Environmental Science Merit Badge

Embarking on the journey to earn the Environmental Science merit badge is an enlightening experience for Scouts. This badge isn’t just another step towards an Eagle Scout rank; it’s a deep dive into understanding and appreciating our natural world. Through a series of engaging and thought-provoking activities, Scouts are invited to explore the intricate balance of ecosystems, the importance of biodiversity, and the impact of human actions on the environment.

The Environmental Science merit badge opens the door to crucial conversations about sustainability and conservation, equipping Scouts with the knowledge and skills to become proactive stewards of the planet. As they work through the requirements, Scouts will engage in hands-on experiments, field observations, and critical discussions that not only broaden their understanding of environmental science but also foster a lifelong commitment to protecting our Earth.

The benefits of earning the Environmental Science merit badge extend far beyond the scouting program. Scouts develop a sense of responsibility, a curiosity for scientific inquiry, and a passion for environmental advocacy. They are empowered to make informed decisions and take action in their communities, inspiring others to join them in their efforts to ensure a sustainable future for all.

In embracing the challenges and opportunities presented by the Environmental Science merit badge, Scouts are not only advancing in their Scouting journey but also contributing to a greater cause – the well-being of our planet.

Either Sustainability merit badge or Environmental Science merit badge is required for the rank of Eagle. Scouts who earn both merit badges may count the second as an elective.

Download the Environmental Science Merit Badge Requirements

Environmental Science Merit Badge Workbook / Worksheet

Environmental Science Merit Badge Check Off Sheet

Checklist for All Merit Badges

Help with Answers for Environmental Science Merit Badge Requirements

Find specific helps for some of the Environmental Science merit badge requirements listed below. Some of these resources will just give the answers. Others will provide engaging ways for older Scouts to introduce these concepts to new Scouts.

Environmental Science Timeline

Creating a timeline of the history of environmental science in America, with a spotlight on the contributions made by the Boy Scouts of America (BSA), showcases the significant role scouting has played in promoting environmental stewardship and awareness. Here’s an outline that includes key milestones and the BSA’s involvement for Environmental Science merit badge requirement 1:

Pre-1900s: The Foundations

• 1832: George Perkins Marsh, an American diplomat and philologist, delivers a series of lectures that later inspire his book “Man and Nature,” published in 1864, laying the groundwork for the environmental movement in America.
• 1872: Yellowstone National Park is established as the first national park in the world, marking the beginning of the national park system in the United States.
• 1892: The Sierra Club is founded by John Muir, advocating for the protection of wilderness areas.

Early 20th Century: Conservation Movement Takes Root

• 1910: The Boy Scouts of America is founded. Early scouting handbooks emphasize the importance of conserving natural resources and respecting the outdoors.
• 1916: The National Park Service is established, marking a significant step in the preservation of America’s natural beauty and biodiversity.

Mid-20th Century: Environmental Awareness Grows

• 1949: Aldo Leopold publishes “A Sand County Almanac,” promoting the idea of a land ethic that respects and ethically interacts with the natural world.
• 1962: Rachel Carson publishes “Silent Spring,” a groundbreaking work that brings environmental concerns to the forefront of American consciousness.
• 1969: The Cuyahoga River catches fire due to pollution, drawing national attention to water pollution issues and leading to the Clean Water Act.
• 1970: The first Earth Day is celebrated, and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is established, signaling a growing national commitment to environmental protection.

Late 20th Century: Legislative Milestones and Global Awareness

• 1972: The Clean Water Act is enacted, establishing the basic structure for regulating discharges of pollutants into the waters of the United States.
• 1987: The Montreal Protocol is signed, an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances responsible for ozone depletion.
• 1992: The Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro leads to the adoption of Agenda 21, a comprehensive plan of action to be taken globally, nationally, and locally by organizations of the United Nations System, Governments, and Major Groups in every area in which humans impact the environment.

Early 21st Century: Climate Change and Renewable Energy

• 2006: Former Vice President Al Gore’s documentary, “An Inconvenient Truth,” is released, significantly raising public awareness of climate change.
• 2015: The Paris Agreement is adopted, aiming to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels.

Ongoing Developments

• 21st Century: Advances in renewable energy technologies, such as solar and wind power, continue to grow, reducing dependency on fossil fuels and mitigating climate change.
• 2020s: Global movements for climate action, such as Fridays for Future, gain momentum, led by young activists around the world.

Boy Scouts of America’s Contributions

• 1911: The BSA introduces the Bird Study merit badge, encouraging Scouts to observe and protect wildlife, one of the earliest examples of its commitment to environmental education.
• 1952: The Conservation merit badge is introduced, later evolving into the Environmental Science merit badge in 1972, reflecting the BSA’s ongoing dedication to fostering environmental stewardship among Scouts.
• 1992: The BSA launches the Leave No Trace principles into its programs, teaching Scouts to explore the outdoors responsibly and sustainably.
• 2010: The BSA creates the Sustainability merit badge, furthering its commitment to environmental education and conservation practices.
• 2000s-Present: The BSA continues to update its programs to include modern conservation techniques, sustainability practices, and environmental science education, preparing Scouts to be leaders in conservation efforts.

The timeline of environmental science in America is rich and varied, with the Boy Scouts of America playing a pivotal role in the education and engagement of young people in environmental conservation and stewardship. Through merit badges like the Environmental Science merit badge, service projects, and outdoor activities, the BSA has made and continues to make a significant contribution to the environmental movement, instilling a respect for nature in generations of Scouts.

Environmental Science Terms

Understanding these terms is essential for grasping the concepts covered in the Environmental Science merit badge. Here’s a concise definition for each:

• Population: This is a group of the same kind of animals or plants living in the same place who can have babies together and hang out with each other.
• Community: This is when different groups of animals and plants live together in one place and interact with each other.
• Ecosystem: This is a big system where living things and their home environment work together as one big team.
• Biosphere: This is everywhere on Earth where life exists, including land, water, and air, and how all living things connect with the Earth itself.
• Symbiosis: This is a special relationship where two different living things live closely together and at least one of them benefits from the other.
• Niche: This is the special role or job an animal or plant has in its home, like what it eats and how it helps its environment.
• Habitat: This is the specific home or environment where a plant or animal lives.
• Conservation: This is all about protecting and taking care of nature and all the animals and plants that live there.
• Threatened Species: These are animals or plants that might become endangered and at risk of disappearing soon.
• Endangered Species: These are animals or plants that are at serious risk of disappearing forever.
• Extinction: This happens when a type of animal or plant disappears completely and there are none left anywhere.
• Pollution Prevention: This is about stopping waste or harmful stuff from being created in the first place to keep our environment clean.
• Brownfield: This is a piece of land that isn’t used because it might have harmful chemicals or pollution on it.
• Ozone: This is a special kind of oxygen up high in the sky that helps protect us from the sun’s harmful rays.
• Watershed: This is a big area of land where all the rain and snow melt flow down into rivers and lakes and eventually to the ocean.
• Airshed: This is an area where the air gets shared around and can have similar pollution problems, usually bounded by natural or weather patterns.
• Nonpoint Source: This is pollution that comes from many places spread out, like when rain washes pollution from the land into water.
• Hybrid Vehicle: This is a car that uses two kinds of power, like gas and electricity, to run cleaner and use less fuel.
• Fuel Cell: This is a cool gadget that turns fuel, like hydrogen, into electricity without making pollution, often used in super clean cars.

Understanding these terms provides a solid foundation for exploring environmental science concepts and issues, essential for Scouts working on the Environmental Science merit badge.

Environmental Science Crossword Puzzle

This crossword puzzle is all about environmental science and has 19 words you need to know. It’s made to help Scouts learn more about nature and how to take care of it, especially for the Environmental Science merit badge. The puzzle covers important words and ideas like where animals live, how plants and animals depend on each other, and ways to protect our planet. Working on this puzzle is a fun way to remember these words and learn more about how everything in nature is connected. Plus, it’s a good way to get better at helping the environment, just like Scouts are supposed to do.

Ecology Category for Environmental Science Merit Badge

Procedure for the Response of Living Things Experiment for Environmental Science Merit Badge

This experiment for the Environmental Science Merit Badge will show you how the abiotic (nonliving) components of an environment, such as light, can significantly influence the behavior of living organisms. You’ll be exploring the effect of light on earthworms through the following steps:

1. Divide the shoebox lid into two equal parts and place one part over the shoebox to create a shaded area on one side.
2. Position a lamp close to the shoebox’s center, ensuring it illuminates only the unshaded section.
3. Carefully place 10 earthworms along the bottom of the box, aligning them with the middle so they’re partly in the shade and partly in the light.
4. For five minutes, watch the earthworms’ movements, recording any observations in your notebook.
5. After the observation period, gently collect the earthworms and release them back into their natural habitat in the soil.

Observation Questions

• At the start of the experiment, what actions did the earthworms take?
• How long did the earthworms remain in the area illuminated by the lamp compared to the shaded area?
• Which abiotic environmental element is simulated by the use of the lamp?

Procedure for the Greenhouse Effect Experiment for Environmental Science Merit Badge

1. Take two 2-liter soda bottles and cut off their tops about 4 inches down. Mark one bottle as “A” and the other as “B.”
2. Fill each bottle with 2 cups of garden or potting soil.
3. Insert a thermometer into each bottle, ensuring they are at equal heights above the soil.
4. Seal bottle “B” with clear plastic wrap at the top, securing it with a rubber band or tape.
5. Set up a lamp on a table without its shade to expose the bulb. Place both bottles an inch away from the bulb, making sure the thermometers are turned away from the light. (Consider shading the thermometers from direct light for accurate air temperature readings.)
6. Before turning on the light, note the temperature inside each bottle.
7. Switch on the lamp.
8. After three minutes, record the temperatures in both bottles. Continue recording every three minutes for a total of 15 minutes.

Observations to Make:

• Note if there was a temperature change in the bottles throughout the experiment.
• Discuss the roles of the lightbulb and plastic wrap in simulating the greenhouse effect in this experiment.

Discussion on Ecosystems

Key Points to Discuss:

• Definition of an Ecosystem: An ecosystem includes all the living things (plants, animals, organisms) in a given area, interacting with each other, and also with their non-living environments (weather, earth, sun, soil, climate, atmosphere).
• Maintenance in Nature: Ecosystems are maintained through natural processes like photosynthesis, water cycle, and nutrient cycle. Each organism has a role that helps sustain the ecosystem, such as predators controlling prey populations or decomposers breaking down dead materials.
• Survival: Ecosystems survive by adapting to changes. This can include seasonal changes, natural disasters, and the introduction of new species. Balance is key – too much disruption can harm an ecosystem.

For both experiments and the discussion, make sure to take detailed notes and think critically about what you observe. This will prepare you for a great conversation with your Environmental Science Merit Badge counselor about the amazing dynamics of ecosystems and the importance of the greenhouse effect in our planet’s climate system.

Remember, the goal is to explore, learn, and have fun with science. Good luck with your experiments and discussions!

Air Pollution Category for Environmental Science Merit Badge

Procedure for the Air Pollution Experiment for Environmental Science Merit Badge

1. Apply a thin layer of petroleum jelly to two paper plates or white index cards, which will act as your devices to capture air pollutants.
2. Position one of these collectors in a city area, like next to a busy road, and the other in a more natural setting, such as a field or woods.
3. Ensure each collector is shielded from rain, either by situating them under something like a roof edge or a branch.
4. Leave the collectors untouched for a week.
5. After a week, collect the devices and use a magnifying glass to inspect and identify any collected particulate matter.
6. Cover one collector with a clear plastic sheet that has a 1-inch square grid. Count the particulates in four squares using the magnifying glass, calculate the average per square, and note it down.
7. Perform the same counting process for the second collector.

Observations to Note:

• Record the average number of particulates found on the collector from the urban setting and compare it to those from the non-urban setting.
• Discuss what the particulate amounts reveal about air pollution levels in each setting.

Record Trips, Mileage, and Fuel Consumption

Idea: Track your family car’s usage for a week to understand fuel efficiency and potential savings.

Steps:

1. Keep a log of all trips made with the family car for seven days, noting the purpose, mileage, and fuel used.
2. At the end of the week, calculate the total miles driven and the total gallons of gas used to find out the miles per gallon (MPG).
3. Review your log and identify any trips that could have been combined.
4. Calculate how much you could have saved in miles and gallons of gas by combining trips.

Discussion Points:

• How fuel-efficient is your family car?
• The impact of trip chaining on reducing fuel consumption and air pollution.

Explain What Acid Rain Is

Explanation Points:

• Acid Rain Definition: Acid rain is rain that has been made acidic by certain pollutants in the air. It can fall as rain, snow, sleet, or even dust.
• Effects on Plants and the Environment: Acid rain can damage trees, especially at high elevations. It also acidifies lakes and streams, harming fish and other wildlife. It can erode buildings, statues, and even harm crops.
• Steps to Reduce Acid Rain: Society can reduce the effects of acid rain by cutting down on the emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), which are the primary causes of acid rain. This can be achieved by using cleaner forms of energy, installing scrubbers in industrial smokestacks, and using vehicles that emit less NOx.

Procedure for the Acid Rain Experiment for Environmental Science Merit Badge

1. Number five identical potted plants from 1 to 5.
2. Use a ruler to measure and record each plant’s height and count the leaves, noting these details.
3. Inspect each plant closely with a magnifying glass. Illustrate each one, highlighting any damaged sections.
4. Wear safety goggles and an apron for protection. Prepare five mixtures of distilled water and vinegar in labeled bottles according to the given ratios:
   • Bottle 1: 1 cup water
   • Bottle 2: 2 teaspoons vinegar and 1 cup water
   • Bottle 3: 3 teaspoons vinegar and 1 cup water
   • Bottle 4: 4 teaspoons vinegar and 1 cup water
   • Bottle 5: 1 cup vinegar
5. Place the plants in a location that gets plenty of sunlight. Water them equally with tap water, being careful not to overdo it.
6. Apply the mixture from bottle 1 to plant 1, bottle 2 to plant 2, and so on, ensuring you moisten the soil evenly for each, as this is where plants absorb water.
7. After 24 hours, review each plant using the magnifying glass, remeasure their heights, recount the leaves, and document the findings.
8. Continue the process of spraying and documenting for a total of five days.

Observations to Consider:

• Note any changes in the plants’ leaves throughout the experiment.
• Compare the pH levels used in your experiment with the typical pH of rainwater (about 5.6) and discuss the differences.
• Reflect on the purpose of documenting leaf damage before starting the experiment.

By performing these experiments and exploring these topics, you’ll gain a deeper understanding of air pollution, its effects, and how we can mitigate it. Remember to record your observations, calculations, and any conclusions you draw from these activities to discuss with your Environmental Science Merit Badge counselor.

Water Pollution Category for Environmental Science Merit Badge

Procedure for the Thermal Pollution Experiment for Environmental Science Merit Badge

1. Prepare two 10-gallon tanks or similar clear containers. Position one in a cooler area where the temperature stays below 60 degrees. Fill both tanks with tap water, handling them carefully once filled.
2. Insert a thermometer into each tank. Add a heating element to one tank to increase its temperature above 70 degrees.
3. Add fish food or liquid plant fertilizer to each tank as if feeding several fish or plants. Document the date, time, and each tank’s temperature.
4. Continue feeding both tanks as described daily for a week. Note any algae growth on the tank sides, describing and documenting its development through sketches or photos.
5. After the experiment, clean the tanks and remove any algae.

Observations to Consider:

• Discuss the rationale behind feeding both tanks throughout the study, not just the heated one.
• Compare the temperature difference between the two tanks. Reflect on activities that could similarly increase the temperature of nearby rivers or lakes.
• Observe any changes in the algae’s color, appearance, or growth pattern. Speculate on the possible causes of these changes.

Procedure for the Oil Spill Experiment for Environmental Science Merit Badge

1. Mark four aluminum pie pans with the letters “A,” “B,” “C,” and “D.”
2. Fill each pan with 1 cup of tap water using a measuring cup.
3. Add 1 tablespoon of vegetable oil to the water in each pan, totaling 4 tablespoons of oil.
4. For pan A, mix the oil and water with a plastic spoon, then attempt to push the oil to one side of the pan using a straw, without touching the water.
5. In pan B, after stirring the oil, use a string to gather and isolate the oil.
6. After mixing the oil in pan C, try absorbing the oil with a paper towel, then experiment with newspaper strips, cotton balls, and fabric scraps to see which material is most effective.
7. Mix the oil in pan D, then introduce 1 teaspoon of liquid dishwashing soap to the mixture.

Observations to Discuss:

• Describe the effect of using a straw on the oil-water mixture in pan A and how this might simulate challenges in cleaning oil spills at sea.
• Evaluate the effectiveness of the string in confining the oil in pan B.
• Identify which material best absorbed the oil in pan C.
• Discuss the outcome of adding dishwashing detergent to pan D and why it happened.

Impact of Waterborne Pollutant on Aquatic Community

Idea: Research and report on the effects of a specific pollutant, such as pesticides, heavy metals, or plastics, on aquatic life.

Steps:

1. Choose a waterborne pollutant to research.
2. Find examples of real-life water pollution incidents involving this pollutant.
3. Gather information on how the pollutant affects aquatic plants and animals, focusing on any biomagnification effects.

Writing the Report:

• Describe the pollutant and its source.
• Explain how it enters aquatic ecosystems and its impact on different forms of aquatic life.
• Discuss whether the pollutant’s effects include biomagnification, where toxins become more concentrated in organisms higher up the food chain.
• Conclude with thoughts on the long-term implications for aquatic communities.

Remember to document your experiments and findings thoroughly, as you’ll need to discuss them with your Environmental Science Merit Badge counselor. These activities not only fulfill Environmental Science Merit Badge requirements but also deepen your understanding of water pollution’s complex issues and how we can work to mitigate its effects.

Land Pollution Category for Environmental Science Merit Badge

Procedure for the Soil Erosion Experiment for Environmental Science Merit Badge

1. Obtain permission to collect soil.
2. Soak strips of newspaper in a water-filled bucket, stirring occasionally until they disintegrate into a mushy mixture, which might take a few days.
3. Construct three long, narrow containers from wood, shoeboxes, or pipes. Use plastic bags or foil to line cardboard boxes and seal seams with tape to avoid leaks.
4. Cut a V-shaped notch at one end of each container, ensuring it’s half the depth of the container’s wall. Label them “1,” “2,” and “3.”
5. Fill the first two containers with garden soil, leaving a half-inch gap from the top.
6. Fill the third container with grass-covered soil, maintaining the same half-inch gap from the top.
7. Drain the newspaper mixture, squeeze out excess water, and spread it over the soil in container 2. Let it dry overnight.
8. Elevate the non-notched end of each container slightly and place a collection pan below the notched end of each. Document the setup with photos or drawings.
9. Evenly sprinkle water from a watering can onto the soil in container 1 until empty. After water stops flowing, observe and measure the collected water, noting its amount and color.
10. Repeat the watering process for containers 2 and 3, documenting any changes with photos or drawings.

Observations:

• Note how water flowed differently in each container.
• Record the volume and color of water collected in each pan after three minutes.
• Compare the water color and volume differences among the pans.
• Measure the soil quantity in each pan.
• Given that the newspaper mix in container 2 is similar to erosion-prevention measures at construction sites, discuss why this approach is effective based on your experiment’s results.

Procedure for the Oil Pollution on Land Experiment for Environmental Science Merit Badge

1. Let a pitcher of tap water sit for 24 hours. Get four small potted plants, like pansies or another quick-growing species, and label them “A,” “B,” “C,” and “D.”
2. On the first day, place the plants in a sunny spot and water each with an equal amount of water from the pitcher.
3. Measure the height of each plant and note their heights, leaf count, and any notable features in your notebook.
4. Apply 1 teaspoon of motor oil to the soil of plant “B,” 2 teaspoons to plant “C,” and 3 teaspoons to plant “D,” avoiding the leaves. Leave plant “A” untreated as a control.
5. On the second day, water each plant with half a cup of water, being careful not to overwater.
6. For the next three days, observe and document any changes in the plants, including on the third day, re-measuring their heights and noting leaf count and any color changes.
7. After the experiment, responsibly dispose of the oil-contaminated soil by consulting with local environmental protection or hazardous waste agencies.

Observations to Reflect On:

• Discuss the reason for leaving plant “A” oil-free.
• Explain the purpose of watering the plants after adding oil and what real-life situation this mimics.
• Note the effects observed in the oil-treated plants.

Photographing an Area Affected by Erosion

Objective: To identify and analyze an area experiencing erosion.

Materials Needed:

• Camera or smartphone

Steps:

1. Find an area near your home or community where erosion is evident. This could be a riverbank, a hillside, a roadway cut, or any area where soil is being worn away.
2. Take photographs of the area, focusing on signs of erosion such as exposed roots, bare soil, or sediment in waterways.
3. Research or hypothesize why this area is experiencing erosion. Consider factors like vegetation cover, water flow, human activity, and soil type.

Discussion Points for Sharing Your Photographs:

• Explain the evidence of erosion shown in your photographs.
• Discuss the possible causes of erosion in this area.
• Suggest ways to reduce or prevent further erosion, such as planting vegetation, building retaining walls, or creating diversion channels.

These experiments and activities will help you explore the impact of land pollution and erosion, giving you a better understanding of how human actions and natural processes affect our environment. Remember to document your work carefully and share your findings and ideas with your Environmental Science Merit Badge counselor.

Endangered Species Category for Environmental Science Merit Badge

Research on an Endangered Species in Your State

1. Start by researching endangered and threatened species in your area. Reach out to your state’s fish and game, wildlife departments, or environmental protection agencies. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service also lists endangered species by state.
2. Compile a list of endangered or threatened species found in your state. Select one species for a detailed study.
3. Use the library or internet (with permission) to gather information on your chosen species from at least four different sources. Tip: Check if your library provides access to databases like ProQuest or EBSCOhost for magazine articles.
4. Investigate the natural habitat of the species, understand why it is at risk, and find out the current population estimates in the wild. If there are any legal protections for the species, detail how these measures have contributed to its survival and what additional actions are necessary.
5. Write a report of about 100 words on the species you researched. Include a drawing of the species in your report.
6. Share your findings in a presentation to your patrol or troop, spreading awareness about endangered species and conservation efforts.

Research on a Recovered Species

1. Compile a list of species that have bounced back from the brink of extinction using information from the library, home resources, or online (ensure you have parental permission). Consider contacting organizations like the World Wildlife Fund that specialize in the conservation of plants and animals for more insight. The Endangered Species Coalition has examples of twelve endangered species which have recovered.
2. Select a species that has successfully recovered from near extinction and delve into the story of its recovery. Investigate its current conservation status.
3. Craft a report of about 100 words detailing the recovery journey of the chosen species.
4. Share and discuss your findings with your counselor, highlighting the conservation measures that contributed to the species’ recovery.

Habitat Improvement Projects

Objective: Explore real-world conservation projects aimed at helping threatened or endangered species in your area.

Steps:

1. Get Approvals: Make sure to discuss your interest in this Environmental Science Merit Badge requirement with your parent or guardian and your Environmental Science Merit Badge counselor to get their approval.
2. Identify Projects: Reach out to local wildlife organizations, nature reserves, or government agencies involved in conservation to find out about approved habitat improvement projects for endangered species.
3. Visit a Project Site: With approval and arrangements in place, visit one of these project sites. Observe the work being done to improve habitat conditions for the species in question.
4. Report Your Observations: After your visit, prepare a brief report on what you saw, including the project’s goals, the actions being taken, and any results or progress observed. Share this report with your Environmental Science Merit Badge counselor and discuss the significance of such projects for conservation.

These activities will deepen your understanding of the challenges faced by endangered species and the importance of conservation efforts to protect our planet’s biodiversity. Remember to approach this Environmental Science Merit Badge requirement with curiosity and respect for nature and the ongoing efforts to preserve it.

Pollution Prevention, Resource Recovery, and Conservation Category for Environmental Science Merit Badge

Reducing Pollution at Home

Objective: Identify and implement ways to reduce pollution in your daily life.

Steps:

1. Identify 10 Ways to Reduce Pollution: Look around your home to find how you can lessen pollution. Ideas include recycling, using reusable bags, avoiding plastic bottles, conserving electricity and water, using eco-friendly cleaning products, properly disposing of hazardous materials, reducing car trips, planting trees, and minimizing food waste.
2. Practice Two Methods: Choose two methods from your list and practice them for seven days. For example, you could minimize electricity use by turning off lights when not needed and conserve water by taking shorter showers.
3. Discuss What You Learned: Talk about your experience with these methods. Did you find it challenging to stick to them? Did you notice any immediate benefits, like a lower electricity bill or less trash?

Conserving Resources

Objective: Find and apply ways to use resources more efficiently.

Steps:

1. Determine 10 Ways to Conserve Resources: Think about how you can use resources more wisely at home, school, or camp. Suggestions include double-sided printing, using refillable water bottles, carpooling, using solar chargers, turning off computers when not in use, reusing materials for projects, eating local produce, and using natural light instead of electric lights.
2. Practice Two Methods: Pick two conservation methods and apply them for five days. You might try reducing paper waste by using both sides of the paper and reducing water usage by fixing leaks.
3. Discuss What You Learned: Share your findings with your Environmental Science Merit Badge counselor. Which methods were most effective? How did changing your habits impact your daily life and the environment around you?

Experiment on Biodegradable Packing Materials for the Environmental Science Merit Badge

1. Number four resealable plastic bags as “1,” “2,” “3,” and “4.”
2. Add a cup of sand and a cup of garden soil to each bag, then mix them together by kneading the bags.
3. Place six strips of newspaper into bag 1.
4. Add six foam packing peanuts to bag 2.
5. Put six pieces of plain popcorn in bag 3.
6. Insert a small piece of plastic bubble wrap into bag 4.
7. Top off each bag with more garden soil, leaving enough room to seal the bags.
8. Pour half a cup of water into each bag.
9. Seal the bags and place them near a window that gets plenty of sunlight.
10. After two days, reopen the bags, stir the soil, add another half cup of water, and reseal them.
11. Three days later, empty the contents of each bag onto newspaper and search for the packing materials, using a magnifying glass for closer inspection.

Observations to Make:

• Identify which packing materials began to break down.
• Determine which materials are biodegradable and which are not.
• Discuss the differences between biodegradable materials and non-biodegradable ones based on your findings.

These activities will help you understand the importance of pollution prevention, resource conservation, and the choices we make every day that impact the environment. Document your efforts, observations, and any challenges you faced, ready to share with your Environmental Science Merit Badge counselor.

Pollination Category for Environmental Science Merit Badge

Understanding Honey Bees and Pollination

Differences Between a Drone and a Worker Bee:

• Drone: Male bee, larger eyes, bulkier body, no stinger, purpose is to mate with the queen.
• Worker Bee: Female but not a queen, smaller, has a stinger, does all the work (collecting pollen and nectar, making honey, nursing).

Stages of Bee Development:

• Eggs: Laid by the queen, one per cell.
• Larvae: Hatch from eggs, fed by workers.
• Pupae: Final stage before becoming an adult bee.

Pollination Process: Bees transfer pollen from one flower to another, fertilizing the plant so it can produce fruit and seeds.

Propolis: A sticky substance collected from trees, used by bees to seal cracks and sanitize the hive.

Honey and Beeswax Production:

• Honey: Made from nectar collected by workers, processed in the hive, and stored as food.
• Beeswax: Produced by workers, used to build the honeycomb.
• Harvesting: Honey is extracted from the comb; beeswax is collected from the comb structure.

Roles in the Hive:

• Queen: Only breeding female, lays eggs.
• Drones: Mate with the queen.
• Workers: Maintain the hive, care for the queen and brood, forage for nectar and pollen.

Report on Honeybees in Pollinating Food Crops

Content Suggestions for Your Report:

• How Honeybees Pollinate: Explain the process of pollination and why honeybees are so effective at it.
• Why They’re Used: Many crops depend on bee pollination to produce fruits, vegetables, and nuts.
• Problems Faced: Discuss Colony Collapse Disorder, pesticides, habitat loss, and diseases affecting bees.
• Impact of No Pollinators: Highlight potential food shortages, loss of plant diversity, and economic impacts.

Sharing Your Report: Present it to your troop, class, or another group, focusing on the critical role of honeybees in our ecosystem and food supply.

Hive a Swarm or Divide a Colony

Hiving a Swarm:

• Objective: Safely relocate a swarm into a new hive.
• Process: Wearing protective gear, gently collect the swarm (usually clustered around the queen) and place it in a hive box with prepared frames for the bees to start building upon.

Dividing a Colony:

• Objective: Create two colonies from one to prevent overcrowding or to start a new hive.
• Process: Move some frames with brood, honey, and bees into a new hive box, ensuring both old and new hives have a queen or queen cells.

How a Hive is Constructed:

• Materials: Wood or synthetic materials, designed with frames for bees to build their comb.
• Structure: Includes a bottom board, hive boxes (brood chamber and supers for honey), frames, a cover, and often a queen excluder to keep the queen in the brood chamber.

Safety and Ethics: Remember, working with bees requires caution and respect for the bees. Always use protective gear and work with an experienced beekeeper or a natural resource professional if you’re new to beekeeping.

By completing these tasks for the Environmental Science Merit Badge , you’ll gain a deeper appreciation for honeybees’ critical role in our environment and agriculture, and understand the basics of beekeeping and hive management.

Invasive Species Category for Environmental Science Merit Badge

Identifying and Controlling Invasive Plant Species

Objective: Learn about invasive plant species in your area and explore methods to manage their spread.

Steps:

1. Identify Invasive Plants: Research or work with a local nature center, conservation group, or extension service to identify invasive plant species common to your community or camp area. Learn to recognize these species by their appearance. The USDA has a site which will help you find out what invasive species are a problem in your area. You can search by region or state.
2. Understand Control Methods: Find out what methods are used to control or eradicate these plants. Methods might include physical removal, chemical treatments, or biological controls (using natural predators).
3. Explain to Your Environmental Science Merit Badge Counselor: Share what you’ve learned about identifying these invasive species and the strategies to manage their spread. Discuss why it’s important to control invasive species and the impact they have on native ecosystems.

Research on Invasive Species

Objective: Deepen your understanding of invasive species by researching their origins, spread, and control measures.

Steps:

1. Select Two Species: Choose two invasive species (plants or animals) in your area to research. These could be species you’ve noticed in your community or camp or species highlighted by local conservation efforts.
2. Conduct Research: Investigate each species’ background, including where it originated, how it arrived in the United States, its life cycle, how it spreads, and the environmental impact. Also, look into recommended actions to control or eradicate these species.
3. Report Your Findings: Present your research to your Environmental Science Merit Badge counselor, either through a written report or an oral presentation. Be sure to cover all aspects of each species’ background, impact, and management.

Participate in an Invasive Species Control Project

Objective: Take active part in a project to control or eradicate invasive species in your area.

Steps:

1. Find a Project: Look for opportunities to join a local invasive species removal project. Many communities, parks, and conservation organizations host events where volunteers can help remove invasive plants.
2. Participate: Spend at least one hour working on the project. This could involve physically removing invasive plants, applying treatments under supervision (if appropriate and safe), or helping to restore the area with native plants.
3. Reflect: Consider the impact of your efforts. How does controlling invasive species benefit your community or camp’s ecosystem? What challenges did you encounter during the project?

Safety and Ethics: Always prioritize safety when participating in removal projects. Wear appropriate clothing and protective gear, and follow the guidance of project leaders or experts. Be mindful of the environment and follow best practices to avoid harming native species.

Completing these tasks for the Environmental Science Merit Badge will give you valuable insight into the challenges and strategies associated with managing invasive species. It’s a great way to contribute positively to your local ecosystem and learn about the balance of nature.

Observing Different Ecosystems

This Environmental Science Merit Badge requirement encourages you to closely observe and compare the biodiversity and ecological dynamics of two distinctly different outdoor areas. You can choose either option (a) for a focused study on species count and spatial occupation or option (b) for a broader observation over time. Here’s how you can approach each option:

Exploring Study Plots for Environmental Science Merit Badge Option 4A

Procedure

1. Choose your study areas and determine the type of ecosystems present.
2. In one of the selected ecosystems, use a yardstick, stakes, a hammer, and string to outline a four-square-yard area for your first study plot.
3. Sit near your first plot and start noting down abiotic (nonliving) factors such as the date, time, temperature, and weather conditions. Also, observe if the area is flat or sloped, and record any changes in these conditions.
4. Focus on the biotic (living) components within the plot. Record any animals, insects, or other non-plant life you see, using common names or sketches for identification. Catalogue all plant species visible, using a field guide or drawings for later identification. A magnifying glass may help in examining detailed features.
5. Estimate the area occupied by each plant species within the plot, noting these estimates alongside each species’ name.
6. Measure the height of the plant species you’ve identified, incorporating this data into a scaled side-view drawing of your plot.
7. Move to the second ecosystem and repeat the above steps for your second study plot.

Observations

• Count and note the number of non-plant and plant species identified in each plot.
• Compare the quantity of non-plant to plant species in both plots.
• Determine which plot exhibits greater biodiversity.
• List any species found in both study plots.

Procedure for Observing Study Areas for Environmental Science Merit Badge Option 4B

1. Plan your visits to each study area and get approval from a parent or counselor.
2. Arrive quietly at your first study area, minimize noise, and pick a spot for observing wildlife. Settle in with your notebook and pen ready, noting the date, time, temperature, weather conditions, and the terrain’s nature. Sketch a basic map of your surroundings in your notebook.
3. After settling, start your observation. Identify and note down any plants you see, using field guides for names or sketching them for later identification. Record the life cycle stage of each plant.
4. When you spot different species, write down their common names and descriptions. If unknown, sketch them, noting size and color for later identification. Quietly take photos if you have a camera.
5. Document any sounds you hear, using a recorder if available, and mark the times of distinct sounds for later reference.
6. Use binoculars for distant non-plant species and a magnifying glass for small organisms. Remember, your role is to observe without disturbing the wildlife.
7. After observing for at least 20 minutes, mark your spot with a natural indicator and quietly leave, completing any unfinished notes.
8. Revisit the same spot two more times as per your schedule, ensuring you observe from the same place each time.

Observations to Consider:

• Note any changes in the plant species identified across your study periods.
• Record when non-plant species are more visible.
• Reflect on how the time of day or season influences what you observe.
• Consider how weather and other environmental conditions impact your findings.

Both options for Environmental Science Merit Badge requirement 4 provide a hands-on approach to understanding ecological concepts and the importance of biodiversity. Whether counting species or observing ecosystem dynamics over time, you’re gaining valuable insights into environmental science.

Remember, the goal is not just to complete the Environmental Science Merit Badge requirement but to develop a deeper appreciation for the complexity and interconnectedness of natural ecosystems.

Creating an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)

For Environmental Science Merit Badge requirement 5, creating an environmental impact statement (EIS) for a construction project involves a comprehensive assessment of how the project could potentially affect the local environment. For example, you might consider if a project will displace or harm wildlife in the area.

1. Imagine a construction project your local or state government might propose, like a new highway, school, bike path, or parking lot. Describe the project’s scale, nature, and community benefits in your notebook.
2. Pick a real location for your imaginary project and visit it. Note details about the site, including its flora and fauna, ecosystem type, previous disturbances, endangered species habitat, topography, erosion risk, presence of water bodies, potential archaeological sites, and neighboring land activities.
3. Explain how your project integrates with the area’s existing development plans, considering impacts on local parks, community connectivity, or the filling of vacant lots.
4. Assess how the project might impact the environment, considering soil erosion, disturbance to ecosystems or endangered species habitats.
5. Identify unavoidable negative impacts, like a necessary bridge that may affect a river ecosystem, and accept certain trade-offs.
6. Propose environmentally friendly alternatives or different designs that still fulfill the project’s objectives.
7. Weigh the project’s short- and long-term environmental impacts against its benefits to determine if it’s justifiable.
8. Consider how the project restricts future use of the site, such as paving a lot that eliminates the option for a community garden, and document these findings.

Remember, the purpose of an EIS is not only to identify potential environmental impacts but also to propose ways to minimize or avoid negative effects on the environment. Discussing your EIS with your Environmental Science Merit Badge counselor will give you valuable insights into the complexities of balancing development needs with environmental protection.

Environmental science offers a diverse range of career opportunities for those passionate about protecting our planet and ensuring sustainable living conditions for all its inhabitants. Here are some career paths within the field which you might discuss with your Environmental Science Merit Badge counselor:

• Environmental Scientist: Conducts research and analysis on environmental issues like pollution, conservation, and resource management to develop solutions for environmental problems.
• Conservation Scientist: Works on protecting natural resources, including plants, animals, and ecosystems, often collaborating with governments and landowners to manage, enhance, and protect habitats.
• Environmental Engineer: Applies principles of engineering, soil science, biology, and chemistry to develop solutions to environmental problems, such as waste disposal, pollution control, and public health issues.
• Wildlife Biologist: Studies animals and their ecosystems to understand their behaviors, genetics, diseases, and the impact of human activity on wildlife and natural habitats.
• Marine Biologist: Focuses on organisms in oceans and other saltwater environments, studying their behaviors, genetics, and interactions with their habitats.
• Environmental Lawyer: Specializes in laws and policies related to environmental protection, including pollution, natural resources, and wildlife conservation, often representing individuals, advocacy groups, or government agencies.
• Urban Planner: Works on developing plans and programs for land use in urban areas, focusing on creating sustainable, functional, and attractive communities, with an emphasis on environmental considerations.
• Hydrologist: Studies the distribution, circulation, and physical properties of the earth’s underground and surface waters, helping to solve water-related issues such as availability, quality, and environmental impact.
• Environmental Educator: Teaches people about the natural world and how to live sustainably within it, often working in schools, nature centers, non-profits, or government agencies.
• Renewable Energy Specialist: Focuses on developing and promoting the use of renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and geothermal, to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and mitigate climate change.
• Environmental Consultant: Provides expert advice to businesses and government agencies on how to minimize environmental impacts, comply with regulations, and implement sustainable practices.
• Climatologist: Studies the climate, including patterns, trends, and predictions, often focusing on climate change and its impacts on the environment and human societies.
• Sustainability Coordinator: Develops and implements strategies for businesses or organizations to operate in an environmentally sustainable manner, focusing on reducing waste, conserving resources, and improving efficiency.
• Geoscientist: Studies the earth’s composition, structure, and processes to understand its past, present, and future, including aspects related to environmental protection and resource management.

These careers vary widely in their specific focus, but all contribute to understanding, preserving, and improving our environment. Whether through direct conservation efforts, research, education, or policy, professionals in environmental science play a crucial role in addressing the environmental challenges of our time, making them good options for discussion for the Environmental Science merit badge.

National Outdoor Awards – Conservation

The National Outdoor Award Conservation Segment recognizes Scouts committed to environmental conservation, requiring achievements like the Environmental Science merit badge. To earn this badge, Scouts must demonstrate safe and ethical use of conservation tools, complete conservation work, and fulfill specific merit badges. This award embodies Scouting’s commitment to environmental stewardship, encouraging Scouts to actively participate in conservation efforts.

Nature and Environment Troop Program Feature

The BSA’s updated Troop Program features introduce Scouts BSA to the interconnectedness of the natural world through the Nature and Environment theme. This theme highlights the crucial roles plants, wildlife, and birds play in maintaining healthy ecosystems, emphasizing pollination, the “Circle of Life,” and how various species support each other. These ideas are further supported by earning the Environmental Science Merit Badge, fostering a commitment to conservation and responsible stewardship of our planet.

Wildlife Management Troop Program Feature

The Wildlife Management program feature emphasizes the importance of maintaining natural balance for wildlife well-being, highlighting that it extends beyond biology and intersects with various STEM disciplines. This approach complements the Environmental Science merit badge, offering Scouts a holistic view of environmental stewardship. Through general information and specific meeting ideas, Scouts explore how different fields contribute to wildlife conservation, enhancing their understanding and skills in protecting natural habitats and promoting biodiversity.

Scouts BSA World Conservation Award

Scouts BSA members have the opportunity to earn the World Conservation Award by completing specific requirements that emphasize global environmental stewardship. This includes earning either the Environmental Science merit badge or Sustainability merit badge, alongside the Soil and Water Conservation or Fish and Wildlife Management merit badge, and the Citizenship in the World merit badge. Additionally, Scouts must contribute at least three hours to a conservation project through an approved Scouting program, tackling issues that affect multiple countries, furthering their commitment to preserving our planet.

What is the Environmental Science merit badge?

The Environmental Science merit badge is a program designed for Scouts to explore and understand the principles of environmental science. Through experiments, observations, and projects, Scouts learn about ecosystems, pollution, endangered species, and conservation practices, empowering them to make informed decisions about environmental issues.

Why is the Environmental Science merit badge important?

The Environmental Science merit badge is important because it educates Scouts on the critical environmental challenges facing our planet. It encourages them to think critically about human impacts on the environment and fosters a sense of responsibility and stewardship towards natural resources, helping to cultivate the next generation of environmental advocates.

Who can earn the Environmental Science merit badge?

Any registered Scout who meets the prerequisites set by their Scouts BSA troop and follows the guidelines provided by the Boy Scouts of America can work towards earning the Environmental Science merit badge.

Is the Environmental Science merit badge required for the rank of Eagle Scout?

Either Sustainability merit badge or Environmental Science merit badge is required for the rank of Eagle. Scouts who earn both merit badges may count the second as an elective.

How long does it take to complete the Environmental Science merit badge?

The time it takes to complete the Environmental Science merit badge can vary depending on the Scout’s schedule, interest, and dedication. Typically, it might take several weeks to a few months to fulfill all the requirements, as some activities require observation over time or coordination with local environmental projects.

Are there any prerequisites for earning the Environmental Science merit badge?

Specific prerequisites for the Environmental Science merit badge may vary, but generally, Scouts are expected to have a basic understanding of biology and ecology concepts. Some requirements may also suggest or require adult supervision or collaboration with environmental professionals.

What kind of projects are involved in the Environmental Science merit badge?

Projects for the Environmental Science merit badge range from conducting experiments on pollution and ecosystems, participating in conservation efforts, to researching and discussing environmental issues like invasive species and sustainable practices. These projects are designed to provide hands-on learning experiences.

Can the Environmental Science merit badge be completed individually or does it require group participation?

While many requirements for the Environmental Science merit badge can be completed individually, some activities might benefit from or require group participation, such as certain conservation projects or discussions. Scouts are encouraged to collaborate with their troop, class, or other community groups for a richer learning experience.

How can Scouts begin working on the Environmental Science merit badge?

Scouts interested in the Environmental Science merit badge should start by talking to their Scout leader to express their interest and obtain the merit badge pamphlet. The next step is to find a merit badge counselor who specializes in environmental science to guide them through the requirements.

By engaging with the Environmental Science merit badge, Scouts not only gain valuable knowledge and skills but also contribute to a larger conversation about conservation and sustainability, playing a vital role in protecting our planet for future generations.

In conclusion, the journey through the Environmental Science merit badge is much more than a path to earning a badge; it’s a profound initiation into understanding and engaging with the world in a deeply responsible way. This merit badge doesn’t just teach Scouts about the environment; it molds them into informed citizens and passionate stewards of the planet. Through hands-on experiments, critical thinking, and real-world applications, Scouts are challenged to look beyond the surface and understand the intricate web of life that sustains our planet.

The Environmental Science merit badge encourages a blend of curiosity, dedication, and respect for nature, equipping Scouts with the knowledge and skills to make meaningful contributions to environmental conservation. It inspires them to think globally and act locally, recognizing that every action has an impact on the global ecosystem. As Scouts embark on this enlightening journey, they are not just earning a merit badge; they are stepping into roles as leaders in the ongoing effort to preserve and protect our natural world for future generations.

In embracing the lessons of the Environmental Science merit badge, Scouts are prepared to lead with vision, compassion, and a deep commitment to environmental ethics, making the world a better place—one Scout at a time.