust technique to match conditions.
• Practice these skills on suitable terrain.

Resources

• Dealing With Hills (video)

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate each technique before evaluation.
• Use terrain appropriate for the Scout’s skill level.
• Focus on balance and control.
• Encourage patience and careful movement.

Requirement 7C-1: Forward-Fall Injuries

What You Need To Do

Discuss common forward-fall injuries that can occur while snowboarding and ways to reduce the risk of injury.

Helpful Tips

• Forward falls are common for beginning snowboarders.
• Wrists are often injured when riders reach out to break a fall.
• Shoulder injuries can occur during hard impacts.
• Facial injuries may happen if a rider falls forward unexpectedly.
• Helmets help protect against head injuries.
• Wrist guards can reduce the risk of wrist injuries.
• Bend your knees to maintain better balance.
• Practice safe falling techniques during lessons.
• Stay within your ability level.
• Controlled speed helps reduce fall severity.

Resources

• How to Fall on a Snowboard (video)

Leader Tips

• Discuss common beginner mistakes.
• Review protective equipment used by snowboarders.
• Encourage proper falling techniques.
• Emphasize prevention through skill development.

Requirement 7C-2: Snowboard Equipment

What You Need To Do

Show how to select and use snowboard equipment for safety and comfort.

Helpful Tips

• Snowboards come in different lengths and styles.
• Boots should fit snugly and comfortably.
• Bindings should match the snowboard and boots.
• Helmets help protect against head injuries.
• Goggles improve visibility and eye protection.
• Clothing should keep you warm and dry.
• Equipment should match your size and ability level.
• Check gear before each outing.
• Replace damaged equipment when necessary.
• Proper fit improves control and comfort.

Resources

• Selecting Snowboard Equipment (video)

Leader Tips

• Review each piece of equipment.
• Discuss proper sizing and fit.
• Encourage equipment inspections.
• Connect equipment choices to safety.

Requirement 7C-3: Bindings and Leashes

What You Need To Do

Show how to use and maintain snowboard bindings. Explain different binding systems and the purpose of a leash.

Helpful Tips

• Bindings connect boots to the snowboard.
• Strap bindings use adjustable straps over the boots.
• Rear-entry bindings allow entry from the back.
• Step-in systems use special boots and bindings.
• Check hardware regularly for loose parts.
• Keep bindings clean and free of ice buildup.
• Proper adjustment improves control.
• A leash helps prevent a loose snowboard from sliding downhill.
• Inspect straps and buckles for wear.
• Follow manufacturer recommendations for maintenance.

Resources

• How to Adjust Bindings (video)

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate basic binding adjustments.
• Compare different binding systems.
• Discuss leash requirements at local resorts.
• Review regular equipment maintenance.

Requirement 7C-4: Types of Snowboards

What You Need To Do

Discuss the four main types of snowboards and demonstrate how to carry a snowboard safely.

Helpful Tips

• All-mountain snowboards work in many conditions.
• Freestyle snowboards are designed for tricks and terrain parks.
• Freeride snowboards perform well in ungroomed terrain.
• Alpine snowboards focus on carving and speed.
• Different boards are built for different riding styles.
• Carry a snowboard with one hand on the binding.
• Keep the board close to your body.
• Watch for other people when carrying equipment.
• Avoid swinging the board while walking.
• Set the board down carefully.

Resources

• Types of Snowboards (video)

Leader Tips

• Show examples of different snowboard types.
• Discuss where each board performs best.
• Have Scouts practice carrying techniques.
• Reinforce awareness around other people.

Requirement 7C-5: Riding Lifts

What You Need To Do

Demonstrate how to ride one type of lift and explain how to ride two others.

Helpful Tips

• Chairlifts are common at ski resorts.
• Gondolas use enclosed cabins.
• Surface lifts include T-bars and magic carpets.
• Follow directions from lift attendants.
• Keep equipment under control in lift lines.
• Move quickly through loading areas.
• Sit properly on chairlifts.
• Lower the safety bar when appropriate.
• Exit promptly at unloading areas.
• Ask for help if you are unsure of procedures.

Resources

• Ski Lifts and How to Ride Them (video)

Leader Tips

• Review lift safety before riding.
• Discuss different lift types.
• Practice loading and unloading when possible.
• Encourage attention to posted instructions.

Requirement 7C-6: Waxing a Snowboard

What You Need To Do

Demonstrate the basic principles of waxing a snowboard.

Helpful Tips

• Wax helps the snowboard glide over snow.
• Different waxes are designed for different temperatures.
• Clean the base before waxing.
• Apply wax evenly across the base.
• Remove excess wax after it cools.
• Regular waxing improves performance.
• A well-maintained base lasts longer.
• Inspect the base for scratches or damage.
• Store wax in a dry location.
• Follow manufacturer recommendations.

Resources

• How to Wax a Snowboard (video)

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate the waxing process.
• Discuss temperature-specific waxes.
• Review basic snowboard maintenance.
• Focus on safe tool use.

Requirement 7C-7: Beginning Snowboarding Maneuvers

What You Need To Do

Demonstrate beginning snowboarding skills on a gentle slope, including sideslipping and other methods of controlling speed and direction.

Helpful Tips

• Sideslipping helps control speed on a slope.
• Use edge control to regulate movement.
• Keep your knees bent.
• Maintain balance over the board.
• Look in the direction of travel.
• Practice stopping on both edges.
• Start on beginner terrain.
• Keep movements smooth and controlled.
• Use proper body position.
• Repeat skills until they become comfortable.

Resources

• Beginning Snowboard Maneuvers (video)
• How to Make Your Board Go Straight (video)
• Maneuvering Hills & Traversing the Slope (video)

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate each maneuver clearly.
• Allow time for practice.
• Focus on control rather than speed.
• Encourage balanced body position.

Requirement 7C-8: Traversing

What You Need To Do

Demonstrate traversing on slightly steeper terrain.

Helpful Tips

• Traversing moves across a slope rather than directly downhill.
• Edge control is important during a traverse.
• Keep your weight balanced.
• Look ahead along your path.
• Maintain a comfortable speed.
• Use gentle movements.
• Stay aware of other riders.
• Practice in both directions.
• Control speed through edging.
• Choose terrain that matches your ability.

Resources

• How to Do an Ollie (video)
• How to Do a Nose-End Grab (video)
• How to Do a Wheelie (video)

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate proper edging techniques.
• Observe balance and control.
• Encourage smooth movement.
• Use appropriate terrain.

Requirement 7C-9: Ollie, Grab, and Wheelie

What You Need To Do

Demonstrate an Ollie, a nose-end grab, and a wheelie on a moderate slope.

Helpful Tips

• An Ollie lifts the board off the snow.
• A nose-end grab involves grabbing the board during movement.
• A wheelie lifts one end of the board while riding.
• Start with small movements.
• Maintain balance throughout each maneuver.
• Practice on suitable terrain.
• Keep speed under control.
• Wear proper safety equipment.
• Focus on technique before height or distance.
• Stop and reset if you lose balance.

Resources

• Making a Controlled Run (video)

Leader Tips

• Review safety before attempting tricks.
• Demonstrate proper technique.
• Encourage gradual progression.
• Focus on control and balance.

Requirement 7C-10: Intermediate Slope and Varied Conditions

What You Need To Do

Make a controlled run down an intermediate slope and demonstrate riding in different snow and terrain conditions.

Helpful Tips

• Intermediate slopes are often marked with a blue square.
• Maintain control throughout the run.
• Adjust technique as conditions change.
• Ride safely through packed snow, softer snow, and moguls.
• Use turns to manage speed.
• Keep your weight centered.
• Stay alert for terrain changes.
• Look ahead while riding.
• Adapt to changing slope angles.
• Balance and control remain important in all conditions.

Resources

• Types of Snow Conditions (video)

Leader Tips

• Observe overall control and awareness.
• Discuss adjustments made for changing conditions.
• Encourage safe speed choices.
• Focus on consistent technique.

Requirement 7C-11: Snowboarding Organizations

What You Need To Do

Name the major snowboarding organizations in the United States and explain their functions.

Helpful Tips

• U.S. Ski & Snowboard is the national governing body for competitive snowboarding.
• It oversees national teams and competitions.
• PSIA-AASI trains and certifies snowboard instructors.
• Many resorts use PSIA-AASI teaching standards.
• The National Ski Areas Association supports ski and snowboard resorts.
• These organizations promote safety and education.
• They provide training resources.
• They support athletes and instructors.
• They help establish industry standards.
• Their work supports the growth of snow sports.

Resources

• American Association of Snowboarding Instructors (video)

Leader Tips

• Review the purpose of each organization.
• Connect organizations to real-world examples.
• Encourage Scouts to match groups with their functions.
• Discuss how these organizations support participants.

Requirement 7D-1: Parts of a Snowshoe

What You Need To Do

Name the main parts of a snowshoe and explain what each part does.

Helpful Tips

• The frame provides the basic shape and support.
• The decking spreads weight over the snow.
• Bindings attach your boots to the snowshoe.
• Toe crampons provide traction on snow and ice.
• Heel crampons add grip on steeper terrain.
• The pivot allows the snowshoe to move naturally while walking.
• Some snowshoes include heel lifts for climbing.
• Modern snowshoes are often made from lightweight materials.
• Different parts work together to improve flotation and traction.
• Knowing the parts helps with proper use and maintenance.

Resources

• How to Choose Snowshoes (video)

Leader Tips

• Show actual snowshoes if available.
• Point out each part during the discussion.
• Explain how the parts work together.
• Encourage Scouts to identify parts on their own equipment.

Requirement 7D-2: Choosing Snowshoe Size

What You Need To Do

Explain how to choose the correct snowshoe size for different conditions and users.

Helpful Tips

• Snowshoe size depends on total weight.
• Total weight includes your body weight and gear.
• Larger snowshoes provide more flotation.
• Deep powder often requires larger snowshoes.
• Packed trails may allow smaller snowshoes.
• Manufacturers provide recommended weight ranges.
• Terrain can affect size selection.
• Heavier loads require more flotation.
• Recreational snowshoes come in several sizes.
• Proper sizing helps reduce sinking into the snow.

Leader Tips

• Review manufacturer sizing charts.
• Discuss how snow conditions affect size choices.
• Compare several snowshoe sizes.
• Connect flotation to surface area.

Requirement 7D-3: Types of Snowshoes

What You Need To Do

Describe different types of snowshoes and discuss factors used when selecting a pair.

Helpful Tips

• Recreational snowshoes are designed for easy trails.
• Backcountry snowshoes are built for rough terrain.
• Running snowshoes are lightweight and narrow.
• Mountaineering snowshoes provide extra traction.
• Snow conditions affect snowshoe choice.
• Terrain influences the type needed.
• User weight is an important factor.
• Binding design varies among models.
• Traction features differ by intended use.
• Comfort and fit are important considerations.

Leader Tips

• Compare several snowshoe styles.
• Discuss where each type works best.
• Review common selection factors.
• Encourage Scouts to match equipment to conditions.

Requirement 7D-4: Snowshoe Maintenance

What You Need To Do

Explain how to care for and maintain snowshoes.

Helpful Tips

• Clean snowshoes after each outing.
• Remove dirt and road salt.
• Allow equipment to dry completely.
• Check bindings for wear or damage.
• Inspect crampons regularly.
• Tighten loose hardware when needed.
• Store snowshoes in a dry location.
• Avoid long-term exposure to direct sunlight.
• Replace damaged parts when necessary.
• Regular maintenance extends equipment life.

Resources

• How to Repair Snowshoes (video)
• How to Store Snowshoes (video)

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate a basic equipment inspection.
• Discuss common maintenance issues.
• Encourage routine care after every trip.
• Review safe storage practices.

Requirement 7D-5: One-Day Snowshoe Hike Gear

What You Need To Do

List the items needed for a one-day snowshoe hike.

Helpful Tips

• Carry plenty of water.
• Pack extra food or snacks.
• Bring extra clothing layers.
• Carry gloves and a warm hat.
• Include a map and compass.
• Pack a small first aid kit.
• Bring sunscreen and lip balm.
• Carry emergency contact information.
• Pack a flashlight or headlamp.
• Include emergency supplies appropriate for conditions.

Resources

• What to Bring Snowshoeing (video)
• What to Wear Snowshoeing (video)

Leader Tips

• Compare gear lists for different weather conditions.
• Discuss emergency preparedness.
• Encourage Scouts to explain why each item is useful.
• Review the importance of extra layers.

Requirement 7D-6: Snowshoeing Areas and Backcountry Travel

What You Need To Do

Describe good places for snowshoeing and discuss advantages and dangers of backcountry snowshoeing.

Helpful Tips

• Snowshoeing works well on snowy trails and open areas.
• Parks and forests often provide good snowshoe routes.
• Backcountry areas offer solitude and natural scenery.
• Deep snow can make travel more difficult.
• Navigation may be challenging in remote areas.
• Weather can change quickly.
• Avalanche danger may exist in some locations.
• Emergency help may be far away.
• Proper planning improves safety.
• Travel with others whenever possible.

Resources

• Where and How to Snowshoe Safely (video)

Leader Tips

• Discuss local snowshoeing opportunities.
• Review backcountry hazards.
• Encourage careful trip planning.
• Emphasize group travel and preparedness.

Requirement 7D-7: Benefits of Snowshoeing

What You Need To Do

Discuss the benefits of snowshoeing.

Helpful Tips

• Snowshoeing provides good cardiovascular exercise.
• It strengthens leg and core muscles.
• It allows access to snowy areas during winter.
• It can be enjoyed by many age groups.
• Equipment is relatively simple to use.
• Snowshoeing can be a social activity.
• It encourages outdoor recreation during winter.
• It helps build endurance.
• It provides opportunities to observe nature.
• It can be adapted to many skill levels.

Resources

• Benefits of Snowshoeing (video)

Leader Tips

• Encourage Scouts to share personal experiences.
• Discuss both fitness and outdoor benefits.
• Connect snowshoeing to year-round outdoor activity.
• Highlight the accessibility of the sport.

Requirement 7D-8: Snowshoe Travel Techniques

What You Need To Do

Demonstrate efficient methods for breaking trail, climbing, descending, and traversing slopes.

Helpful Tips

• Breaking trail requires extra effort in deep snow.
• Take shorter turns when leading a group.
• Lift your feet slightly wider than normal.
• Use traction devices when climbing.
• Lean slightly forward while going uphill.
• Take shorter steps on steep terrain.
• Keep your weight centered while descending.
• Use poles for added balance.
• Traverse slopes carefully.
• Adjust techniques to match snow conditions.

Resources

• How to Break Trail (video)
• How to Snowshoe on Hills (video)
• How to Sidestep (video)

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate each technique before practice.
• Use terrain suitable for the Scout’s ability level.
• Focus on balance and efficiency.
• Encourage safe movement on slopes.

Requirement 7D-9: Two-Mile Snowshoe Hike

What You Need To Do

Demonstrate the ability to complete a two-mile snowshoe hike while handling a variety of snow conditions.

Helpful Tips

• Pace yourself during the hike.
• Stay hydrated throughout the trip.
• Adjust your stride for changing snow conditions.
• Watch for icy or uneven areas.
• Dress in layers for comfort.
• Follow the planned route.
• Maintain awareness of weather conditions.
• Use proper trail etiquette.
• Take breaks when needed.
• Keep equipment properly adjusted.

Resources

• How to Travel Cross-Country on Snowshoes (video)

Leader Tips

• Choose a route appropriate for the Scout’s experience.
• Observe technique and endurance.
• Discuss changing conditions during the hike.
• Encourage preparation and planning.

Requirement 7D-10: Map and Compass Skills

What You Need To Do

Demonstrate the proper use of a topographic map and compass.

Helpful Tips

• Topographic maps show elevation with contour lines.
• Close contour lines indicate steeper terrain.
• A compass helps determine direction.
• Orient the map before navigating.
• Identify landmarks along your route.
• Match map features to terrain features.
• Use bearings for accurate travel.
• Carry both a map and compass.
• Protect maps from snow and moisture.
• Practice navigation skills regularly.

Resources

• How to Read a Topographic Map (video)
• How to Use a Compass (video)
• How to Use a Topographic Map and Compass (video)

Leader Tips

• Practice navigation outdoors when possible.
• Review contour lines and map symbols.
• Demonstrate taking and following bearings.
• Encourage hands-on navigation exercises.

Scouts BSA Winter Camping Troop Program Feature

The Winter Camping Troop Program Feature helps Scouts learn how to enjoy camping in cold weather while staying safe and comfortable. Scouts practice important skills like staying warm, understanding wind chill, and building snow shelters. Activities include learning about clothing materials, making simple high-calorie foods, and preparing for emergencies like hypothermia or avalanches. These skills not only help with winter camping but also support earning the Snow Sports merit badge by teaching how to stay safe and enjoy winter activities.

The program includes fun games, Scoutmaster’s minutes, and challenges for different skill levels. For the main event, Scouts can choose a day activity in the snow, an overnight winter campout, or building and sleeping in a snow cave or igloo. These adventures are great opportunities to practice teamwork, learn new skills, and experience the outdoors. Scouts working on the Snow Sports merit badge will also benefit from these cold-weather survival lessons.

What is the Snow Sports Merit Badge?

The Snow Sports Merit Badge is a badge offered by the Boy Scouts of America that focuses on winter sports activities such as skiing, snowboarding, and snowshoeing. It is designed to teach Scouts the skills and knowledge necessary to safely participate in these activities and to promote a lifelong love of snow sports.

Who can earn the Snow Sports Merit Badge?

The Snow Sports Merit Badge is open to all registered Scouts BSA who meet the requirements and have the necessary physical abilities to participate in snow sports activities. Scouts must also have the approval and guidance of their Scoutmaster or other qualified adult leader.

How do I get started on earning the Snow Sports Merit Badge?

To get started on earning the Snow Sports Merit Badge, you should first review the requirements. Familiarize yourself with the different snow sports activities covered by the badge and determine which ones you are interested in pursuing. Then, work with your Snow Sports merit badge counselor to create a plan for completing the requirements.

Can I earn the Snow Sports Merit Badge on my own, or do I need to participate in a group?

The Snow Sports Merit Badge can be completed individually. However you need to meet with your Snow Sports merit badge counselor before starting any activities to ensure that safety requirements are met.

Do I need to have prior experience in snow sports to earn the Snow Sports Merit Badge?

No prior experience in snow sports is required to earn the Snow Sports Merit Badge. The badge is designed to teach Scouts the necessary skills and knowledge from the ground up. However, it is important to have a basic level of physical fitness and coordination to participate in snow sports activities.

Are there any age restrictions for earning the Snow Sports Merit Badge?

There are no specific age restrictions for earning the Snow Sports Merit Badge. However, Scouts should have the physical abilities and maturity level necessary to participate in snow sports activities safely. Consult with your Snow Sports merit badge counselor to determine if you are ready to pursue the badge.

Can I earn the Snow Sports Merit Badge in any season?

The Snow Sports Merit Badge is primarily focused on winter sports activities, which are typically only available during the winter season when there is sufficient snow cover. However, some requirements, such as studying snow sports safety, can be completed at any time of the year.

Can I earn the Snow Sports Merit Badge at a ski resort or do I need to go to a specific location?

The Snow Sports Merit Badge can be earned at a ski resort or any location that offers the necessary snow sports activities. Ski resorts often have qualified instructors and facilities that cater to beginners, making them a convenient option for earning the badge. However, it is also possible to earn the Snow Sports merit badge at other locations, such as local snowshoeing trails or snowboarding parks.

How long does it take to earn the Snow Sports Merit Badge?

The time it takes to earn the Snow Sports Merit Badge can vary depending on individual progress and availability of snow sports activities. Some Scouts may be able to complete the requirements in a few weeks, while others may take several months. It is important to set realistic goals and work steadily towards completing the requirements.

Can I earn the Snow Sports Merit Badge multiple times?

While you can participate in snow sports activities as many times as you like, the Snow Sports Merit Badge can only be earned once. Once you have completed all the requirements and received the Snow Sports merit badge, you cannot earn it again.

Are there any additional costs associated with earning the Snow Sports Merit Badge?

Participating in snow sports activities may involve additional costs, such as equipment rentals, lift tickets, or lessons. These costs can vary depending on the location and the specific activities you choose to pursue. It is important to consider these costs and plan accordingly.

Can I earn the Snow Sports Merit Badge if I have a physical disability?

The Snow Sports Merit Badge is open to all registered Scouts BSA, regardless of physical ability. Scouts with physical disabilities may need to make adaptations or modifications to complete certain requirements. It is recommended to work with your Scoutmaster or other qualified adult leader to determine how to best accommodate your specific needs.

Can I earn the Snow Sports Merit Badge if I have a fear of heights or speed?

Having a fear of heights or speed does not necessarily prevent you from earning the Snow Sports Merit Badge. Many snow sports activities can be tailored to individual comfort levels, and instructors can provide guidance and support to help overcome fears. It is important to communicate your concerns with your instructor so they can provide appropriate accommodations.

Can I earn the Snow Sports Merit Badge if I live in an area without snow?

Living in an area without snow can make it more challenging to earn the Snow Sports Merit Badge. However, some requirements, such as studying snow sports safety and learning about different snow sports activities, can still be completed. You may need to travel to a location with snow or participate in snow sports activities during a winter trip or campout. It is recommended to consult with your Snow Sports merit badge counselor to explore alternative options.

The Snow Sports merit badge is a fun way for Scouts to explore skiing, snowboarding, or other winter sports. It helps Scouts build new skills while improving their technique. Whether they are beginners or already experienced, this badge challenges them to push their abilities to the next level.

Scouts who work on the Snow Sports merit badge also learn about safety on the slopes. They study how to stay warm, avoid injuries, and handle emergencies. These lessons make winter activities safer and more enjoyable for everyone.

The badge also encourages Scouts to set goals and practice to improve. They experience the rewards of hard work while gaining confidence in their abilities. These lessons go beyond sports and help them in everyday life.

Earning the Snow Sports merit badge is also about having fun. Scouts enjoy time with friends or family while exploring the outdoors. It’s a chance to build memories, develop skills, and foster a love for winter sports that can last a lifetime.