Small Boat Sailing Merit Badge

Free Resources and Answers

Time: 2–4 weeks
Difficulty: Moderate
Setting: Lakes, calm waters
Best For: Scouts interested in sailing, water skills, teamwork
Hands-On Level: High
Eagle Required: No

The Small Boat Sailing merit badge helps you learn how to sail safely. You practice steering, setting the sails, and using the wind to move the boat. You also learn how to prepare for changing weather and handle common problems on the water.

As you work on this badge, you build confidence and learn to make good decisions. You may sail with a partner, so clear communication and teamwork are important. Each person has a job, whether steering the boat or adjusting the sails.

Sailing also gives you a chance to spend time outdoors and enjoy the water. You learn to respect nature, care for your equipment, and act responsibly. These skills can help you during future boating trips and in other parts of your life.

The requirements for the Small Boat Sailing merit badge were updated on January 1, 2026.

Download the Small Boat Sailing Merit Badge Requirements

Small Boat Sailing Merit Badge Workbook / Worksheet

Small Boat Sailing Merit Badge Check Off Sheet

Checklist for All Merit Badges

Help with Answers for Small Boat Sailing Merit Badge Requirements

Find specific helps for some of the Small Boat Sailing merit badge requirements listed below. Some of these resources will just give the answers. Others will provide engaging ways for older Scouts to introduce these concepts to new Scouts.

• Requirement 1: Hazards
• Requirement 2: Swim Test
• Requirement 3: Sailboat
• Requirement 4: Safety
• Requirement 5: Wind
• Requirement 6: Sail
• Requirement 7: Seamanship
• Requirement 8: Maintenance
• Requirement 9: Terminology
• More Resources

Requirement 1a: Small-Boat Hazards

What You Need To Do

Describe the hazards most likely to occur during small-boat sailing. Include ways to prepare for them, prevent problems, reduce harm, and respond during an emergency.

Helpful Tips

• Check the weather forecast before leaving shore.
• Watch for dark clouds, lightning, rising wind, and rough water.
• Return to shore before dangerous weather reaches the sailing area.
• Wear a properly fitted, U.S. Coast Guard-approved life jacket.
• Keep your weight low and balanced to help prevent a capsize.
• Stay with the boat after a capsize unless reaching shore is clearly safer.
• Watch for boats, swimmers, docks, rocks, and other obstacles.
• Follow navigation rules and keep a safe distance from other boats.
• Check the hull, sails, lines, tiller, centerboard, and safety gear before sailing.
• Carry drinking water, sun protection, and clothing suited for the weather.
• Use clear words when working with another sailor.
• Report injuries, damaged equipment, and unsafe conditions right away.

Resources

• Aquatics Safety (website)
• Environment, Rules Afloat and General Safety (video)

Leader Tips

• Use the sailing area to help Scouts identify real hazards.
• Ask Scouts for a prevention step and an emergency response for each hazard.
• Practice capsize recovery and emergency actions in a controlled setting.
• Include changing weather, collisions, equipment failure, and cold water in the discussion.

Requirement 1b: Injuries And Illnesses

What You Need To Do

Review the prevention, symptoms, and first-aid treatment for common injuries and illnesses linked to small-boat activities. Cover blisters, cold-water shock, hypothermia, dehydration, heat-related illnesses, sunburn, sprains, and strains.

Helpful Tips

• Prevent blisters by keeping hands dry and wearing gloves when needed.
• Cover a blister with a clean bandage or blister pad. Do not break it on purpose.
• Cold-water shock may cause gasping, rapid breathing, panic, and loss of muscle control.
• Keep your airway above water and control your breathing after entering cold water.
• Hypothermia may cause shivering, confusion, slurred speech, and poor coordination.
• Move a person with hypothermia to shelter, remove wet clothing, and add dry layers.
• Prevent dehydration by drinking water before and during the activity.
• Dry mouth, headache, dizziness, weakness, and dark urine may be signs of dehydration.
• Move a person with heat exhaustion to a cool place. Loosen clothing and provide water when the person is alert.
• Heatstroke may cause confusion, collapse, seizures, or very hot skin. Call emergency services and begin rapid cooling.
• Prevent sunburn with sunscreen, protective clothing, a hat, and sunglasses.
• Cool a mild sunburn with cool water or a damp cloth. Protect the skin from more sun.
• A sprain affects a ligament near a joint. A strain affects a muscle or tendon.
• Rest a sprain or strain, protect the area, apply a cold pack, and seek medical care for severe pain or swelling.

Resources

• Cold Water Shock (video)
• What Happens if You Don’t Drink Enough Water? (video)
• Dangers of Heat-Related Illnesses (video)
• What Causes Sunburns? (video)
• Sprain Care With RICE Method (video)

Leader Tips

• Use short first-aid situations instead of relying only on discussion.
• Have Scouts match each condition with its prevention, symptoms, and treatment.
• Stress the need for emergency help during heatstroke, severe hypothermia, or serious injury.
• Keep first-aid practice suited to the Scout’s training and skill level.

Requirement 1c: Safety Afloat

What You Need To Do

Discuss the nine points of Scouting America Safety Afloat. Describe how each point supports safe small-boat sailing activities.

Helpful Tips

• Qualified Supervision requires a trained adult age 21 or older to oversee the activity.
• Personal Health Review checks for health concerns before anyone goes afloat.
• Swimming Ability places participants in activities suited to their swimming classification.
• Life Jackets must fit properly and meet U.S. Coast Guard requirements.
• The Buddy System keeps participants paired and helps the group track everyone.
• Skill Proficiency requires practice with the boat, sailing skills, and emergency procedures.
• Planning covers weather, water conditions, routes, communication, and emergency action.
• Equipment must be suited to the activity and checked before use.
• Discipline requires everyone to follow instructions and safety rules.
• Adult leaders supervising boating activities must complete Safety Afloat training within the previous two years.
• Safety Afloat applies to authorized Scouting boating activities, including sailboats.
• Small-boat sailing plans should include capsize recovery, rescue support, and a safe return to shore.

Resources

• Safety Afloat (website)

Leader Tips

• Review Safety Afloat before Scouts prepare or launch a sailboat.
• Connect each point to a real part of the planned sailing activity.
• Ask Scouts to find missing safety steps in a sample sailing plan.
• Model careful planning, equipment checks, and steady supervision.

Requirement 2: Swimmer Test

What You Need To Do

Pass the Scouting America swimmer test before completing the sailing requirements listed after this one. The test checks your ability to enter deep water, swim 100 yards, and stay afloat.

Helpful Tips

• Practice each part of the test before test day.
• Jump feetfirst into water over your head.
• Level off and begin swimming without stopping.
• Swim 75 yards using the crawl, sidestroke, breaststroke, or trudgen.
• Use one or more of the approved strokes for the first 75 yards.
• Swim the final 25 yards using an easy resting backstroke.
• Keep your body moving through the full 100 yards.
• Finish by floating for one minute.
• Resting backstroke means using a slow stroke while staying on your back.
• Wear a swimsuit suited for swimming.
• Use goggles during practice when allowed.
• Ask the test supervisor about any local pool rules before starting.
• Review the Swimming merit badge pamphlet for full test details.

Resources

• Scouting America Swimmer test (website)
• Swimming Merit Badge (website)

Leader Tips

• Use a qualified person to give and record the swimmer test.
• Provide practice time for Scouts who need more swimming experience.
• Keep the test area clear and provide active supervision.
• Do not pressure a Scout who needs more time to prepare.

Requirement 3: Sailboat Parts

What You Need To Do

Describe the sailboat you will use for the sailing requirements. Name its major parts and give the purpose of each part.

Helpful Tips

• The hull is the main body of the boat and keeps it floating.
• The bow is the front of the boat.
• The stern is the back of the boat.
• The mast is the upright pole that supports the sails.
• The boom is the horizontal pole attached to the bottom of the mainsail.
• The mainsail is the main sail used to catch the wind.
• The jib is a smaller sail located in front of the mast.
• The rudder is the flat blade at the stern that helps turn the boat.
• The tiller is the handle connected to the rudder.
• Moving the tiller causes the boat to turn in the opposite direction.
• The centerboard or daggerboard extends below the hull and reduces sideways movement.
• Sheets are lines used to control the angle of the sails.
• Halyards are lines used to raise and lower the sails.
• Cleats hold lines in place.
• The boat must be able to capsize and sail toward the wind.
• The sailing skills may be completed in any suitable sailboat, but sailboards cannot be used.
• A boat smaller than 20 feet is usually easier to handle for this requirement.

Resources

• Sailboat Parts Explained: Overview and Names (video)

Leader Tips

• Use the actual sailboat while reviewing its parts.
• Have Scouts point to each part and describe its purpose.
• Include any parts found only on the boat being used.
• Check each Scout’s answers before beginning the sailing requirements.

Requirement 4a: Safety Afloat

What You Need To Do

Discuss the nine points of the Scouting America Safety Afloat plan. Connect each point to safe small-boat sailing.

Helpful Tips

• Qualified Supervision requires a trained adult age 21 or older.
• Personal Health Review checks health conditions before the activity.
• Swimming Ability places each person in activities suited to their swimming level.
• Life Jackets must fit properly and meet U.S. Coast Guard requirements.
• The Buddy System helps participants watch and account for one another.
• Skill Proficiency requires practice before sailing without close instruction.
• Planning covers weather, location, communication, and emergency action.
• Equipment must be suited to the activity and in good condition.
• Discipline requires everyone to follow safety rules and leader directions.
• Safety Afloat training must be current for the supervising adult.
• These points apply before, during, and after the sailing activity.

Resources

• Safety Afloat (website)

Leader Tips

• Review all nine points before Scouts prepare the boat.
• Connect each point to the planned sailing location.
• Ask Scouts to identify missing steps in a sample activity plan.
• Model equipment checks, clear rules, and steady supervision.

Requirement 4b: Boating Rules

What You Need To Do

Describe the general boating rules used to prevent collisions. Include any laws or special rules for the sailing area or state.

Helpful Tips

• Keep a lookout for boats, swimmers, docks, rocks, and markers.
• Travel at a safe speed for the weather and water traffic.
• A sailboat under sail usually has priority over a powerboat.
• A boat using a motor follows powerboat rules.
• When two powerboats meet head-on, both turn toward starboard.
• When two sailboats are on opposite tacks, the boat on port tack gives way.
• When two sailboats are on the same tack, the windward boat gives way.
• A boat passing another boat must stay clear.
• Every operator must take action to prevent a collision.
• Red and green markers guide boats through marked channels.
• No-wake zones require slow travel with little or no wake.
• Local rules may cover age limits, permits, restricted areas, and required equipment.

Resources

• Steering Rules: Crossing, Meeting & Overtaking (video)

Leader Tips

• Review rules using toy boats, diagrams, or boats on the water.
• Use short crossing and passing examples.
• Check state and local rules before the activity.
• Focus on safe action instead of claiming the right of way.

Requirement 4c: Water, Weather, And Wind

What You Need To Do

Describe how water conditions, weather, and strong wind affect sailing safety and boat performance.

Helpful Tips

• Calm water makes steering and sail handling easier.
• Waves and choppy water can slow the boat and reduce control.
• Large waves may increase the chance of capsizing.
• Cold water can cause cold-water shock and hypothermia.
• Rain can reduce visibility and make surfaces slippery.
• Fog can hide boats, shorelines, markers, and hazards.
• Strong wind puts more force on the sails.
• Heavy gusts may cause a sudden heel or capsize.
• Shifting wind can change the boat’s course without warning.
• Strong headwinds may require frequent tacking.
• Too little wind may leave the boat unable to reach shore quickly.
• Sailors should stay within conditions suited to their skill and boat.

Leader Tips

• Compare the conditions on shore with conditions farther from shore.
• Show Scouts wind patterns on flags, trees, and water.
• Set clear wind and weather limits before launching.
• Stop the activity before conditions become unsafe.

Requirement 4d: Bad Weather

What You Need To Do

Discuss signs of approaching bad weather. Describe safe actions for heavy wind, lightning, or an approaching storm.

Helpful Tips

• Check the forecast before leaving shore.
• Watch for dark clouds and fast-growing storm clouds.
• A sudden temperature drop may signal a weather front.
• Increasing or shifting wind may come before a storm.
• Rough water and whitecaps show rising wind.
• Thunder means lightning is close enough to be dangerous.
• Return to shore as soon as warning signs appear.
• Follow the leader’s emergency plan and landing directions.
• Reduce sail area when the boat and conditions allow reefing.
• Lower sails when directed and use a paddle if needed.
• Keep body weight low and balanced during strong gusts.
• Secure loose equipment before it moves or falls overboard.
• Leave the water and seek safe shelter during lightning.

Resources

• How To Prepare for Heavy Weather Conditions (website)
• Science of Sailing | Level 3 | Clouds and Breezes (video)
• How To Read Clouds (video)

Leader Tips

• Set a clear signal for returning to shore.
• Practice landing and securing boats before bad weather arrives.
• Assign adults to watch weather and water conditions.
• End the activity early when storm signs appear.

Requirement 4e: Float Plan

What You Need To Do

Prepare a float plan for a typical sailing trip. Include details needed by a person on shore during a delay or emergency.

Helpful Tips

• List the trip leader’s name and contact information.
• List the names of everyone taking part.
• Describe the boat’s type, length, color, and markings.
• Include any registration number when required.
• List life jackets and other safety equipment on board.
• Give the launch point and planned sailing area.
• Include the route, destination, and planned stops.
• Record the departure time and expected return time.
• Add planned check-in times when needed.
• Include the weather forecast and expected wind.
• Name the person who will keep the plan on shore.
• Give clear steps for a missed return time.
• Include phone numbers for emergency services or local authorities.
• Close the float plan after everyone returns safely.

Resources

• Filing a Float Plan (video)
• How To Complete a Float Plan (website)

Leader Tips

• Use a real planned sailing trip for the float plan.
• Check for complete times, locations, and contact details.
• Give the plan to a responsible person who remains on shore.
• Review the follow-up steps for an overdue boat.

Requirement 4f: Clothing And Personal Gear

What You Need To Do

Discuss clothing, footwear, and personal gear for warm and cool weather. Describe how each choice supports safety and comfort.

Helpful Tips

• Wear a properly fitted life jacket in all weather.
• Choose quick-drying clothing instead of heavy cotton.
• Wear a long-sleeved shirt for added sun protection.
• Use sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher.
• Reapply sunscreen after swimming or heavy sweating.
• Wear sunglasses with a retaining strap.
• Use a hat suited to the wind and weather.
• Wear closed-toe water shoes or shoes with non-slip soles.
• Avoid flip-flops and loose footwear.
• In cool weather, begin with a moisture-wicking base layer.
• Add an insulating layer such as fleece.
• Use a windproof and waterproof outer layer.
• Wear warm socks, gloves, and a hat when needed.
• Use a wetsuit or dry suit for cold-water conditions.
• Keep spare dry clothing in a waterproof bag.
• Make sure the life jacket fits over all clothing layers.

Resources

• What To Wear for Dinghy Sailing (video)

Leader Tips

• Check clothing and footwear before Scouts launch.
• Base clothing choices on water temperature as well as air temperature.
• Bring spare dry layers for changing conditions.
• Stop participation when clothing or gear does not provide safe protection.

Requirement 5: Wind Direction

What You Need To Do

Discuss ways to find the wind direction and identify common wind indicators. Describe why checking the wind is important before launching and setting the sails.

Helpful Tips

• Face the wind and feel which side of your face feels the breeze.
• Hold up a wet finger to help find the wind direction.
• Watch nearby flags, windsocks, smoke, and moving tree branches.
• Flags and windsocks point away from the direction the wind comes from.
• Look for ripples, dark patches, and small waves on the water.
• Tell-tales are short pieces of yarn or ribbon attached to sails or rigging.
• Tell-tales show how air is moving across the sail.
• A masthead wind vane points toward the direction the wind comes from.
• Check several indicators because buildings, trees, and shorelines can change the wind.
• Wind direction affects the boat’s course and sail position.
• A sailboat cannot sail straight into the wind.
• Wind direction helps the crew choose a safe launch and landing route.
• Strong or shifting wind may require a different plan or a return to shore.
• Check the wind again after launching because conditions may change on the water.

Resources

• Wind Awareness (video)

Leader Tips

• Use flags, tell-tales, water ripples, and a wind vane during the discussion.
• Have Scouts point toward the source of the wind.
• Ask Scouts to choose a safe first course based on the wind.
• Repeat the check during sailing as conditions change.

Requirement 6a: Prepare The Boat

What You Need To Do

Prepare the sailboat for use and complete a full safety inspection with your buddy. Check the boat, rigging, sails, controls, and safety gear before launching.

Helpful Tips

• Check the hull for cracks, holes, leaks, and loose fittings.
• Make sure the drain plug is installed when the boat requires one.
• Check the mast, boom, stays, and shrouds for damage.
• Make sure the mast is seated and secured correctly.
• Inspect the sails for tears, loose stitching, and worn areas.
• Check sheets and halyards for knots, tangles, and frayed spots.
• Test the rudder and tiller for smooth movement.
• Raise and lower the centerboard or daggerboard.
• Carry a properly fitted life jacket for each person.
• Check the paddle, bailer, whistle, and other required safety gear.
• Remove loose gear or secure it inside the boat.
• Check the weather, wind, sailing area, and float plan.

Leader Tips

• Use the same inspection order each time.
• Have both Scouts take part in the inspection.
• Stop the launch when damaged or missing equipment creates a hazard.
• Ask Scouts to report each completed check.

Requirement 6b: Get Underway

What You Need To Do

Safely leave a dock, mooring, or beach with your buddy. Use the wind direction and the boat’s position to choose a safe departure method.

Helpful Tips

• Check the wind before releasing the boat.
• Plan a path clear of boats, swimmers, docks, and shallow water.
• Keep one dock line secured until the crew is ready.
• Push away from a dock with a hand, paddle, or boat hook.
• Keep hands and feet out from between the boat and dock.
• Release a mooring line without letting it tangle around the boat.
• Point the boat into the wind while raising sails when possible.
• Move a beach-launched boat into water deep enough to float freely.
• Lower the rudder and centerboard only when the water is deep enough.
• Board from a stable position and keep weight centered.
• Trim the sails after the boat has room to maneuver.
• Use clear commands between the helm and crew.

Resources

• Beach Launching a Single Handed Boat (video)

Leader Tips

• Choose a departure area suited to the Scouts’ skill.
• Review the route away from shore before releasing the boat.
• Stay close enough to assist without taking over.
• Repeat the launch when control or communication is weak.

Requirement 6c: Points Of Sail

What You Need To Do

Sail a counselor-approved round-trip course using running, beating, and reaching. Set the sails correctly and maintain steady control of the boat.

Helpful Tips

• Running places the wind behind the boat.
• Let the sails out during a run.
• Keep the boom under control to prevent an accidental jibe.
• Beating moves the boat toward the wind at an angle.
• Pull the sails in while sailing close-hauled.
• Tack back and forth because the boat cannot sail straight into the wind.
• Reaching places the wind across the side of the boat.
• Ease the sails farther out as the boat turns away from the wind.
• Use tell-tales to help trim the sails.
• Ease a sail until it begins to flutter, then pull it in slightly.
• Use small tiller movements to keep a steady course.
• Keep the boat balanced by shifting crew weight.
• Watch for boats, markers, shallow water, and changing wind.
• Communicate before changing course or adjusting sails.

Resources

• Points of Sail (video)
• Close-Hauled (Sailing Towards the Wind) (video)
• Reaching (Sailing Across the Wind) (video)
• Running (Sailing Away From the Wind) (video)

Leader Tips

• Set a course with clear marks for each point of sail.
• Have Scouts name the point of sail during the trip.
• Watch sail trim, balance, steering, and lookout habits.
• Allow time to repeat weak parts of the course.

Requirement 6d: Tacking And Jibing

What You Need To Do

Change direction by completing a tack and a jibe. Use clear commands, control the boom, and keep the boat balanced during both maneuvers.

Helpful Tips

• Tacking turns the bow through the wind.
• Use a tack when changing direction while sailing toward the wind.
• Call “Ready about” before beginning a tack.
• Wait for the crew to report readiness.
• Push the tiller toward the sail to begin the tack.
• Move to the new windward side as the boom crosses.
• Straighten the tiller after reaching the new course.
• Jibing turns the stern through the wind.
• Call “Prepare to jibe” before beginning.
• Keep every person’s head below the path of the boom.
• Pull in the mainsheet to reduce the boom’s travel.
• Move the tiller away from the sail to begin the jibe.
• Ease the mainsheet after the boom crosses.
• Shift weight smoothly to keep the boat balanced.
• Check the area before either maneuver.

Resources

• How To Tack (Turn Around) a One Person Sailboat (video)
• How To Jib a Single Person Sailboat (Turning Away From the Wind) (video)

Leader Tips

• Practice commands on shore before sailing.
• Begin in light or moderate wind.
• Watch boom control closely during the jibe.
• Require clear communication before each turn.

Requirement 6e: Get Out Of Irons

What You Need To Do

Recover when the bow points into the wind and the boat stops moving. Use the sails, tiller, and crew weight to turn onto a sailing course.

Helpful Tips

• A boat in irons points directly into the wind.
• The sails flap because they cannot fill with wind.
• The rudder has little effect while the boat is stopped.
• Move the tiller to one side and hold it there.
• Back the jib by pulling the jib sheet on the side needed for the turn.
• Hold the jib against the wind until the bow moves away.
• Shift crew weight when the boat design allows roll steering.
• Let the mainsail out while the bow turns.
• Release the backed jib after the bow passes out of irons.
• Trim the sails as the boat begins moving.
• Center the tiller after reaching the new course.
• Keep clear of nearby boats and shore during the recovery.
• Use a paddle when wind and current prevent a sailing recovery.

Leader Tips

• Demonstrate irons in open water with room to drift.
• Let Scouts try more than one recovery method.
• Watch tiller direction and backed-jib control.
• Keep the safety boat ready when conditions require it.

Requirement 6f: Safety Position

What You Need To Do

Place the sailboat in the safety position. Slow or stop the boat while keeping it under control.

Helpful Tips

• Choose a clear area before entering the safety position.
• Ease the mainsheet fully.
• Let the sails luff without driving the boat forward.
• Turn the tiller toward the sail.
• Keep the boat on a close-reaching or close-hauled heading, based on the boat’s design.
• Hold the tiller and mainsheet in their safe positions.
• Keep the centerboard down unless the boat’s procedure calls for another position.
• Stay low and keep the boat balanced.
• Use the position while waiting for instructions.
• Use it while changing crew jobs or checking equipment.
• Keep watching for traffic, shore, and drifting hazards.
• Leave the position by trimming the sail and steering onto a course.

Leader Tips

• Use the procedure recommended for the boat being sailed.
• Demonstrate the difference between the safety position and being in irons.
• Check boat control and lookout habits during the pause.
• Practice entering and leaving the position from both tacks.

Requirement 6g: Capsize And Overboard Rescue

What You Need To Do

Demonstrate capsize recovery and the rescue of a person overboard. Complete both skills under close counselor supervision with a rescue boat ready to assist.

Helpful Tips

• Wear a properly fitted life jacket during all practice.
• Stay with the capsized boat unless the counselor directs otherwise.
• Count crew members and check for injuries.
• Keep clear of lines, sails, and rigging in the water.
• Follow the recovery method for the boat being used.
• Position the boat so wind does not drive the sail during recovery.
• Use body weight on the centerboard or daggerboard to right the boat.
• Hold the boat steady while the crew climbs aboard.
• Remove water with a bailer or self-bailing system.
• Call “Person overboard” when someone enters the water.
• Keep pointing at the person to maintain visual contact.
• Turn the boat and return under control.
• Approach at a slow speed.
• Stop beside the person without striking them.
• Use a line, paddle, or flotation aid when needed.
• Bring the person aboard while keeping the boat balanced.
• Check for injury, cold-water effects, and breathing problems.

Resources

• Capsize a Single Handed Sailboat (video)

Leader Tips

• Use calm water and controlled conditions.
• Place a rescue boat close to the practice area.
• Review each step before the capsize begins.
• Stop the drill when a Scout becomes cold, tired, or distressed.

Requirement 6h: Running Aground

What You Need To Do

Demonstrate the safe procedure used after the sailboat runs aground. Protect the crew, boat, and underwater area while moving back into deeper water.

Helpful Tips

• Check every person for injury.
• Ease the sheets to remove pressure from the sails.
• Check the hull, rudder, and centerboard for damage.
• Find the direction of deeper water.
• Raise the centerboard or daggerboard carefully.
• Raise the rudder when the boat’s design allows it.
• Shift crew weight away from the grounded section.
• Rock the boat gently when the bottom and boat allow it.
• Use a paddle or pole to push toward deeper water.
• Avoid standing in water with strong current or an unsafe bottom.
• Do not use sharp force near rocks or fragile parts.
• Check for leaks after the boat floats free.
• Lower the rudder and centerboard after reaching enough depth.
• Check the course before sailing away.

Resources

• What To Do When You Run Aground (website)

Leader Tips

• Practice in a safe area with a soft bottom.
• Discuss when leaving the boat would be unsafe.
• Watch for damage caused by forceful pushing.
• Include ways to avoid shallow areas before the drill.

Requirement 6i: Accept A Tow

What You Need To Do

Accept a single-line tow or side tow and control the sailboat for 20 boat lengths. Keep the boat aligned, balanced, and clear of the tow line.

Helpful Tips

• Lower or secure the sails before accepting the tow.
• Stow loose lines and equipment.
• Agree on signals with the towing boat.
• Use a tow line in good condition.
• Keep hands clear when receiving the line.
• Attach the line to a strong point on the boat.
• Use a bowline or the knot directed for the boat.
• Keep the tow line away from the crew, rudder, and centerboard.
• Sit low and keep the boat balanced.
• Steer behind the towing boat during a single-line tow.
• Use small tiller movements to prevent side-to-side swinging.
• Keep fenders between boats during a side tow.
• Match the towing boat’s speed and direction.
• Watch for slack line, sudden strain, obstacles, and wakes.
• Release the tow only after both crews are ready.

Leader Tips

• Begin at a slow speed in open water.
• Review hand signals and emergency release steps.
• Watch the attachment point and tow-line position.
• Measure enough distance for the full 20 boat lengths.

Requirement 6j: Secure The Boat

What You Need To Do

After returning, secure the boat and all equipment. Prepare it for unattended docking, mooring, or beaching overnight or longer.

Helpful Tips

• Approach the landing area slowly and under control.
• Lower the sails at the proper time.
• Keep sails out of the water and off dirty surfaces.
• Tie the boat with suitable dock or mooring lines.
• Use fenders when the hull could rub against a dock.
• Pull a beached boat above the expected waterline when directed.
• Secure the boat against changing wind, waves, and water levels.
• Remove the rudder and centerboard when required.
• Drain water from the hull.
• Rinse salt, sand, and mud from equipment when needed.
• Fold, roll, or furl sails as directed.
• Coil sheets, halyards, and dock lines neatly.
• Store life jackets where they can dry.
• Return paddles, bailers, and safety gear to storage.
• Check the boat and equipment for damage.
• Report missing or damaged items.
• Cover the boat when required.
• Complete a final check before leaving the area.

Leader Tips

• Assign clear jobs to each Scout.
• Check knots, sail storage, and loose equipment.
• Have Scouts report any damage before leaving.
• Use a final checklist for unattended storage.

Requirement 7a: Sailing Knots

What You Need To Do

Tie six knots used in sailing and show a proper use for each one. The knots are the square knot, clove hitch, two half hitches, bowline, cleat hitch, and figure-eight knot.

Helpful Tips

• Use a square knot to join two ends of similar line for a temporary task.
• Tie a square knot right over left, then left over right.
• Do not use a square knot for rescue, climbing, or heavy loads.
• Use a clove hitch to fasten a line to a post, rail, or spar.
• A clove hitch can slip when the load changes.
• Add another securing knot when extra hold is needed.
• Use two half hitches to secure a line around a post, ring, or rail.
• Tie both half hitches in the same direction.
• Use a bowline to form a fixed loop that does not tighten.
• A bowline works well for a towline, mooring line, or rescue loop.
• Use a cleat hitch to secure a line to a cleat.
• Begin the cleat hitch with a full turn around the base.
• Finish with crossing turns and a locking half hitch.
• Use a figure-eight knot as a stopper knot.
• Place a figure-eight knot at the end of a sheet to keep it from running through a block.

Resources

• Essential Sailing Knots (video)
• Overhand Knot (video)

Leader Tips

• Have Scouts tie each knot using line similar to the boat’s gear.
• Ask for a real sailing use after each knot is tied.
• Check the shape, security, and ease of untying.
• Include practice at a cleat, post, and ring.

Requirement 7b: Handling Lines

What You Need To Do

Show how to heave, coil, and fake down a line. Complete each skill so the line stays neat and can be used without tangling.

Helpful Tips

• Heaving a line means throwing it to another person or boat.
• Keep one end secured before making the throw.
• Divide the line into even coils.
• Hold part of the coils in each hand when the line is long.
• Face the target and make a smooth underhand or sidearm throw.
• Aim beyond the person so the line lands within reach.
• Call out before throwing the line.
• Coiling a line keeps it ready for storage or later use.
• Follow the natural twist of the line while making even loops.
• Remove kinks before finishing the coil.
• Secure the coil without making a tight knot.
• Faking down a line means laying it in loose loops on a flat surface.
• Use long zigzag loops or a figure-eight pattern.
• Start with the end that must run out first.
• Keep each loop clear of the next one.
• Check the line by pulling it out smoothly.

Resources

• How To Coil a Rope (video)
• How To Flake and Heave a Line (video)

Leader Tips

• Use enough line to make each skill realistic.
• Give Scouts a clear target for the heaving practice.
• Check for twists and crossed loops.
• Repeat the skill until the line runs freely.

Requirement 7c: Sailboat Lines And Fibers

What You Need To Do

Discuss common lines used on sailboats and the fibers used to make them. Include the advantages and disadvantages of each type.

Helpful Tips

• Halyards raise and lower sails.
• Halyards need strength and low stretch.
• Sheets control the angle of the sails.
• Sheets need flexibility, grip, and smooth handling.
• Dock lines secure the boat to a dock.
• Dock lines need some stretch to absorb movement.
• Anchor lines connect the anchor to the boat.
• Anchor lines need strength and resistance to wear.
• Towlines must be strong and easy to handle.
• Nylon is strong and stretches under load.
• Nylon works well for dock lines and anchor lines.
• Too much stretch makes nylon a poor choice for some halyards.
• Polyester has low stretch and good resistance to sunlight.
• Polyester works well for sheets and halyards.
• Polyester does not absorb shock as well as nylon.
• Polypropylene is light and floats.
• Polypropylene works well for some rescue and tow lines.
• Polypropylene wears faster and weakens in sunlight.
• High-strength fibers such as Dyneema have very low stretch.
• High-strength fibers are light but may cost more and require special knots or fittings.
• Natural fibers have good grip but can rot and weaken when wet.
• Check every line for fraying, stiff spots, cuts, and sun damage.

Resources

• Lines and Usages for Sailing (website)

Leader Tips

• Use real samples of several line materials.
• Have Scouts match each line to a job on the boat.
• Compare stretch, grip, weight, and strength.
• Include the lines used on the sailboat for this badge.

Requirement 8: Sailboat Maintenance

What You Need To Do

Describe how to care for a sailboat and its gear during the sailing season and while it is stored. Include cleaning, inspections, repairs, and proper storage.

Helpful Tips

• Rinse the hull, deck, mast, and hardware with fresh water after use.
• Remove salt, mud, sand, algae, and other dirt.
• Drain all water from the hull before storage.
• Let sails dry fully before folding or rolling them.
• Store sails in a clean, dry place away from sunlight.
• Check sheets, halyards, and dock lines for cuts and fraying.
• Replace damaged lines before the next sailing trip.
• Inspect the hull for cracks, leaks, dents, and deep scratches.
• Check the rudder, tiller, and centerboard for damage.
• Test moving parts and lubricate them when the maker recommends it.
• Check the mast, boom, stays, and shrouds for bends, rust, and loose fittings.
• Inspect cleats, blocks, pins, and fasteners for wear.
• Wash and dry life jackets before storing them.
• Keep whistles, paddles, bailers, and other safety gear together.
• Repair small problems before they become larger problems.
• Remove sails, loose lines, cushions, and gear for long-term storage.
• Cover the boat with a fitted cover that allows air to move.
• Support the hull correctly so it does not bend during storage.
• Keep water from collecting inside the boat or on the cover.
• Complete a full inspection before the first trip of each season.

Leader Tips

• Use the actual boat and gear during the maintenance review.
• Have Scouts find wear, damage, and storage problems.
• Show where repair records and equipment checklists are kept.
• Stress reporting damage instead of hiding or ignoring it.

Requirement 9: Sailing Terms And Boat Types

What You Need To Do

Review common sailing terms and the points of sail with your counselor. Discuss several types of sailboats and describe how their size, sails, hulls, and uses differ.

Helpful Tips

• The bow is the front of the boat.
• The stern is the back of the boat.
• Port is the left side when facing the bow.
• Starboard is the right side when facing the bow.
• Windward is the side facing the wind.
• Leeward is the side away from the wind.
• The helm is the place or equipment used to steer.
• The tiller controls the rudder on many small sailboats.
• Tacking turns the bow through the wind.
• Jibing turns the stern through the wind.
• Close-hauled means sailing as near to the wind as the boat allows.
• Reaching means sailing with the wind coming across the side.
• Running means sailing with the wind mostly behind the boat.
• A dinghy is a small, open sailboat used for training or recreation.
• A keelboat has a fixed keel and is less likely to capsize.
• A catamaran has two hulls and often moves faster than a similar single-hull boat.
• A sloop usually has one mast, one mainsail, and one jib.
• A cutter has one mast and two or more sails in front of the mast.
• A schooner has two or more masts, with the forward mast no taller than the one behind it.
• Racing sailboats focus on speed and light weight.
• Cruising sailboats often include storage, shelter, and space for longer trips.
• Small training boats are easier to launch, capsize, and recover.

Leader Tips

• Use diagrams, model boats, or real boats during the review.
• Have Scouts point to each part and use the correct term.
• Compare two or three boat types side by side.
• Connect each point of sail to the wind direction and sail position.

National Outdoor Award Aquatics Segment Requirements

The National Outdoor Award for Aquatics recognizes Scouts and Venturers who show exceptional dedication to aquatic adventures. To earn this badge, you must be a strong swimmer, have lifesaving skills, and complete various water-based activities. These include earning awards like the Mile Swim and merit badges such as Small Boat Sailing.

The Small Boat Sailing merit badge is a great way to build skills while enjoying time on the water. You’ll also spend time swimming, paddling, or exploring other aquatic sports. Additional devices are awarded for extra hours of aquatic activities, encouraging even more adventures and growth in the outdoors.

National Outdoor Awards – Adventure Segment Requirements

The National Outdoor Award for Adventure challenges Scouts and Venturers to take on high-adventure activities like backpacking, climbing, and sailing. This award recognizes those who go beyond ordinary outdoor experiences to develop skills and test their limits. Activities like earning the Small Boat Sailing merit badge can be part of the journey, offering both skill-building and fun.

The Small Boat Sailing merit badge is an excellent way to learn about navigation and teamwork while on the water. Extra devices are awarded for additional adventures, encouraging Scouts to keep exploring and growing through exciting outdoor challenges.

More Merit Badge Resources

The Small Boat Sailing merit badge teaches Scouts how to handle a sailboat safely and with confidence. It fits well in the merit badge program because it teaches hands-on skills, awareness, and problem-solving. Scouts learn wind patterns, boat parts, and basic maneuvers. This adds a classic outdoor activity to the wide range of merit badges and shows that Scouting includes many ways to enjoy the water.

This badge also connects to others that build water skills and outdoor ability. A Scout who enjoys Small Boat Sailing might also try Canoeing, Kayaking, or Motorboating. These badges help Scouts explore different ways to travel and work on the water. The variety gives them many paths to follow.

Learn More about Scouts BSA

The Small Boat Sailing merit badge supports the larger Scouts BSA program by building responsibility, fitness, and good judgment. Scouts learn to watch conditions, follow safety rules, and guide a boat with care. These habits support leadership and personal growth.

It also supports citizenship and teamwork. Scouts see how shared spaces on the water require respect and cooperation. They learn how safe choices protect themselves and others. This helps them become thoughtful and capable members of their troop and community.

What will I learn by earning the Small Boat Sailing merit badge?

You will learn how to sail a small boat safely and efficiently for the Small Boat Sailing Merit Badge. This includes handling sails, steering, and using the wind to move the boat. You’ll also learn safety skills, like capsize recovery and how to rescue someone who falls overboard.

Do I need to know how to swim to earn the Small Boat Sailing merit badge?

Yes, you must pass the Scouting America swimmer test before starting some requirements for the Small Boat Sailing merit badge. This ensures you are comfortable and safe in the water if the boat tips over.

What kind of boat will I use for the Small Boat Sailing merit badge?

You will use a small sailboat for the Small Boat Sailing Merit Badge, usually less than 20 feet long. The boat must be easy to handle, capable of sailing into the wind, and safe for practicing capsizing recovery.

Do I need my own sailboat for the Small Boat Sailing merit badge?

No, you don’t need your own sailboat for the Small Boat Sailing Merit Badge. Most Scout camps or sailing clubs provide boats for merit badge programs. Check with your counselor to find out what boats are available.

What knots will I need to know for the Small Boat Sailing merit badge?

You will need to know several knots for the Small Boat Sailing Merit Badge, including the square (reef) knot, clove hitch, two half hitches, bowline, cleat hitch, and figure-eight knot. These knots are important for handling lines on a sailboat.

What happens if the boat tips over while I’m working on the Small Boat Sailing merit badge?

You’ll learn how to recover from a capsize during the Small Boat Sailing merit badge. This involves turning the boat upright and safely getting back onboard. Capsize recovery is a required skill for the badge.

Do I need any special equipment to earn the Small Boat Sailing merit badge?

You will need a U.S. Coast Guard-approved life jacket for the Small Boat Sailing Merit Badge, which must be worn at all times while on the water. Other equipment, like sails and lines, is usually provided with the boat.

What is a “point of sail,” and why is it important for the Small Boat Sailing Merit Badge?

A point of sail describes the boat’s direction in relation to the wind. Understanding points of sail helps you position the sails correctly and move the boat efficiently. You’ll learn this as part of the Small Boat Sailing merit badge.

How long does it take to complete the Small Boat Sailing merit badge?

The time required for the Small Boat Sailing Merit Badge depends on your sailing experience and how quickly you master the skills. Many Scouts complete the badge in a weekend or during a week at summer camp.

Is the Small Boat Sailing merit badge difficult to earn?

The Small Boat Sailing merit badge requires practice and attention to safety, but it’s fun and rewarding. With guidance from your counselor and practice, you’ll learn everything you need to succeed.

The Small Boat Sailing merit badge teaches Scouts the basics of sailing. You’ll learn how to handle a small sailboat, steer it, and adjust the sails to move with the wind. You’ll also practice important safety skills, like what to do if the boat tips over or someone falls overboard. This merit badge combines fun on the water with valuable skills.

Scouts who earn the Small Boat Sailing merit badge will also learn essential boating terms and how to use equipment like rudders, tillers, and centerboards. You’ll practice tying knots, handling lines, and navigating using points of sail. These skills are not only useful for sailing but can also help in other outdoor activities.

Safety is a big part of the Small Boat Sailing merit badge. You’ll always wear a life jacket and learn to check the weather before heading out. You’ll also understand how to recover from common problems, like running aground or dealing with strong winds. By the end, you’ll know how to stay safe and have fun on the water.

Earning the Small Boat Sailing merit badge is a great way to enjoy the outdoors, build confidence, and learn teamwork. Whether you’re just starting or looking to improve your skills, this badge offers a unique and rewarding experience.